Industrial revolution
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Transcript of Industrial revolution
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INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
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Why did it begin in Great Britain?
1.Farming (more land new crops, better food)
2.Britain had many workers (pop)
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3. British had money or CAPITAL to invest.
4. ENTREPRENEURS: businessmen who want new opportunities to make money.
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5. natural resources such as coal, iron, & water for power & shipping.
6. Colonies create markets to sell goods
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1. 1765:. James Hargreaves-invented spinning jenny- makes thread. Cotton industry grows!!
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Other inventions:2. 1775: James Watt- improved steam engine- run machines, faster transportation
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2. Edmund Cartwright- water powered loom-weaves cloth, powered by rivers next to factories
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COAL & IRON3. Henry Cort invents PUDDLING- process to burn away impurities in iron to make hi quality iron
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4. 1804: Robert Trevithick
1st steam locomotive•Creates new jobs, mkts & lowers costs of shipping. Trains go up to 50 mph, build
100s miles of track
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5. Robert Fulton credited w/ Clermont, 1st steamboat
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•INDUSTRIAL CAPITALISM- an eco system based on industrial production & new classes developed as a result
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•Factories built.•Owners have shifts to run machines constantly.
•Employees work assembly lines, repeating same task.
•Fined & beaten for being late
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•Many workers had been farmers & many were women or
kids (young as 5) who worked 12-16 hr days, for little pay
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Social Changes New social classes developed:1. Middle Class
were managers, store owners, market planners
2. Industrial Working Class- were factory workers.
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1. Worked 12- 16 hr days, 6 days a weeks
2. Little pay. 3. Dangerous, loud & dirty conditions
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•Society changed:•Most factory laborers were farmers ( 2/3 were women & kids)
•Many moved to the cities•Working class & middle class developed
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•Women paid ½ & were 50% of factory laborers.
•Many also work out of home (called a COTTAGE INDUSTRY) doing cleaning, laundry, etc
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NORTH AMERICADon’t write: Btw 1800-1860 pop grew!•canals & RRs link US•50% of people live on farms in US, but many moving to the North to work
in cities
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How did population change? Urbanization (city growth) factors include:
*Pop doubles in Europe. (266 mil)
* Less wars & diseases, & better food led to growth.
* people come to city to work in factories
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EUROPE BY 1815
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•Living conditions poor in cities
•Cheap, crowded, dirty apartments
•Rats & trash spread disease,
•sewage & poor sanitation
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•Conditions worsen & socialism grows (idea govt should take control of means of production) & Trade unions dev to fight to raise
wages, & improve conditions
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REVOLUTIONS OF 1848
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CONGRESS OF VIENNA
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•GB, AUS, PRU, RUS meet Sept 1814 for peace settlement at CONGRESS OF VIENNA
•Led by Klemens Von Metternich
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•Principle of Legitimacy- restore monarchies to power
•Divide territories so that so no one too strong
•GB, Rus, Pru Aus, Fr meet to keep peace
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•adopt PRINCIPLE of INTERVENTION- right to send in armies if rev occurs. But Britain refused
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•New ideas:• LIBRALISM-idea people should be free from govt restraint (freedom of speech, separation
of church & state, want a constitutional
monarchy)
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•NATIONALISM- a unique cultural identity of a people based on a common language, religion, history. Often leads people to want own nation. Starts revolutions, upsets balance of power
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• GERMANY was 38 states (German Confederation)
• Rulers promise new constitutions & meet as Frankfort assembly to write one. Draft it, but can’t enforce.
• ITALY: 9 states, some owned by Austria.
• Revolts break out to create unified Italy w/ liberal constitutions, but Austrians stop it.
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SECOND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
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•DON’T WRITE!!!•Second Industrial Rev lasted from 1870s into 1900s.
•1st rev focused on railroads, iron, coal, and cloth. 2nd focused on:
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1. Iron replaced by steel- light, strong
2. electricity- heat & light, factories could run 24 hrs
3. chemicals & oil
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NEW INVENTIONS
1.telephone in 1876- Alexander Graham Bell
2.Radio- Guglielmo Marconi
3. Plane- Wright brothers
4. Internal combustion engine- Daimler
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OTHER CHANGES•Wages increased & prices drop due to cheaper transportation & factories
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• Italy, Aus-Hungary, SP, Port & Rus still agricultural, not industrial.
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Top- wealthy 5% of pop own 30-40% of money
•Middle Class- Drs, lawyers, civil servants
•Lower-middle class- shopkeepers
•Lower class- sales people, secretaries.
• Working class- 80% of pop (servants, farmers)
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GROCERY STORE late 1800s
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1. Women- new jobs open up. Create jobs as clerks, secretaries, typists
2. Women work until marriage in working class families.
3. Feminism grows. 4. Can divorce, own property, go to college
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FUN!!!! •People had time & $$$$ for leisure
•Pro sports (Reds 1869)
•Amusement parks & dance halls
open
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CONEY ISLAND’S 1st COASTER
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CONEY ISLAND RIDES
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CONEY ISLAND RIDES
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•State financed schools set up for boys & girls to:
•train labor for factories•Increase literacy•Create patriotism
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ORGANIZING THE WORKING CLASS
•Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels upset by factory conditions & blame industrial capitalism.
•Wrote in Communist Manifesto that:
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COMMUNIST MANIFESTO
a.history is a class struggle
b. Oppressors or Bourgeoisie are middle class who own means of production (land, $$$) & control govt
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COMMUNIST MANIFESTOc. Oppressed or Proletariat are working class & depend on oppressord. Huge struggle will occur w/ violent revolution
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KARL MARXe. Proletariat will overthrow bourgeoisie & form dictatorship to organize production.
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KARL MARX
f. Creates no social or economic classes or differences.