Indoor Air Quality Update June 27, 2013. Indoor air quality reflects outdoor and indoor air...
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Transcript of Indoor Air Quality Update June 27, 2013. Indoor air quality reflects outdoor and indoor air...
Indoor Air Quality UpdateJune 27, 2013
ARB’s Indoor Air Quality Program
• Indoor air quality reflects outdoor and indoor air pollution sources
• Improving outdoor air quality reduces indoor pollution
• Indoor sources alone can cause poor indoor air quality
• ARB’s Indoor Program includes research and mitigation
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Indoor Air Quality Authority
• No federal or State agency has full authority – Several agencies have some authority
• ARB’s indoor air quality authority– Ozone from indoor air cleaners
– Use Toxic Air Contaminant Program authority
– Consumer Products Program• Focus is on outdoor air quality standards
• Benefits to indoor air quality
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Indoor Program Research: Focus on Children, Homes and Schools
2010Daycare Centers, Ventilation & Filtration
1990s Children’s Exposures,Formaldehyde Emissions
2000 Schools, New Homes, Air Cleaners
1980sActivity Patterns,Indoor Toxics
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The Indoor Environment
• Majority of time spent indoors
• Indoor sources include building materials and combustion appliances
87%
6% 7%
Californians’ Time
Indoors Outdoors
In-vehicle5
Home Indoor EnvironmentIs Key for Children
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0 to 2 3 to 5 6 to 11 Adults & Teens
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
Age Group (yr)
Percent Time
Indoors at
Home
Health Issues
• More asthma triggers• Cancer risk• Particulate pollution
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Reducing Indoor Exposures
Indoor Emissions Reduction
Building Ventilation
Air Filtration
Ozone-Generating Air
Cleaners
Formaldehyde Exposure
High Efficiency Filtration
Program Highlights
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Progress with Ozone- Generating Air Cleaners10
Research Found High Ozone from Air “Cleaners” • ARB studies showed need for regulation • Air “cleaners” generated ozone – Air quality standards exceeded– One model generated ozone over
twice the Stage 1 Smog Alert level• Survey showed air cleaners
often purchased by thosemost vulnerable
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• AB 2276 gave ARB authority to limit ozone from indoor air cleaners
• ARB regulation requires:–Meet ozone concentration limit < 50 ppb–Certification & labeling
2007 Board Action
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Progress in Implementation
ARB certification program ongoing
Over 900 compliant models available
Federal action needed to address Internet sales and effectiveness claims
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Progress in Reducing Formaldehyde Exposure 14
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ARB Study: High Formaldehyde Emissions Prompted ARB Action
Bare UF Particle Board
Fiberglass Insulation
PF Plywood Paper Bag0
200
400
600508
32 8 1
Measured Formaldehyde Emission Rates from Products
µg/m
2/hr
Field Studies Found Elevated Formaldehyde
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2004Classrooms
Study
• Formaldehyde• Ventilation
issues
2009New Homes
Study
• Formaldehyde• Inadequate
ventilation
2012Daycare
Centers Study
• Formaldehyde• Other pollutants
ARB’s Composite Wood Regulation
• Hardwood plywood• Particleboard• Medium density fiberboard
Limits formaldehyde emissions from:
ARB estimated 58% maximum reduction in formaldehyde concentration (Phase 2)
U.S. EPA’s proposal aligns with ARB’s emission limits
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California’s Green Building Standards• Building Standards Commission & Housing and
Community Development Department adopted standards
• CalGreen limits formaldehyde and other VOC emissions from:– Carpets– Vinyl flooring– Insulation– Other building materials
• Complements ARB’s regulation18
Mitigation Research: High Efficiency Filtration 19
• Title 24 (Energy Code) requires whole-house mechanical ventilation to increase air exchange
– Continuous exhaust systems most common
– No filtration of incoming outdoor air required
• Possible mitigation strategy near high traffic areas and in high PM areas
Need to Reduce Indoor Exposure to Outdoor Pollutants
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Current ARB Filtration Studies
• Assess potential for high efficiency filtration to reduce indoor exposures
• Filtration with Mechanical Ventilation– Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
– Completion: 2015
• Asthma and Exposure– University of California, Davis
– Completion: 2016
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LBNL Study of Filtration with Mechanical Ventilation• Study to test 7 combined systems for:– Reduction of indoor exposure to outdoor pollutants– Energy efficiency
• Each combination to betested across 2 seasons
• Measure indoor and outdoor PM2.5, ultrafine particles, ozone, VOCs, BC, & NO2
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Goal of LBNL Study
• Results expected to provide guidance for:– Title 24 amendments for new homes– State building codes for home retrofits
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UCD Asthma and Exposure Study
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How much does high efficiency
filtration reduce indoor exposures to outdoor PM,
and asthma symptoms?
Homes of 200 children with asthma, ages 6-12
Test central filtration & portable air cleaners
Pollutant concentrations: PM0.2, PM2.5, PM10, BC, NO2, O3
Asthma measurements and symptom diaries
1 year intervention
Goal of UCD Study
• Guidance on filtration improvements for existing homes that:–Reduce indoor exposures
to indoor and outdoor PM–Reduce children’s asthma
symptoms
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Summary
• ARB’s research identified indoor air quality issues and solutions
• Public health benefits achievedthrough ARB regulations and actions by other agencies
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