Industrial Revolution and Democratic Reform
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Transcript of Industrial Revolution and Democratic Reform
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8/3/2019 Industrial Revolution and Democratic Reform
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1700-1900
Industr
ial
Rev
olut
ion
Any one who believes that any great enterprise of an industrial character can be started without labor
must have little experience of life. --William Graham Sumner
Population Growth(in millions)
1750 1800 1850
Great Britain 7.4 10.5 20.8France 21 27.3 35.8Germany 18 23 34Belgium 2.2 3.1 4.3Russia 28 40 68.5Europe 132 190 260
Last summer I visited three cotton factories...and we could not remain ten
minutes in the factory without gasping for breath. How it is possible for
those who are doomed to remain there twelve or fifteen hours to endure
it? If we take into account the heated temperature of the air, and the
contamination of the air, it is a matter of astonishment to my mind, how
the work people can bear the confinement for so great a length of
time."--Dr. Ward
by Kathryn Franck
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Inventions from the
Industrial Revolution
Textiles Inventions: The Flying Shuttle
John Kay
Turned wool into cloth Spinning Jenny
James Hargreaves Turned wool into thread
Water Frame Richard Arkwright Used water power to run
spinning wheels Spinning Mule
Samuel Crompton Made stronger thread
Sewing Machine I.M Singer Increased speed of
sewing
Communication Inventions: Telephone
Alexander Graham Bell Improved communication
Telegraph Samuel F.B Morse Improved communication
The SettingDuring the 1700, in
England, the Agricultural
Revolution was just starting.
The Agricultural Revolution
set the stage for theIndustrial Revolution
because of the increase in
food and population. Other
reasons why the Industrial
Revolution began in England
were because of the naturalresources they had, such as
rivers, iron, and coal. Many
different inventions were also
created to improve
production. As inventions
came bigger and were no
longer able to be kept in a
house and so factories were
made. The increase in
population gave factoriescheap labor. Some major
characters in the Industrial
Revolution were the factory
workers, the factory owners,
and the inventors.
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Problem:
Long hours:
Children had no time to be children.Also, educational time was replaced
with work time. Many families
hardly saw each other because of
the early starts and late ends.
Bad Work Conditions:
Large machinery and unsanitary
factories made work dangerous.
No Job Security:When workers got hurt, factory
owners replaced them and the
workers had to support themselves
without an income.
The Problem
Some problems with theIndustrial Revolution were
the increase of pollutionand the unfair treatmentof factory workers. Also
artisans and other skilled
workers lost their jobsbecause factories couldmake what they could onlycheaper. Factory workers
worked long hours and inhorrible conditions. Factory
owners did not give manybreaks, even for meals.The new inventions and
machinery in factories,
were dangerous and
many people were injured.Children worked infactories for long hours, in
unsanitary environments,taking away their
opportunity of a childhoodor education. Many workerslost limbs and were then
replaced by factorieswithout proper
compensation.
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The GoalThe goal of the
factories workers was to
gain more rights. Theywanted to change the
current situation at thefactories.
The factory owners
wanted to make money andkeep up the Britisheconomy. They wanted to
raise their status bygetting rich off of cheap
labour.The inventors goal was
to improve the technology
of the time and to benefitthe whole economy. They
also made money off oftheir inventions.
The British government
wanted to sustain theeconomic boom that had
taken place. They neededto support the growingpopulation of Britain.
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Main AgriculturalRevolution
Industrialization Philosophy
theIndustrial
Enclosure policy and croprotation increased farm
efficiency, increasing food
supplies.
Large machines were kept infactories, which began to
spring up all over England.
Karl Marx and FriedrichEngels came up with the idea
of socialism and communism
Revolution New inventions were comingout, improving farming.
The Increase in production
required more laborers, leading
to the employment of womenand children.
Adam Smith supported
capitalism in the government
and wrote The Wealth ofNations.
The increase of food in turn
increased the population.
Unions were formed to enforce
reforms and change how
work conditions were.
Unions were first banned by the
English government because the
government did not want any riotsor violent protests. However,
because of their popularity among
workers, the government could no
longer stop unions from forming.
The EventsMost inventions were made
during the Agricultural
revolution, right before the
Industrial Revolution. The
inventions made the way for
the Industrial Revolution.During the Industrial
Revolution, transportation
improved, such as the finishing
a railroad that connected the
main citied of England.
Industrialization also spread
to other European countriesand the United States.
People began to think
about the best way to run a
government due to the rapid
changes. Philosophers like
Adam Smith, Karl Marx andFriedrich Engels came up with
different structures, socialism
and capitalism.
Unions were formed to help
the workers to become more
represented in their needs.
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The EndingThe formation of Unions brought about
many needed reforms. Working conditions
were reformed, making things safer and
with more reasonable hours. Along withwork related reforms, slavery was
abolished in England.The economy in England and all over
the world had prospered greatly.Population increased everywhere as well.A middle class was formed and the
wealth in a nation became more evenlydistributed.
Life was changed by the IndustrialRevolution. Sanitation and housing were
improved by the end of the Revolution.Overall the Industrial Revolution
increased wealth around the world,
however, unindustrialized countries fellfar behind the industrialized nations.
Reform Acts in England
The Factory Act of 1833 Children had to be older than 9 to work infactories. 9-12 year olds could work 8
hours. 13-17 year olds could work 12 hours.
