1

SEMINAR

STATISTICS CAPACITY BUILDING PROGRAM

ON TOURISM STATISTICS FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC 2010-2012

Bangkok, Thailand, 5-9 March 2012

Ministry of Tourism and

Creative Economic Bank Indonesia

Statistics Indonesia

INDONESIA TOURISM SATELLITE ACCOUNT

NERACA SATELIT PARIWISATA NASIONAL

(NESPARNAS)

BACKGROUND

• Indonesia, as one of tourism destination in the world

has many potential tourism attractions.

• The aim of tourism is to promote the tourism sector

as a primary source of revenue and create more job

opportunity

• Tourism is a multi-sector activity which deal with

economy. arts. culture and environment

2

WHY WE NEED TSA ?

Tourism is one of example of economic sectors that

are not defined as industries in national account. It

is an amalgam of industries such as transportation,

accommodation, food and beverages services and

other.

A Satellite Account is a term developed by UN to

measures the size of economic sectors that are not

defined as industries in national account. Therefore

we need TSA, to measure the size or contribution of

tourism in an economy.

THE ROLE OF TOURISM IN THE ECONOMY

From the 3 points of view

A. TOURISM IN THE PRODUCTION SECTOR (GDP)

1. Agriculture

3. Manufacturing 4. Utility 5. Construction 6. Trade. Hotel. and

Restaurant 7. Transportation/communication

9. Services 8. Finance

2. Mining

1. Wages & Salaries 2. Profits 3. Property income 4. Taxes 5. Depreciation

B. TOURISM IN INCOME (GDI)

1

6 5

4 9

8 7

3 2

C. TOURISM IN CONSUMPTION AND

INVESTMENT

4. Export 3. Investment 2. Government consumption 1. Household consumption

5. Import

T S A

Expenditure

Sector

Income

Sub Account

1

2

3

4

5

1

2 3

4

5

3

STAGES IN COMPILING TSA

FORMULATE GENERAL FRAME WORK

OF T S A

DETERMINE VARIABLES

COMPILE THE FLOW OF ACTIVITY

DISCUSS ON CONCEPT. DEFINITION. CLASSIFICATION

AND METHODOLOGY

IDENTIFYING. COLLECTING.

PROCESSING DATA. BASIC TABULATION

DECIDE THE PRIORITY

SIMULATION & COMPILING

T S A

SEMINAR ANALYSE

INTER-INSTITUTIONAL PLATFORM

• Statistics-Indonesia (BPS/NSO)

- Compiling tourism statistics

- Compiling I-O table and national/regional accounts

• Ministry of Tourism and Economic Creative (NTA)

- Organizing the primary data sources

• Central Bank of Indonesia (BI)

- compiling balance of payments

4

INFORMATION ON I-TSA COVER :

1) Economic profile of tourism sector

2) Tourist expenditure structure and its magnitude

3) Structure of tourism related sector

4) Structure of employment and its share on national

labor force

5) Contribution of tourism sector on national economy

•Tourist expenditures (inbound, outbound, and domestic) •Tourism promotion by private and government •Capital formation of tourism by private and government

Goods and services consumed by tourist, such as: Hotel Restaurant Transportation Travel bureau Etc.

Demand Supply

5

DOMESTIC TOURISM

Indonesia resident who travels voluntarily within

Indonesia territory outside his/her usual environment. less

than 6 (six) months and his/her purpose of travel is not for

studying or earning wages and salaries in the place

visited, and he/she

Travels to commercial tourism object, and or

Stays in hotel or commercial accommodation, and or

The distance of round trip is equal or more than 100km

INBOUND TOURIST

Recommendation of WTO and IUOTO

any person visiting a country (Indonesia) other than that

in which he/she has usual place of residence for any

reason other than following an occupation remunerated

from within the country visited (Indonesia) and length of

stay in place visited less than 12 months with the purpose

of visit among others are for: holiday. business. health.

education. mission/meeting/congress. visiting friends or

relatives. religion. sport. and others.

6

OUTBOUND TOURIST

Indonesia resident who going abroad other than following

an occupation remunerated within the country visited. and

staying not more than 12 (twelve) months with the

purpose of visit among others are for: holiday. business.

health. education. mission/meeting/congress. visiting

friends or relatives. religion. sport. and others.

