Industrial relations Jackie MORIN European Commission.
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Transcript of Industrial relations Jackie MORIN European Commission.
Industrial relationsJackie MORINEuropean Commission
Increase in EU Population during past enlargements
Absolute (in 1,000)
Relative (% of EU)
1973 Denmark, Ireland and the UK 9 64,228 30.8
1981 Greece 10 9,701 3.5
1986 Spain and Portugal 12 48,515 16.7
1995 Austria, Finland and Sweden 15 21,859 6.2
2004
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia
25 74,142 19.3
2007 Bulgaria and Romania 27 29,244 6.3
Increase in EU population (at time of accession)
Year of accession
Acceding countriesNumber of EU Member States after accession
From 6 to 27 members and beyond
Potential further enlargements
Averages for the diverse EU enlargements
EU61960-71
EU91972-84
EU121985-94
EU151995-03
EU252004-06
Union density (%) 29.5 39.1 31.6 27.8 24.4
Union centralisation (0-1) 0.483 0.445 0.409 0.471 0.369
Sectoral bargaining (0-2) 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.2
Bargaining coverage (%) 74.7 74.5 74 75.9 62.5
Wage coordination (1-5) 3.1 3.3 3.1 3.4 2.8
Works councils (0-2) 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.5
Consultation (0-2) 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.3 0.9
Social pacts (% MS with pacts)
0.0 17.1 27.5 31.9 16.7
The Europeanisation of industrial relations
Chart 1.5: Union density in the EU, the USA and Japan
0.0
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10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
1980
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2006
USA Japan EU15 EU27
Chart 1.6: Bargaining coverage rates EU, USA and Japan
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1980
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USA Japan EU15 EU27
Social Agenda
Social realities – Facts
EU per capita € 23.000
6.5 million new jobs in the last two years. An increase in productivity growth for the first time in 10 years. Unemployment the lowest in 25 years. Unemployment among 25 to 64-year-olds just 4.7%, compared with 11.2% for those with only a lower secondary education.
Millions of vacancies in Europe are unfilled because there are not enough people with the right skills to fill them.
New workforce and skills from EU12
Social realities - Challenges
78 million people at risk and 8% working poor
Unequal access to schooling, training, health care, housing, quality jobs
40% of all contracts “a-typical” and this concerns most jobs created since 2000 especially for young people, women and/or migrants
Limited mobility
MS’ policies towards workers from NMS
Restrictions
Free access
EU 10
0
1
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2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
BE
DK
DE
IE
EL
ES
FR
IT
NL
AT
FI
SE
UK
Resident foreign nationals from EU10 (% of total population)
A contrasted reality
Median age of the EU will increase between 2004 and 2050 from 39 to 49
Old-age dependency ratio, will rise from 25% presently up to 53% in 2050
Dürers mother Sophia Lorenwith 63 years with 63 years
Perception & citizens concerns
• Focus on personal well being (health, family, friends), less on collective interest (helping others, religion, politics)
• Future concerns: unemployment, environment, education, pensions
• People’s lives in 20 years’ time? Worse according to 49% EU respondents (38% better)
The EU in the world
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CN IN EU-27 US RUS J P
Population in millions, 2005
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EU-27 US JP CN RUS
GDP in millions of euro, 2005
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CN US RUS JP UE27
Médailles d’Or 2008
European Social Policy
EuropeanSocialFunds
LegislationMobility
Gender equalityWorking conditionsHealth and Safety
Open Method of Coordination
EmploymentSocial protection
EuropeanSocial
Dialogue
SocialAgenda
European Commission
New Social Agenda
DirectivesEuropean Works Council
Principle of equal treatment between persons irrespective of religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation
Maritime Labour ConventionApplication of patients' rights in cross-border healthcare
CommunicationsNon-discrimination and equal opportunities
Solidarity in the face of change: The European Globalisation Adjustment Fund (EGF) in 2007
Improving competences for the 21st Century
Working documentsThe role of transnational company agreements
Restructuring and EmploymentReport on the implementation of the European
social partners' Framework Agreement on TeleworkFirst biennial report on the situation of social
services of general interest in the EU
European actionon IR
ART 138 of the Treaty
The Commission has a responsibility to promote consultation of the social partners
at community level and to take every useful measure to facilitate their dialogue,
taking care to ensure a balanced support of both sides.
The Commission consults social partners first
Social partners can engage into a dialogue
ART 138 of the Treaty
The Commission has a responsibility to promote consultation of the social partners
at community level and to take every useful measure to facilitate their dialogue,
taking care to ensure a balanced support of both sides.
