Indonesian

Architecture

Presented by

Amaller, Leomel

Salcedo, Jet

Garcia, Angelica

Mogato, Krishna

Monasterio, Cristelle

Pillora, Mary Hope

Arch 3A

INDONESIA

Capital: Jakarta

Form of government: Elected Legislature and President

Indonesia is a country with a vast natural beauty stretching fromSabang to Merauke. It is a sovereign state in Southeast Asia andOceania and is an archipelago comprising 13,466 islands. Itencompasses 33 provinces and 1 Special Administrative Region (forbeing governed by a pre-colonial monarchy) with over 238 millionpeople, making it the world's fourth most populous country.

introduction

Indonesia consists of hundreds of distinct

native ethnic and linguistic groups.

A shared identity has developed, defined by a national language, ethnic diversity, religious pluralism within a majority Muslim population, and a history of colonialism and rebellion against it.

Despite its large population and densely populated regions, Indonesia has vast areas of wilderness that support the world's second highest level of biodiversity. The country has abundant natural resources, yet poverty remains widespread.

Javanese – largest – and politically dominant – ethnic group

Motto: "Bhinneka Tunggal Ika" ("Unity in Diversity" literally, "many, yet one"), articulates the diversity that shapes the country

introduction

The Architecture of Indonesia reflects the diversity of cultural,historical and geographic influences that have shaped Indonesiaas a whole. Invaders, colonizers, missionaries, merchants andtraders brought cultural changes that had a profound effect onbuilding styles and techniques. Traditionally, the most significantforeign influence has been Indian. However, Chinese, Arab—and since the 18th and 19th centuries—European influenceshave played significant roles too in shaping Indonesianarchitecture.

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Architecture of

Indonesia

materials

Brick

Timber/Hard Wood/Worok Wood

Bamboo Coconut TrunkSugar Palm Leaves

materials

Alang-alang Grass

Rice Straw

Coconut Fiber

The climate of Indonesia is almost entirely tropical.Temperature varies little from season to season, andIndonesia experiences relatively little change in the lengthof daylight hours from one season to the next; thedifference between the longest day and the shortestday of the year is only forty-eight minutes. This allowscrops to be grown all year round.

climate

Influence to Architecture

Row houses, canals and enclosed solid walls - first thought asprotection against tropical diseases coming from tropical air, yearslater the Dutch learnt to adapt their architectural style with localbuilding features (long eaves, verandahs, porticos, large windowsand ventilation openings)

The sharply inclined roof allows the heavy tropical rain to quicklysheet off, and large overhanging eaves keep water out of thehouse and provide shade in the heat. In hot and humid-low lyingcoastal regions, homes can have many windows providing goodcross-ventilation, whereas in cooler mountainous interior areas,homes often have a vast roof and few windows.

climate

Influence to Architecture

The Indo-European hybrid villa of the 19th century was among thefirst colonial buildings to incorporate Indonesian architecturalelements and attempt adapting to the climate. The basic form,such as the longitudinal organizations of spaces and use of jogloand limasan roof structures, was Javanese, but incorporatedEuropean decorative elements such as neo-classical columnsaround deep verandahs.

climate

Indonesia is an archipelagic island country in Southeast Asia, lyingbetween the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. It is in a strategiclocation astride or along major sea lanes from Indian Ocean to PacificOcean. The country's variations in culture have been shaped—although not specifically determined—by centuries of complexinteractions with the physical environment. Although Indonesians arenow less vulnerable to the effects of nature as a result of improvedtechnology and social programs, to some extent their social diversityhas emerged from traditionally different patterns of adjustment totheir physical circumstances.

geography

Influence to Architecture

Building houses off the ground allows breezes to moderate the hottropical temperatures; it elevates the dwelling above storm waterrunoff and mud; it allows houses to be built on rivers and wetlandmargins; it keeps people, goods and food from dampness andmoisture; lifts living quarters above malaria-carrying mosquitos;and reduces the risk of dry rot and termites.

The sharply inclined roof allows the heavy tropical rain to quicklysheet off, and large overhanging eaves keep water out of thehouse and provide shade in the heat.

geography

Influence to Architecture

In hot and humid low-lying coastal regions, homes can have manywindows providing good cross-ventilation, whereas in coolermountainous interior areas, homes often have a vast roof and fewwindows. Traditional buildings in Indonesia are built on stilts withoversized saddle roofs which have been the home of the Batak andthe Toraja.

geography

The first principle of Indonesia's philosophical foundation,Pancasila, is "belief in the one and only God".

A number of different religions are practiced in the country, andtheir collective influence on the country's political, economic andcultural life is significant.

