Industrial Revolution. Opening Activity 2 1.What do you see in the picture? 2.Where do you think the...
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Transcript of Industrial Revolution. Opening Activity 2 1.What do you see in the picture? 2.Where do you think the...
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Industrial Revolution
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Opening Activity 2
1.What do you see in the picture?
2.Where do you think the picture was taken?
3.What do you think is causing all this to happen?
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OA 3
1. Would you want to work in a factory? Why or why not?
2. What are some dangers or benefits of working in a factory?
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Industrial Revolution• Rural – Farming• Urban – City • Industry – production of a good
(factories/manufacturing) • Industrial Revolution – Society’s
transformation due to advances in manufacturing, led to changes in living as well as working.–Rural to Urban
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Industrial Revolution• Great Britain was the first to industrialize (mid to
late 1700s)•Why? Three factors of production
• Land•Farmland, timber, coal, iron ore, oil
• Labor•Population Boom of Workers•Enclosure Movement•Crop rotation (more food)
• Capital• ($) for investment from banks
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Causes:1. Agricultural Revolution – improvements of farming methods and farming tools
– Mixing Soil– Crop Rotation– Seed Drill– Enclosure
• Any benefits?
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2. Population Increase1550 3.0 Million
1650 5.2 Million
1800 8 Million
1851 16.7 Million
Advances in Agriculture and medical advances lead to population increase
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3. Advances in Technology/manufacturing
– New Inventions!• Eli Whitney – Cotton Gin
– It made cotton production more efficient (faster)
– It improved the textile Industry • James Watt – Improved the
Steam Engine – Utilize Coal– Engines for trains and powered
factories– Benefits?
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OA 4 Video Notes
• Worst Jobs in History: Victorian Era– List the jobs mentioned in the video– Provide interesting facts about each job
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OA 5 Page 297
1. Geography Skills Question 1 and 22. Which countries made up the advanced
industrialized core?
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Societal Changes• Urbanization• Poor Living / Working Conditions• Population explosion• The emergence of the new Middle
Class • Extended work day• The child worker• The epidemic• pollution
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Urbanization“Urban” – Cities “…zation” – process• Urbanization : Movement of people to cities
– Growth of industry (factories) – need workers– Needed laborers in the mines – coal and metal
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New Social Classes• Middle Class “Bourgeoisie”
– Gained success and wealth through investing in industry.
– Upper Middle Class• Industrial working class
– Poor– Tenements – multistory
buildings divided into small apartments
– Slums – disease, lack of sewage, and waste systems
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Poor Working and Living Conditions• Poor working conditions – Dangerous health
hazardous working conditions– Industrial workers worked 12-16 hrs a day– No job security or minimum wage– Mining , crowded rooms, dangerous machinery
• Child labor – Children were paid less and they worked under dangerous working conditions
• Increase in poverty and crime within the cities• Many lived in slums, unsanitary, and disease
ridden homes
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New Ideas• Capitalism
– Little or no gov. regulation of economy– Allow businesses and market to decide on
prices– Laissez-Faire Economics – Adam Smith
• Socialism – People as a whole (collectively) owns and
operate means of production – No private property
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New Ideas
• Communism– Type of socialism – Karl Marx– Capitalism creates inequality – Bourgeoisie – Middle class “Haves” vs– Proletariat – working class “have-nots” will win– Struggle Classless Society– Power and wealth would be shared equally
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People Organize1. The Union Movement• Collective bargaining – employees band
together to negotiate with employers.• Strikes – members of the union stopped
working to pressure employers to make certain demands – Purpose was to improve working conditions
and create reform laws
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People Organize2. Slaves fought for freedom3. Women fight for equality -- 1840’s & 1850’s women fought for suffrage—rights to vote4. Education for children – Public school systems were made to protect children from child labor
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Historical Headlines of Second Industrial Revolution!
• Copy down each of the following headlines. • Beneath each headline, write a brief news
account of the event. (4-5 sentences)• Be sure to include historical evidence in your
news account. (names, events, movements)1. The Revolution of the Proletariat! (299)2. Demand for Suffrage! (307)3. We are the Union! Join us! (300)
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Headline #1
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Headline #2
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Headline #3
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OA 6 (321)
1. What is Social Darwinism?2. What did Herbert Spencer argue?3. Why did prominent businessmen like the
idea of Social Darwinism?
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Social Darwinism
• Social Darwinism was influenced by the theory of natural selection from Charles Darwin– Organisms evolved through natural selection – survival of
the fittest– Applied Darwin’s idea into society
• In society people who were wealthy were the “fittest”
• People who were poor were the “weak”• Justified inequality and exploitation (taking
advantage of the poor) • Justify Racism and Imperialism