DATA SOURCES

Administrative Record for Inbound and Outbound Tourist

Number of foreign visitors (and national resident

abroad) and Indonesian residents going abroad

Passenger Exit Survey (PES)

Average expenditure and consumption pattern of

inbound tourist

Conducted twice a year (peak and low season)

Number of sample around 15,000 respondents

7

DATA SOURCES (CONTINUED)

Domestic Tourist survey

Estimate number of domestic tourist (conducted by

NSO every year)

Average expenditure and consumption pattern of

tourist (Conducted by NSO and NTA every three year)

Latest survey was in 2011 covering 6.000 households

(2012 still in progress)

Outbound Survey

Average expenditure of outbound tourist

Conducted by NTA

DATA SOURCES (CONTINUED)

Indonesia Up dating I-O Table 2008

Latest one is I-O table 2000

Now NSO is compiling Table I-O 2010 (still in progress)

Other sources

Secondary data: investment. labor force

8

METHODOLOGY

The methodology proposed by UNWTO(TSA : RMF 2008):

1. Direct Effect

2. Indirect and induced effect:

Model based on Input-Output analysis

Computable Equilibrium Models

Multipliers

ECONOMIC IMPACT OF TOURISM

Use I-O model to measure economic impact of tourism

Expenditures (tourists, capital formation and tourism

development made by government and private) treated

as final demand in I-O framework

Each expenditure is reclassified following sectoral I-O

classification

Economic impact:

Impact of tourism in generating sectoral value of

production, GDP, wages & salaries, indirect taxes and

employment

9

CALCULATION/FORMULA

a. Impact of Tourism on OUTPUT

Xi= ( I - Ad)-1 . Ci

where :

Xi = Output that generated by tourism consumption

( I - Ad)-1 = Invers Matrices (Leontif matrices) as regression

coeff. in the model

Ci = Tourism consumption, covers 1) inbound, 2)

outbound, 3) domestics, 4) tourism investment,

and 5) government expenditure for tourism

b. Impact of Tourism on GDP

Vi= v( I - Ad)-1 . Ci

where:

Vi = GDP that generated by tourism consumption

v = diagonal matrices of GDP coefficient, that is ratio

of GDP to output

( I - Ad)-1 = Invers of matrices (Leontif matrices) as a

regression coeff. in the model

Ci = Tourism consumption, covers 1) inbound, 2)

outbound, 3) domestics, 4) tourism investment,

and 5) government expenditure for tourism

10

c. Impact of Tourism on Wages/salary

Wj= w( I - Ad)-1 . Ci

where:

Wj = Wages/salary that generated by tourism

consumption

w = diagonal matrices of wages coefficient, that is

ratio of wages to output

( I - Ad)-1 = Invers of matrices (Leontif matrices) as a

regression coeff. in the model

Ci = Tourism consumption, covers 1) inbound, 2)

outbound, 3) domestics, 4) tourism investment,

and 5) government expenditure for tourism

d. Impact of Tourism on Indirect Taxes

Tj= t ( I - Ad)-1 . Ci

Where:

Tj = Indirect taxes that generated by tourism

consumption

t = diagonal matrices of taxes coefficient. that is ratio

of taxes to output

( I - Ad)-1 = Invers of matrices (Leontif matrices) as a

regression coeff. in the model

Ci = Tourism consumption, covers 1) inbound, 2)

outbound, 3) domestics, 4) tourism investment,

and 5) government expenditure for tourism

11

e. Impact of Tourism on Employment

Lj= l ( I - Ad)-1 . Ci

Where:

Lj = Labor Force that generated by tourism

consumption

l = diagonal matrices of labor force coefficient, that is

ratio of labor force to output

( I - Ad)-1 = Invers of matrices (Leontif matrices) as a

regression coeff. in the model

Ci = Tourism consumption, covers 1) inbound, 2)

outbound, 3) domestics, 4) tourism investment,

and 5) government expenditure for tourism

I-TSA TABLES

Tables presented in I-TSA are different from 10 tables

suggested by WTO, due to:

o Limitation of data sources in Indonesia

o Different classification of products on tourism

Ex: same day visitors data are not available separately

12

Table 1.Inbound Tourism Consumption by Product , 2010

(trillion Rupiah)

Products Inbound Tourist

(1) (2)

1. Hotel and Other Accommodation 29.27

2. Restaurant and its Similar 12.71

3. Domestic Transport 5.18

4. Travel Bureau. Tour Operator & Guide Service 1.57

5. Art. Culture. Recreation and Entertainment 4.29

6. Other Tourism Service 0.92

7. Souvenir 6.54

8. Health and Beauty 1.26

9. Non Food Product 5.34

10. Agricultural Product 1.29

Total

68.36

Number of trips (million people) 7.00.