The Indonesian Constitution guarantees freedom of religion.

religion

The government only recognizes six official religions (Islam,Protestantism, Catholicism, Hinduism, Buddhism andConfucianism).

Indonesian law requires that every Indonesian citizen holdan identity card that identifies that person with one of these sixreligions, although citizens may be able to leave that sectionblank.

agnosticism or atheism, and blasphemy is illegal.

religion

Influence to Architecture

Architecture in Indonesia focuses on defining terms that relate totheir religions such as; Islam, Buddhist, early Indonesia Hindu, andBalinese Hindu.

They make representations of religious sculptures, carvings, andtemples. It is important to realize that the Indonesian forms of theabove religions have been adapted to accommodate pre-existingIndonesian beliefs and customs and that this is evident in thereligious architecture found in Indonesia today.

Architectural heritage influences by religious are commonly foundin Java.

religion

Types of Architecture

Although religious architecture has been widespread inIndonesia, the most significant was developed in Java. Theisland's long tradition of religious syncretism extended toarchitecture, which fostered uniquely Javanese styles ofHindu, Buddhist, Islamic, and to a lesser extent, Christianarchitecture.

religious architecture

• Candi = Religious structures- large and sophisticated,

tower-like structures- built in Java during the peak

of Indonesia’s Great Hindu-BuddhistKingdoms (18th-14th Century)

The earliest surviving Hindu temples inJava are at the Dieng Plateau, thoughtto have originally numbered as many as400, only 8 remain today.

* Dieng Structures- small and relatively plain

But architecture developed substantiallyand just 100 years later the secondKingdom of Mataram built thePrambanan complex near Yogyakarta;considered largest and finest exampleof Hindu architecture in Java.

Complek Candi Arjuna

Candi Prambanan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

The origin of Buddhistand Hindu temple arebuilt of stone, which israised on a basementand surmounted by astepped pyramidalroof, ornamented withrelics. In symbolicterms, the building is asa representation of thelegendary MountMeru, which in Hindu-Buddhist mythology isidentified as theresidence of the gods.

• Buddhist monument, Borobudur- a World Heritage site- built by the Sailendra Dynasty

between 750 and 850 AD, but it wasabandoned shortly after its completionas a result of the decline of Buddhismand a shift of power to eastern Java.

- contains a vast number ofintricate carvings that tell a story as onemoves through to the upper levels,metaphorically reaching enlightenment.

With the decline of the MataramKingdom, eastern Java became thefocus of religious architecture with anexuberant style reflecting Shaivist,Buddhist and Javanese influences; afusion that was characteristic of religionthroughout Java.

Burobudor Temple, Java

The Majapahit Era

• The use of bricks in Indonesia’sClassical Era

– mastered by the Majapahitbuilders, using a mortar of vine sap andpalm sugar• Temples of Majapahit

- have a strong geometricalquality with a sense of verticalityachieved through the use of numeroushorizontal lines often with an almostart-deco sense of streamlining andproportion

Majapahit influences can be seen todayin the enormous number of Hindutemples of varying sizes spreadthroughout Bali. Although they haveelements in common with global Hindustyles, they are of a style largely uniqueto Bali and owe much to the Majapahitera.

Majapahit Hindu Temple

Mosques

(15th Century)

Islam had become the dominant religionin Java and Sumatra, Indonesia's twomost populous islands; absorbed andreinterpreted, with mosques given aunique Indonesian/Javaneseinterpretation.

Javanese Mosques- took many design cues from

Hindu, Buddhist, and even Chinesearchitectural influences

- lacked, for example, theubiquitous Islamic dome which did notappear in Indonesia until the 19th century,

- had tall timber, multi-levelroofs similar to the pagodas of BalineseHindu temples still common today

Menara Kudus Mosque in Kudus

Sultan Suriansyah Mosque in Banjarmasin

Mosques

(19th Century)

- sultanates of Indonesianarchipelago began to adopt and absorbforeign influences of Islamic architecture

- The Indo-Islamic and Moorishstyle are particularly favouredas displayed in Banda Aceh BaiturrahmanGrand Mosque built in 1881, and MedanGrand Mosque built in 1906

- mosques have tended to bebuilt in styles more consistent with globalIslamic styles, which mirror the trend inIndonesia towards more orthodoxpractice of Islam

Bandah Aceh Baiturrahman Grand Mosque

Medan Grand Mosque

Gala Mosque, Tembayat

- the oldest mosque in Java thatsurvives through time

- one of the examples of Indo-Javanese culture style “top of the hillbuilding” – one characteristic of the

Hindu-Buddhist religious buildings in Java,while the tick wall was influenced fromGujarati architecture and the “tajug”wooden-tile roof structure was fromJavanese traditional architecture

- set as the Objects of CulturalProperty (Tangible Heritage) by theIndonesian Institute for Preservation ofArchaeological Heritage (BP3) based onLaw No. 5 year 1992

Gala Mosque

Traditional and vernacular architecture in Indonesia originates from

two sources. One is the great Hindu tradition brought to Indonesiafrom India via Java. The second is an indigenous architecture pre-dating the Hindu epic.