The Mine Acts of 1842 Women and children could not workunderground.
The Ten Hours Act of 1847 Women and children in factories could onlywork 10 hour days.
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1815-1914
Dem
ocra
tic
R
eform
The ballot is stronger than the bullet. --Abraham Lincoln
The best argument against democracy is a five minute conversation with the average voter. -- WinstonChurchill
A democracy, that is, a government of all the people, by all the people,
for all the people; of course, a government after the principles of eternal
justice, the unchanging law of God; for shortness sake, I will call it the
idea of freedom.--Theodore Parker
Theodore ParkerWinston Churchill
Abraham Lincoln
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Entertainment became a far more
personal thing in the days ofthe democratic reform. Mass
culture, or entertainment for the
public, increased. New inventions
helped with the spread of
leisure activities.
The SettingThe British Empire had
conquered many different
countries and wasexpanding rapidly. The
British people wantedsuffrage for all, womenespecially fought for
suffrage. The beginning ofdemocratic reform wasduring the Victorian Age,
when Victoria was thequeen of England. In
France, democracy was alsoa rising form ofgovernment. Europe, as a
whole, was becoming veryAnti-Semitic. As the
British Empire grew, so diddemocracy. Conquered areas,like Canada, New Zealand,
Australia and Ireland allexperienced a turn towards
a more democraticgovernment. Meanwhile, inthe United States, Civil War
erupted.
The Democratic reformcleared the way for moreinventions andentertainment like sports.
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The Problem
The British Governmentdid not want to give rights
to everyone because thenthe influence would be gonefrom the educated and
wealthy. At the time,people believed that women
should not be involved inpolitics.
In Canada, there were
problems between the
French and the Englishsettlers and who hadcontrol over the other.
In New Zealand and
Australia, there were
conflicts with the native
people of the countries andthe settlers.
During the Civil War,the southerners and the
northerners held differentviews on slavery.
American expansion leadto problems among thenatives and other
European countries thathad colonized there.
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The GoalThe goal was to gain
suffrage and equality for
all. Women were tired ofbeing mistreated because of
gender.The goal of the
countries that broke away
from England was to makea democratic governmentand rule themselves.
Ireland wanted to ridthemselves of their
English oppressors. Theywanted home rule. Duringthe Civil War, the
Northerners wantedslavery to be abolished but
the Southerners thoughtthat they needed slavesfor their economy.
When America wanted toexpand, their goal was
that they believed theywere required to move westand colonize. The goal was
to gain land and wealth
as well.
The Northern states did not
approve of slavery however theSoutherners were sure that it was
necessary for their economy. When
the Northern states said that
slavery needed to be abolished,
several Southern state seceded and
formed the Confederate states. The
Northern states formed the Union.After a shooting on a Union fort,
the American Civil War started. The
Emancipation Proclamation helped
abolish slavery and reunite the
states.
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British Empire
Canada
Canada wanted to have home rule,
or the ability for a country to
govern themselves but be apart of
the Empire.
New Zealand andAustralia
New Zealand and
Australia wanted
home rule as
well. The Maori were the nativepeople in New Zealand and there
were land conflicts between the
Europeans and the Native People in
both New Zealand and Australia.
Ireland
The Irish
people resented
the British
because of theirlong history of
the British ruling over the Irish.
The Irish demanded freedom but
World War I prevented the British
empire from freeing them. Also the
British empire was concerned for
the Protestants in Northern
The EventsSuffrage was continued
to be fought for andgained around the world.
Different colonies brokeoff from the British
Empire to become dominionsor independent countries.
The American Civil Wartook place over the issueof slavery. The Northern
states won and all thestates were reunited.
Americans believed thatthey needed to expand intothe west of North
America. Through warsand treaties, much of the
western land was gained.
New states continued tojoin America, increasing its
size and power.As America grew in
strength, the need for
entertainment grew aroundthe world. New inventions
came along that improved
entertainment such as thephonograph or the motion
picture camera. Leisureactivities were no longer
only for the wealthy, butfor all the public.
Inventions, Scientific Advances and New
Ideology of the 19th Century
Light Bulb: Thomas Edison
Phonograph: Thomas EdisonAirplane: The Wright Brothers
Motion Picture: Thomas Edison
Assembly Line: Henry Ford
Radioactivity: Marie Curie
Germ Theory of Disease: Louis Pasteur
Theory of Evolution: Charles Darwin
Psychoanalysis: Sigmund Freud
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The EndingWomen gained suffrage and
voting requirements wereloosened, making it possiblefor more men to vote aswell.
All the countries thatwanted home rule gained it.
However, Ireland ended upsplitting because of theBritish governments
concern for theProtestants, of Northern
Ireland, since Ireland was
mainly Catholic.At the end of the Civil
War, slavery was abolishedand America reunited.
America continued to expand
into the western part ofNorth America. Technology
increased as the spread ofpeople increased.The expansion of
America made it the sizethat it is today and made
America a leading power
back then and now.The idea of mass culture
and the need forentertainment started at
the end of the DemocraticReform Era.
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Bibliography
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Rennett Stowe
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indy_slug
mrbill
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League of Women Voters of California
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Smabs Sputzer
Seattle Municipal Archives
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Candie_N
bsabarnowl
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GlenBledsoe
Paul Stevenson
Believe Creative
cliff1066
Boston Public Library
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