Table 2. Domestic Tourism Consumption

by Product and ad hoc sets of residents visitors,

2010 (trillion rupiah)

Products

Resident

traveling within

Indonesia

Resident

traveling

abroad

(pre+post trip)

Total

(1) (3) (4) (5)

1. Hotel and Other Accomodation 16.77 0.04 16.81

2. Restaurant and its Similar 30.50 0.45 30.95

3. Domestic Transport 62.08 0.65 62.73

4. Travel Bureau. Tour Operator &

Guide Service 2.28 0.87 3.15

5. Art. Culture. Recreation and

Entertainment 2.89 - 2.89

6. Other Tourism Service 6.41 - 6.41

7. Souvenir 6.12 - 6.12

8. Health and Beauty 0.08 - 0.08

9. Non Food Product 19.05 1.18 20.22

10. Agricultural Product 4.25 - 4.25

Total

150.41 3.19 153.61

Number of trips (million people) 234.38 6.24

13

Table 3. Outbound Tourism Consumption by Product , 2010

(trillion rupiah)

Products Resident traveling

abroad

(1) (2)

1. Hotel and Other Accomodation 20.13

2. Restaurant and its Similar 8.45

3. Domestic Transport 3.04

4. Travel Bureau. Tour Operator & Guide Service 0.83

5. Art. Culture. Recreation and Entertainment 0.69

6. Other Tourism Service 1.03

7. Souvenir 4.56

8. Health and Beauty 4.68

9. Non Food Product 10.51

10. Agricultural Product 0.86

Total

54.75

Number of trips 6.24

Table 4. Internal Tourism Consumption by

Product and Type of Visitors, 2010 (trillion rupiah)

Products Inbound

tourism

Domestic

tourism

Total

(1) (2) (3) (4)

1. Hotel and Other Accomodation 29.27 16.81 46.08

2. Restaurant and its Similar 12.71 30.95 43.66

3. Domestic Transport 5.18 62.73 67.91

4. Travel Bureau. Tour Operator & Guide

Service 1.57 3.15 4.73

5. Art. Culture. Recreation and Entertainment 4.29 2.89 7.18

6. Other Tourism Service 0.92 6.41 7.32

7. Souvenir 6.54 6.12 12.66

8. Health and Beauty 1.26 0.08 1.34

9. Non Food Product 5.34 20.22 25.56

10. Agricultural Product 1.29 4.25 5.53

Total 68.36 153.61 221.97

14

Table 5. Gross Fixed Capital Formation Related to Tourism

by Kind of Capital Good (trillion Rp), 2010

Capital Goods Total Distr (%)

1. Hotel & Other Accom. 15.44 17.59

2. Rest & Its Similar Constr. 8.01 9.12

3. Building for cultural serv. . trade centre and similar 12.00 13.68

4. Sport. Rect & Entr Constr. 8.80 10.03

5. Infrastructure (road. bridge. port) 14.14 16.11

6. Others Construction 5.05 5.76

7. Machinery and Equipment 5.56 6.34

8. Transport Equipment 14.46 16.48

9. Other Capital 4.30 4.89

Total 87.76 100.00

Table 6. Government Expenditure for Tourism Promotion and

Development by Kind of Activity, 2010 (trillion rupiah)

Kind of Activity Expenditure Distribution (%)

1. Tourism Promotion 1.04 16.07

2. Planning & Coord. of Tourism

Development 1.66 25.78

3. Compiling Stat & Stat Inf 1.00 15.47

4. Research & Development 1.35 21.00

5. Implementation & Ser. Tourism

Information 0.85 13.22

6. Security & Safety of Tourist 0.18 2.77

7. Supervision & Regulation 0.21 3.30

8. Others 0.15 2.38

Total 6.44 100.00

15

Table 7. Economic Impact of Tourism Sector, 2010(trillion rupiah)

No. Economic Sector

Tourist exp.

Gov.exp, and

invest

Impact on

Output GDP Wages/

Salaries Taxes

Employ-

ment

(thous.)

