Induction of adaptive immunity Differentiation of Th Cytokines Cell-mediated immunity
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Transcript of Induction of adaptive immunity Differentiation of Th Cytokines Cell-mediated immunity
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Induction of adaptive immunity
Differentiation of Th
Cytokines
Cell-mediated immunity
Humoral immunity
Immunological memory
Immune effector
function
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Gene rearranged receptors: TCR/BCR
Foreign Ags……….
對外
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Adaptive immunity
1. Antigen specificity
2. Diversity
3. Immunological memory
4. Self tolerance
Four characteristics
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Clonal selection Immune diversity
Antigenspecificity Diversity Memory
Central tolerance Peripheral tolerance
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Sites ofeffector function
Primary (Central): Bone marrow 骨髓 Thymus 胸腺 Secondary (Pheripheral): Lymph nodes 淋巴結 Spleen 脾臟 Peyer’s patches
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Lymph node distribution in the body
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Ag Innate Adaptive
Extracellular Phagocytes B cells
Intracellular NK CD8 Tc cells(Altered self)
Immunity & Ag location
Cytotoxicity
CD4 Th
Humoral response
Cell-mediated immunity (CMI)
1
2
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Phagocytes
Antigen-Presenting Cells (APC)
B/T cells
Lymphocyte activationClonal selectionHumoral Imm/CMIMemory
Inflammatory site
Inflammation
Inflammatorysite
Lymph node
Induction of adaptive immunity
Dendritic cells (DC)
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Lymph node
DC
T
HEV
T cell activation
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Induction of adaptive immunity
Differentiation of CD4 Th
Cytokines
Cell-mediated immunity
Humoral immunity
Immunological memory
Immune effector
function
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Naïve, activated, effector
Humoral immunityCell-mediated immunity (CMI)
Act
ivat
ion
Eff
ecto
r
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Three signals in naïve T cell activation
PrimingThe activation and differentiation of naïve T cells
Costimulation
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Professional APC
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Ag & MHC presentation pathways
DC/Macrophages/B cells
Foreignor
Self Ag
Signal 1
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Signal 2
Signal 2 alone
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CD4 T cell activation
IL2 production
Clonal expansion
Signal 1+2
IL2R
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Professional APC
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Lack of signal 2 upon T cell activation
Peripheral tolerance
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Negativeregulation of signal 2
upon T cell activation
Peripheral tolerance
Inhibition of activated T cells
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CD4 T cell differentiation
CMI: CD8 T Humoral response
Th17
Promote local inflammation
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Signal 3: cytokine
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Induction of adaptive immunity
Differentiation of Th
Cytokines
Cell-mediated immunity
Humoral immunity
Immunological memory
Immune effector
function
Effector response
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Innate immunity
Activation
Effectorphase
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IL6Chemokines
Amplifier of acute Inflammation
(local site, BM)
Recruitment of neutrophils
Activation of macrophages
Expression of antimicrobial peptides
IL17
Ubiquitous expression of IL17R: fibroblasts, epithelial cells, keratinocytes, etc.
Rapid T cell response to infection: Th17
G-CSFGM-CSF
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CD4 T cell differentiation
CD8 T
CMI
Humoralimmunity
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CMI: Macrophages activated by Th1
APC activation
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Cytotoxic granules
CMI:
CD8Tcytotoxic response
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Membrane effector molecule
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Effector T cells
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Induction of adaptive immunity
Differentiation of Th
Cytokines
Cell-mediated immunity
Humoral immunity
Immunological memory
Immune effector
function
Effector response
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Effector Th2 cells
Humoral immunity:B cell response
B cells as APC
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Affinity maturation
2. Somatic hypermutation
1. Isotype switching
3. Memory
CD4T-dependent:
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Effector responseCD4 Th17, Th1/ Th2CD8 TcB cells
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Induction of adaptive immunity
Differentiation of Th
Cytokines
Cell-mediated immunity
Humoral immunity
Immunological memory
Immune effector
function
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Adaptiveimmunity
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Protective immunity & time
Apoptosis of effectors
Memory cells:long-lived