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InductionYusuf AliAleks IricaninJonathan Odjo

BY:Essential questionEssential question: How does induction impact what you believe in or your own personal beliefs?

i. Nonfiction (history)a. The student will analyze and evaluate information from text features (e.g., glossary, index). LA.910.2.2.1b. The student will use information from the text to answer questions or to state the main idea or provide relevant details. LA.910.2.2.2c. The student will identify and analyze the characteristics of a variety of types of text. LA.910.2.2.4ii. Fiction (fables/myths, and Invention)a. The student will analyze and compare a variety of literary works. LA.910.2.1.2 II. AP Standards (AP Language and Composition Course description, pages 9-10)i. Course description detailsa. create and sustain arguments based on readings, research and/or personal experience;b. produce expository, analytical and argumentative compositions that introduce a complex central idea and develop it with appropriate evidence drawn from primary and/or secondary sources, cogent explanations and clear transitions Floridas Benchmarks: a. According to Harvard Universityb. --Inductive reasoning generalizes a conclusion from analogous facts (e.g. Every dog I see has four legs. Therefore all dogs have four legs). The rhetorical equivalent of inductive reasoning is the example. However, because of this generalization, your conclusion may not always be true or correct i.e., an injured dog may have only 3 legsExamples of induction

In math problems, Students are told to find x. Therefore they will find X.However! As said before, your conclusion may not always be true or correct, and this isnt what the test makers had in mind when they said find x.What did you learn?101010202020303030DefineExamplesPicturesJeopardy!GrandPrizeInduction is a method of generalization to all cases from the observation of particular cases. (narrow sense)

Induction: The operation of discovering and proving general propositions. This narrow sense was found in Aristotles definition, and also in the philosopher, John Stuart Mills account.

Induction: arguments that establish the truth of the conclusion as probable or probably true. Informally at least, and inductive argument claims its conclusion follows with some degree of probability.

Ex: A red-eyed fruit fly has RNA.A white-eyed fruit fly has RNA.A Hawaiian fruit fly has RNA.Therefore, all fruit flies have RNA.

Ex 2: All the great Greek philosophers wrote treatises on scienceAll philosophers named Aristotle wrote treatises on scienceTherefore Aristotle was a great Greek philosopher.

(A treatises is basically a formal exposition)

Difference between Induction and DeductionDeduction is defined as an argument which purposes are claimed to provide final evidence in order to figure out its conclusion.

Ex: All men are mortalSocrates is a manTherefore, Socrates is mortal.

Ex 2: All organisms have RNAA fruit fly is an organismTherefore, a fruit fly has RNA

Aristotles logic & Logic todayFour laws of Aristotelian logic:1. The law of non-contradiction2. The law of Identity3. The law of excluded middle4. The law of rational inference from what is known to what is unknown

When Aristotle regarded to logic he called it: a basic study to all branches of knowledge He called it an instrument of study Many people, such as Alfred Weber named Aristotle the real founder of logic.Today the common definition of logic is: the branch of philosophy that analyzes inference.

Definition of inference: the reasoning involved in drawing a conclusion or making a logical judgment on the basis of circumstantial evidence and prior conclusions rather than on the basis of direct observation

Induction

Deduction

Congratulations!You have won theInduction Jeopardy!

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