Indoor Air Quality

What is Air Quality?

Air quality consists of indoor air quality inside our houses and Offices and out side air present in our environment.

• indoor air is often two to five times more polluted than out door air

• People spend up to 90% of their time indoors hence the health risks surpass the risks related to outdoor air contamination.

This means that the concentration of gases and pollutants inside is far higher than the outdoor atmosphere. This can lead to two Problems:

1) Sick Building Syndrome

2) Corrosion of Sensitive/Critical Equipment.

Objectives of Air Quality Monitoring

• Background Data• Status and Trend

Evaluation• Environment Exposure

Level Determination• Scavenging Behavior of

Environment• Air Quality Management

What is Air Pollution?

Pollutant Harmful to Why?

Carbon dioxide Environment

Nitrogen oxides Environment + humans

Sulfur dioxide Environment

Particulates (e.g. Smoke)

Environment + humans

Carbon momoxide Humans

A greenhouse gas that causes global warming

Causes acid rain and makes asthma/breathing problems worse

Causes acid rain

Makes buildings dirty and makes asthma worse

Displaces oxygen in red blood cells that can result in death

Regulating Bodies

Air quality data generated by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) for 2007 under the National Air Quality Monitoring Programme (NAMP) 

The most widely monitored pollutants in India are

• particulate matter (PM)• nitrogen dioxide (NO2)• sulphur dioxide (SO2)• carbon monoxide.

India has the most toxic air: Study

Effect on humans

• VOCs -benzene and CO -extremely harmful to humans as well as animals.

• cases of asthma, bronchitis and other respiratory problems shoot up

• In India half a million children die annually from indoor air pollution due to acute respiratory infections

Any Solution???

• Mass Rapid Transport System [MRTS] with feeder services -reduce SPM concentration.

• The MRTS -solution for fuel consumption and alternate fuel for automobiles.

Sick building syndrome (SBS)

Non-specific, building-related symptoms

No control over the working environment.

Nature and symptoms of SBS

Symptoms :

Headaches ,Fatigue etc etc associated with certain types of buildings more likely to occur in buildings with

air-conditioning and automated heating and ventilation systems

Symptoms of Sick Building Syndrome

Indoor Air quality monitory?

It is not mandatory to do IAQ but according to Global Practices by MNC’s it should be done Quarterly if quality of air is extremely poor in that case it can done monthly too .

What is Outdoor Air Quality:

It is the introduction of chemicals, particulate matter, or biological materials that cause harm

Outdoor Air Pollutants can be classified as:

Primary pollutants

Secondary pollutants : eg)ozone 

Monitoring Outdoor Air Quality

Is Mandatory to do Out door Air quality monitory?

not mandatory to do OAQ but according to Global Practices by MNC’s it should be done Quarterly

How to Monitor Indoor Air Quality?

IAQ Analysis can be done using 2 methods• Air Sampler Method:• Instant Air Quality Method

Number of Parameters used for IAQ/OAQ :

Parameters:• Carbon Dioxide• Carbon Monoxide• Nitrogen Dioxide• Sulphur Dioxide• Total Volatile Organic Compounds• Relative Humidity• Hydrogen Sulphide• Temperature• Oxygen• Ozone• Ammonia• Air Velocity • Formaldehyde

Greenhouse Gases

Reasons for High Air Pollution in India

1. Poor Quality of Fuel

2. Old Process Technology

3. Wrong Sitting of Industries

4. No Pollution Preventive Step in Early Stage of Industrialization

5. Poor Vehicle Design

6. Uncontrolled Growth of Vehicle Population

7. No Pollution Prevention and Control System in Small/ Medium Scale Industry

8. Poor Compliance of Standard in Small/Medium Scale Industries

NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS (NAAQS)

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