1. Agricultural 1.89 40.19 26.25 6.53 0.49 2.19

2. Mining and Quarrying 0.00 15.74 12.74 2.22 0.52 0.07

3. Manufacturing 69.37 171.13 68.07 20.21 3.04 1.24

4. Elect.. Gas & Water 0.01 4.33 1.60 1.10 0.19 0.01

5. Construction 63.44 67.72 24.59 9.14 0.89 0.52

6. Trade 0.00 29.30 15.65 4.44 0.58 0.80

7. Restaurant 46.62 50.07 21.65 7.63 0.97 0.54

8. Hotel 37.88 38.33 22.78 8.03 1.02 0.28

9. Land Transport 29.72 36.50 14.58 6.65 0.31 0.75

10. Water Transport 6.95 8.51 2.68 0.98 0.08 0.12

11. Air Transport 38.68 40.91 12.49 5.83 0.46 0.14

12. Services allied to

trans. 4.35 9.73 5.54 2.20 0.11 0.13

13. Communication 3.36 7.57 5.91 1.19 0.05 0.06

14. Other Services 15.04 45.14 26.54 8.64 0.66 0.58

Total of Tourism 317.30 565.15 261.06 84.80 9.35 7.44

Total of Economy 11.956.62 6.422.92 1.831.09 225.10 108.21

Share of Tourism 4.73 4.06 4.63 4.16 6.87

Tabel 8. Contribution of tourism in economic structure

and labor force, 2010

No. Economic Sector

Output Value Added / GDP Labor Force

Total

(trillion Rp)

% of

Tourism

Total

(trillion Rp) % of Tourism

Total

(million

people)

% of Tourism

1. Agricultural 1.356.39 2.96 985.14 2.66 41.49 5.28

2. Mining and Quarrying 868.93 1.81 716.39 1.78 1.25 5.56

3. Manufacturing 4.090.14 4.18 1.594.33 4.27 13.82 8.99

4. Elect.. Gas & Water 133.05 3.25 50.04 3.20 0.23 5.21

5. Construction 1.481.54 4.57 660.97 3.72 5.59 9.35

6. Trade 1.131.67 2.59 702.28 2.23 12.67 6.28

7. Restaurant 387.96 12.91 154.89 13.98 6.58 8.16

8. Hotel 48.92 78.36 23.94 95.13 3.22 8.80

9. Land Transport 7.04 74.26 2.19 71.63 0.75 12.12

10. Water Transport 289.33 10.81 118.82 10.95 3.37 19.42

11. Air Transport 81.92 10.39 23.05 11.64 0.22 51.38

12. Services allied to trans. 117.29 34.87 33.99 36.75 0.28 50.56

13. Communication 71.36 13.63 33.72 16.44 0.75 17.70

14. Other Services 214.33 3.53 205.69 2.87 0.27 22.31

15. Economic Sector 1.676.75 2.69 1.117.47 2.37 17.70 3.31

Jumlah 11.956.62 4.73 6.422.92 4.06 108.21 6.87

16

Table 9. Economic Impact of Tourism. 2010 (Summary) Output

(trillion Rp)

GDP

(trillion Rp)

Wages/

Salaries

(trillion Rp)

Indirect Taxes

(trillion Rp)

Employ-

ment

(million

people)

A. Total Economy 11.956.62 6.422.92 1.831.09 225.10 108.21

B. Total of Tourism Impact 565.15 261.06 84.80 9.35 7.44

1. Inbound Tourist 123.48 60.41 19.27 2.35 1.97

2. Domestic Tourist 265.31 123.83 40.65 4.29 3.78

3. (Pre+Post) Trip

Outbound 7.85 3.59 1.17 0.14 0.11

4. Investment 157.48 67.65 21.76 2.39 1.43

5. Promotion 11.03 5.58 1.94 0.18 0.15

C. Tourism Share (%) 4.73 4.06 4.63 4.16 6.87

1. Inbound Tourist 1.03 0.94 1.05 1.05 1.82

2. Domestic Tourist 2.22 1.93 2.22 1.91 3.50

3. (Pre+Post) Trip

Outbound 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.10

4. Investment 1.32 1.05 1.19 1.06 1.32

5. Promotion 0.09 0.09 0.11 0.08 0.13

ECONOMIC IMPACT OF TOURISM 2010

Inbound

Consumption

(68.36)

Tourism investment

(87.76)

Domestic

consumption

(150.41)

I-O

Multiplier

Matrix

Impact on Output

(565.15)

Impact on GDP

(261.06)

Impact on

Employment

(7.44)

Impact on Indirect

Taxes (9.35)

Impact on

Wages/Salary

(84.80)

ECONOMIC IMPACT

TABLE I-O 2008

UPDATING

GDP

(6,422.92)

Total

Employment

(108.21)

Total wages

(1,831.09)

Total Indirect

Taxes (225.10)

Government exp

on tourism (6.44)

Outbound

consumption

(pre+post) (3.19)

Total Ouput (11.956.62)

4.73 %

4.06 %

6.87 %

4.63 %

4.16 % • The figure is in trillion rupiah , except

for employment in million people

17