It has its own unique form because Indonesia has 33 provinces; each ofIndonesia’s ethnic groups has its own distinctive form of thetraditional vernacular architecture, known as Rumah adat.

Traditional Indonesian homes are not architect designed, rathervillagers build their own homes, or community will their resources fora structure built under the direction of a master builder and/or acarpenter.

traditional and vernacular

architecture

Rumah Adat

- Rumah adat or Custom

House is at the center of a web ofcustoms, social relations, traditionaltaboos, myths, and religions thatvillagers together.

- The house provides thefocus for the family and itsand is the point of departure foractivities of its residents.

Characteristics• timber construction,• varied and elaborate roof• longhouses on stilts• steep sloping roofs and heavy• Built on stilts except for Java and

Rumah Adat Batak

Construction System:• post, beam and lintel

structural system with eitherwooden or bamboo walls thatare non-load bearing

• rather than nails, mortis and tenon joints and wooden pegs are used

Some of the more significant and distinctive rumah adat include:

• Batak architecture (North Sumatra) includes the boat-shaped jabu homes of the Toba Batak people, with dominating carved gables and dramatic oversized roof, and is based on an ancient model.

• The Minangkabau of West Sumatra builds the rumah gadang, distinctive for their multiple gables with dramatically upsweeping ridge ends.

• The homes of Nias peoples include the omo sebua chiefs' houses built on massive ironwood pillars with towering roofs. Not only are they almost impregnable to attack in former tribal warfare, but flexible nail-less construction provide proven earthquake durability.

• Rumah Melayu Malay traditional houses built on stilts of Sumatra, Borneo and Malay

Borneo and Malay Peninsula.

• The Riau region is characterized by villages built on stilts over waterways.

• Unlike most South East Asian vernacular homes, Javanese joglo are not built on piles, and have become the Indonesian vernacular style most influenced by European architectural elements.

• The Bubungan Tinggi, with their steeply pitched roofs, is the large homes of Banjarese royalty and aristocrats in South Kalimantan.

• Traditional Balinese homes are a collection of individual; largely open structures (including separate structures for the kitchen, sleeping areas, bathing areas and shrine) within a high-walled garden compound.

• The Sasak people of Lombok build lumbung, pile-built bonnet-roofed rice barns, that are often more distinctive and elaborate than their houses.

• Dayak people traditionally live in communal longhouses that are built on piles. The houses can exceed 300 m in length, in some cases forming a whole village.

• The Toraja of the Sulawesi highlands are renowned for their tongkonan, houses built on piles and dwarfed by massive exaggerated-pitch saddle roofs.

• Rumah adat on Sumba have distinctive thatched "high hat" roofs and are wrapped

wrapped with sheltered verandahs.

• The Papuan Dani traditionally live in small family compounds composed of several circular huts known as honay with thatched dome roofs.

Istana (or "palace") architecture of the various kingdoms andrealms of Indonesia is more often than not based on thevernacular and domestic styles of the area. Royal courts, however,were able to develop much grander and elaborate versions of thistraditional architecture.

palace architecture

Javanese Kraton (Keraton – Javanese Royal palace)

Characteristics:• large pendopos (pavilion) of the

joglo roof form• with tumpang sari ornamentation

that are elaborate but based on common Javanese forms.

Gala Mosque

Joglo Roof Frame

The omo sebua ("chief's house") in Bawomataluo, Nias

- is an enlarged version of the homes in the village

The palaces of the Balinese such asthe Puri Agung in Gianyar use thetraditional bale form, and thePagaruyung Palace is a three-storeyversion of the Minangkabau RumahGadang.

Pagaruyung Palace

Puri Agung

Rumah gadang (Minangkabau: "bighouse") or rumah bagonjong(Minangkabau: "spired roof house")

- traditional homes(Indonesian: "rumah adat") of theMinangkabau. The architecture,construction, internal and externaldecoration, and the functions of thehouse reflect the culture and values ofthe Minangkabau.

- A rumah gadang serves as aresidence, a hall for family meetings,and for ceremonial activities. In thematrilineal Minangkabau society,the rumah gadang is owned by thewomen of the family who live there;ownership is passed from mother todaughter.

Two basic designs (reflect two variationsof Minangkabau social structure):

• The koto piliang design reflects anaristocratic and hierarchical socialstructure, with the house containinganjuang (raised floors) at each end topermit elevated seating of clanleaders during ceremonial events.

