The European system of industrial relations:

multi-level deliberative governance

Christian WelzEuropean Foundation _ Dublin

The European system of IR

Intersectoral social dialogue

Sectoral socialdialogue

EWCsIFAs_EFAs

SEs

Cross industry

Sectoral

Company

national social dialogue

Intersectoral social dialogue

actors: BUSINESSEUROPE, UEAPME, CEEP, ETUC, Eurocadres/CEC

processes: art. 138 and 139 EC

outcomes: agreements

a) parental leave, part-time work, fixed-term work

> transposed by directive

b) telework, stress at work, violence and harassment

> autonomous agreements transposed by social partners

Votre présentationSectoral social dialogue

actors: 12 European Industry Federations53 Employers organisations

36 Sectoral Social Dialogue Committees

processes: art. 138 and 139 EC

outcomes: more than 300 texts

6 agreements

e.g. working time in the civil aviation (directive 2000/79/EC, 27.11. 2000, OJ L 302, 01.12.2000:37)

36 Sectoral Social Dialogue Committees

- Agriculture- Audiovisual- Banking - Catering- Chemicalindustry-Civil aviation (2000)- CleaningIndustry- Commerce-Construction-Electricity- Extractive -Industry-Football

- Footwear- Furniture- Gas- Horeca- Hospitals- Inland Waterways- Insurance- Local and regional Government- Personal services- Postal services- Private security- Railways- Road transport

- Sea fisheries- Sea Transport- Shipbuilding- Steel- Sugar- Tanning and leather- Telecommunications- Temporary agency work- Texti le and clothing- Woodworking

pending :

- automotive industry- non-ferrous metals

Votre présentationSectoral social dialogue – civil aviation

Trade unions

- ETF (European Transport Workers' Federation) - ECA (European Cockpit Association)

Employers

- AEA (Association of European Airlines) - CANSO (Civil Air Navigation Services Organisation) - ERA (European Regions Airlines Association)- ACI (Airports Council International)- IACA (International Air Carrier Association)

Outcomes- e.g. Joint CANSO-ETF statement for the second Single European Sky

package 28/02/2008

Votre présentationSocial dialogue at company level

European Works Councils (2008)

Votre présentationInternational and European Framework

Agreements

actors: MNC, GUFs > IFAs

MNC, EIF and or EWCs > EFAs

process: no legal framework at EU or international level

outcomes: 72 IFAs

73 EFAs

International Framework Agreements in 10/08

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18CA AU NZ ZA RU CZ PT BE DK NO LU IT ES SE NL FR DE

Eurofound 2008

European Framework Agreements in 10/08

Eurofound 2008

73 EFAs

• - 52 co-signed by an EWC

• - 42 signed by an EWC only

• - 10 co-signed with EIF

• - 3 co-signed with national TU

• - leader: France

• - with 38 EFAs in 14 companies- Suez (5), Air France/KLM (4), Vivendi (3),

Total (3)

Content of EFAs

0 5 10 15 20 25

CSR

Training

Equal opportunities

Sub-contracting

Financial participation

Fundamental rights

Other

Data protection

HRM + Social Management

H&S

Social dialogue

Restructuring

Company

Country(Head-quarters)

Sector Employees ThemesSignatory parties on the employee side

Date

Air France / KLM France Transport 102.500

HRM: Mobility N.A. 2000

HRM: Sales and marketing staff

N.A. 2000

Financial participation (interessement)

18 French unions 2005

Financial participation (participation)

18 French unions 2005

Training EWC 2007

Allianz Germany Finance, insurance

173.000 Fundamental rights

SNB (SE), UNI Finance Europa

2006

Arcelor (Usinor)

France Steel Industry 320.000 H&S EWC 2002

Arcelor Luxembourg Steel Industry 320.000 H&S EWC 2004

Areva France Metal, energy 58.000 Equal opportunities

EMF 2006

Axa FranceFinance, Insurance

112.000Social dialogue and Restructuring

UNI (mandated by 18 unions of 8 countries), 5 French unions

2005

Bouygues FranceUtilities, construction & telecom

122.000 CSREWC, French WC, ETUC, CEC 2001

Daimler Chrysler

Germany Automotive industry

372.000 Social dialogue EWC (also on behalf of EMF)

2006

Danone France Food and Drink 100.000 Restructuring EWC 2001

Deutsche Bank Germany Banking 75.000Restructuring:Management of change

EWC 2004

Dexia Belgium Finance 25.000Social management EWC 2002

DiageoUnited Kingdom Food and Drink 22.000 Restructuring EWC 2002

EADS Netherlands Aerospace 110.000 Restructuring EWC 2006

Club Mediterra-née

France Leisure 20.000 Restructuring:Sub-contracting

EWC 2001

ENI Italy Energy 70.000 H&S EMCEF, 3 Italian unions

1996

Level linkages

Intersectoral social dialogue

Sectoral socialdialogue

EWCsIFAs_EFAs

SEs

Cross industry

Sectoral

Company

national social dialogue

Votre présentation

growing interaction between:

a) intersectoral and sectoral dialogue in both directions

- telework sectoral > intersect.- violence & harassment intersect. > sectoral

- towards soft law outcomes

a) between the sectors

- crystalline sillica (15 sect. EMP and 2 EIF)- best value codes (textiles, cleaning, private security, catering)

Level linkages at EU level

Votre présentationLevel linkages at EU level

c) sectoral and company level

- EIF = important actors at both levels- similar topics in European sectoral dialogue and EFAs

~ social dialogue, health and safety- crystalline sillica > more multi-sectoral agreements ?

d) company > company

- EWC agreements important mutual learning exercise > EFAs

Votre présentationLevel linkages: EU > national level

a) intersectoral and national level

- soft versus hard law implementation

- autonomy vs. heteronomy

Level linkages: EU > national level

b) EU sectoral and national sectoral level

- multi-actor and -level diversity

- coordination with national members

~ heterogeneity of perimeters~ heterogeneity of roles

defining a common interest not only represents a difficulty between TU and EMP, but

also involves much intra-organisational negotiation

Votre présentation

c) company level and (trans)national impacts

Level linkages: EU > national level

9%

31%

46%

14%

resp. of entire supplychainno mention ofsuppliers/subcontr.inform suppliers

resp. of suppliers

Inclusion of suppliers &subcontractors in the application of IFAs

Votre présentationConclusions

a) social dialogue at intersectoral and sectoral level

cornerstone of the EU system of industrial relationscornerstone of the EU system of industrial relations

established actors at intersectoral level ‘moving’ actors at sectoral level solid legal framework (art. 138/139 EC)

multi-level and multi-actor politity deliberative, mutual learning processes shift towards soft law outcomes growing synergies and level linkages at EU level

certain linkage gaps between EU and national level

Votre présentationConclusions

b) transnational dialogue at company level

stable actors on EMP side, variable on TU side (GUF, EIF, EWC, nat.TU, nat. WC)

no legal framework at international or EU level limited impact on suppliers and subsidiaries limited impact beyond Europe

IFAs/EFAs reflect traditions of European IR

concentrated in social market economies with collective interest representation

Votre présentationFurther information

http://www.eurofound.europa.eu

christian.welz@eurofound.europa.eu