The Commission consults social partners first
Social partners can engage into a dialogue
ART 139 of the Treaty
The Community level dialogue between the social partners can lead,
if they wish it, to contractual relations, including agreements.
The implementation can be made either by an EU instrument or through
national channels
ART 139 of the Treaty
The Community level dialogue between the social partners can lead,
if they wish it, to contractual relations, including agreements.
The implementation can be made either by an EU instrument or through
national channels
New Article 152
The Union recognises and promotes the role of the social partners at its level, taking into account the diversity of national systems.
It shall facilitate dialogue between the social partners, respecting their autonomy.The Tripartite Social Summit for Growth and Employment
shall contribute to social dialogue.
New Article 152
The Union recognises and promotes the role of the social partners at its level, taking into account the diversity of national systems.
It shall facilitate dialogue between the social partners, respecting their autonomy.The Tripartite Social Summit for Growth and Employment
shall contribute to social dialogue.
Role and importance of social dialogue at EU level
Role and importance of social dialogue at EU level
What forms does the European Social Dialogue take?
“Val Duchesse” Social Dialogue
Sectoral socialdialogue
committees
TR
IPA
RTIT
EB
IPA
RTIT
E Transnationalagreements
Tripartite Social Summit
Macroeconomic dialogueDialogue on education
Dialogue on employment
Cross industry Sectoral Company
Auto
nom
ou
s
European Commission
High levelgroups
The different roles of the social partners
Member States EU
I. Veto power a. lobbying Pressure of main employers organisation VNO-NCW to change existing EPL in NL
ETUC campaign to change draft Service Directive
b. social pacts for example in IE, SI or FI
2. Collective bargaining
(and as a weaker form: joint guidelines / benchmarking)
a. autonomous Danish collective agreements, including “social plans” and EPL elements; Dutch collective agreements over flexicurity and agency work
Framework Agreements on Telework; Work-Related Stress; Violence and Sexual harassment
b. sponsored 2003 Agreement on Vocational Training and Individual Training Rights in FR
Framework Agreements on Parental Leave, Part-time and Fixed-Term
c. dependent Belgian biennial agreements since 1997; national agreements to implement the EU Framework Agreement on Telework
(Union Guidelines for coordinated bargaining agenda’s in context of EMU)
3. Implementation a. co-management Swedish Labour Market Board
b. advise Consultation over setting of minimum wages in most Member States
Social Partner advisory role in EU social security coordination for migrants
Since 1999 – Forum for synchronizing wage policy with monetary policy
Macro-economic dialogue
Coun
cilCoun
cil
EBCEBCCOM
COM
ETUC
ETUC BEBE
Since 2003 – Lisbon Strategy
Tripartite social Summit
Presiden
cy
Presiden
cy COMCOM
ETUC
ETUC BEBE
CECEurocadres
CECEurocadres
UEA
PM
EUEA
PM
E
CEEPCEEP
Secto
rsS
ecto
rs
Since 1985 – Val Duchesse
Bipartite dialogue
Union
s
Union
s
Unions
Unions Unio
ns
Unions
Empl
Empl
Emp
l
Emp
lEmpl
Empl
SSDC – Quantitative evolution
05
1015202530354045
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Gas
Catering
Shipbuilding
Local government
Audiovisual
Chemical
industry
Hospitals
Steel
Football
Sea transportRoad transportCivil aviation
Inland navigationRailways
ElectricityGas
Personal servicesCleaning industryPrivate security
Live performanceAudiovisual
Textile/clothingTanning/leather
Footwear
TelecommunicationsPostal services
AgricultureExtractive Industry
Sea fishingSea Ports
HorecaCatering Commerce
BankingInsurance
Construction
Chemical
WoodworkingFurniture
Sugar
Temporary agency work
36 Sectoral SD Committees
SteelShipbuildingAutomobile
Non ferrous metalMetal sector
SportFootball
Professional cycling
HospitalsLocal government
Central administrationEducation
Main issues at sectoral level
Inland waterwaysNegotiation on Working time
Inland waterwaysNegotiation on Working time
HairdressersDiscussion on
Skills certificate
HairdressersDiscussion on
Skills certificate
SteelJoint position onClimate change
SteelJoint position onClimate change
HospitalsNeedle stick injuries
HospitalsNeedle stick injuries
Chemical IndustryEmission trading
RegimFIA’s
Chemical IndustryEmission trading
RegimFIA’s
TanningAgreement on social
reporting
TanningAgreement on social
reporting
Multi sectoral1/3 parties violencePublic procurementsMobility passports
Multi sectoral1/3 parties violencePublic procurementsMobility passports
AgricultureAgripass / Mobility
AgricultureAgripass / Mobility
4 Agreements establishing minimum standards
implemented by Council decision
• European agreement on the organisation of working time of seafarers, 1998
• European agreement on the organisation of working time of mobile workers in civil aviation, 2000
• Agreement on certain aspects of the working conditions of mobile workers assigned to interoperable cross-border services, 2005
• Agreement on the maritime labour convention, 2008
European Commission
2 Autonomous Agreements establishing minimum standards implemented by the procedures
and practices specific to management and labour and the
Member States
• Agreement on the European licence for drivers carrying out a cross-border interoperability service, 2004
• Social Dialogue Agreement on Crystalline Silica, 2006Implementation reports
by the social partners
Main issues at cross-industry level
Implementationof previousagreements
Stress at work
Harassment and violence
Implementationof previousagreements
Stress at work
Harassment and violence
Seminars onrestructuring
Seminars onrestructuring
Capacity Building programme
Capacity Building programme
Framework ofAction on
employment
Framework ofAction on
employment
Negotiation 2008Inclusive labour market
(autonomous agreement)
Negotiation 2008Inclusive labour market
(autonomous agreement)
Negotiation 2008
Revision of Parental Leave Agreement /
Directive
Negotiation 2008
Revision of Parental Leave Agreement /
Directive
3 Agreements establishing minimum standards
implemented by Council decision
• Framework agreement on parental leave, 1995
• Framework agreement on part-time work, 1997
• Framework agreement on fixed-term work, 1999
• Parental leave revision
European Commission
3 Autonomous Agreements establishing minimum standards implemented by the procedures
and practices specific to management and labour and the
Member States
• Framework agreement on telework, 2002
• Agreement on Stress at work, 2004
• Harassement and violence at work, 2007
• Inclusive Labour Markets
Implementation reports by the social partners
Telework
• First autonomous agreement (July 2002)
• Reference to Article 139• General framework of rules
for telework (equal rights, voluntary character, data protection, privacy, equipment, health and safety, training etc.)
• Implementation by members of signatory parties (3 year period)
28 June 2006 - Adoption of the report on the implementation of the agreement
2003 - 2005 - Implementation & regular reporting
16 July 2002 - Signature of the framework agreement on Telework
12 Nov. 2001 - Opening of the negotiations
20 Sept 2001 - Social partners announced their intention to start negotiations
16 March 2001 – Launch of the 2d phase of consultation
20 June 2000 – Launch of the first phase of consultation by the Commission
Consultationphase
Negotiationphase
Implementationphase
July 2008 – Commission working paper on teleworkPromotion
phase
The process on telework
Choice of instrumentsCollective
agreements (incl. sectoral – DK)
Other agreements (recommendations
to lower levels)
Guidelines, recommendations
Legislation
Other
No implementation
Variations across the member StatesModels or clusters of Industrial
relations« North »Organise
d corporati
sm
« Centre »Social
partnership
« South »State
centred
« West »Liberal
« Transit »
Mixed
Union density (%) 74.7 35.4 20.2 33.9 22.8
Centralisation 0.476 0.538 0.378 0.370 0.318
Bargaining coverage (%) 86.8 82.8 75.4 35.3 34.5
Employer density 58.0 72.7 65.8 47.5 28.4
Sectoral organisation (0-2) 2.0 1.8 1.2 0.5 0.7
Employee representation 2.0 2.0 1.6 0.8 0.9
Concertation 1.3 1.4 1.0 0.5 0.8
EU Support tools
EU exchanges – link between european and nationalLevels – Expertise, information, training
Budget lines 04.03.03.01 and 04.03.03.02
EU exchanges – link between european and nationalLevels – Expertise, information, training
Budget lines 04.03.03.01 and 04.03.03.02
National capacity reinforcementESF – Article 5.3
http://ec.europa.eu/employment_social/esf/index_en.htm
National capacity reinforcementESF – Article 5.3
http://ec.europa.eu/employment_social/esf/index_en.htm
More Information … EUROPA website for social dialogue
http://ec.europa.eu/socialdialogue
More Information … EUROPA website for social dialogue
http://ec.europa.eu/socialdialogue
European Commission