• The bodi caniago design reflects ademocratic social structure, with thefloors being flat and on one level.

Architectural Elements of Rumah Gadang

Each element of a rumah gadang has its own symbolic meaning, which is referred to in adapt speech and aphorisms. The elements of a rumah gadang include:

• gonjong, hornlike roof structure• singkok, triangular wall under the ends of gonjong• pereng, shelf under the singkok• anjuang, raised floor at the end of one style of rumah gadang• dindiang ari, the walls on the side elevations• dindiang tapi, the walls on the front and back elevations• papan banyak, front façade• papan sakapiang, a shelf or middle band on the periphery of the house

house• salangko, wall enclosing space under a house that has been built on stilt

stilt

Some symbolisms of the house:• relate to the gonjong reaching to god• dindiang tapi, which is traditionally made of plaited strips of bamboo, symbolizing

symbolizing the strength and utility of the community which is formed whenindividual

Minangkabau become part of the larger community instead of standing alone.The pillars of the ideal rumah gadang are arranged in five rows which run the length ofthe house. These rows divide the interior into four long spaces called lanjar.The lanjar at the rear of the house is divided into bedrooms (ruang). According to adat,a rumah gadang must have at least five ruang, and the ideal number is nine. Theother lanjar are used as a common area, called the labuah gajah (elephant road), forliving and ceremonial events.

A number of rice barns (rangkiang) ideally accompany a rumah gadang, with eachhaving a different name and function. The rangkiang sitinjau lauik, contains rice for thefamily, particularly for adat ceremonies. The rangkiang sitangka lapa contains rice fordonation to poor villagers and for times of famine in the village. The rangkiang sibayau-bayaucontains rice for the daily needs of the family.

16th and 17th centuries

- arrival of European powers in Indonesia who used masonry for much of their construction.

- One of the first major Dutch settlements was Batavia (later named Jakarta) which in the 17th and 18th centuries was a fortified brick and masonry city.

- the Dutch learnt to adapt their architectural style with local building features (long eaves, verandahs, porticos, large windows and ventilation openings)

The Indo-European hybrid villa of the 19th century was among the first colonialbuildings to incorporate Indonesian architectural elements and attemptadapting to the climate. The basic form, such as the longitudinal organizationof spaces and use of joglo and limasan roof structures, was Javanese, but itincorporated European decorative elements such as neo-classical columnsaround deep verandahs.

colonial architecture

Indo-European Hybrid Villa

*JavaIndo-European homes

- Indonesian houses withEuropean trims

In Early 20th Century- European buildings with

Indonesian trims- Practical measures carried over

from the earlier Indo-European hybrids,which responded to the Indonesianclimate, included overhanging eaves,larger windows and ventilation in thewalls

End of 19th Century- improvements to technology,

communications and transportation- Modernistic buildings required

for such development appeared in greatnumbers, and were heavily influenced byinternational styles – includes trainstations, business hotels, factories andoffice blocks, hospitals and educationinstitutions

*Bali-Colonial rule was never as

extensive as it was in Java— it was only in 1906, for example, that the Dutch gained full control of the island—and consequently the island only has a limited stock of colonial architecture

- The hill town of Munduk, a town amongst plantations established by the Dutch, is Bali's only other significant group of colonial architecture; a number of mini mansions in the Balinese-Dutch style still survive.

Native architecture was arguably more influenced by the new European ideas than colonial architecture was influenced by Indonesian styles; and these Western elements continue to be a dominant influence on Indonesia's built environment today

Art-Deco House Bandung

Early twentieth century modernisms are still very evident across much of Indonesia, again mostly in Java

1930s world depression was devastating to Java, and was followed by another decade of war, revolution and struggle, which restricted the development of the built environment

the Javanese art-deco style from the 1920s became the root for the first Indonesian national style in the 1950s

The politically turbulent 1950s meant that the new but bruised Indonesia was neither able to afford or focused to follow the new international movements such as modernist brutalism

post independence

architecture

“Let us prove that we can also build the country like the Europeans and Americans do because we are equal” – Sukarno

Despite the new country's economic woes, government-funded majorprojects were undertaken in the modernist style, particularly in thecapital Jakarta. Reflecting President Sukarno's political views, the architecture isopenly nationalistic and strives to show the new nation’s pride in itself. Projectsapproved by Sukarno, himself a civil engineer who had acted as an architect,include:

• A clover-leaf highway.• A broad by-pass in Jakarta (Jalan Sudirman).• Four high-rise hotels including the famous Hotel Indonesia.• A new parliament building.• The 127 000-seat Bung Karno Stadium.• Numerous monuments including The National Monument.• Istiqlal Mosque, Jakarta the largest mosque in Southeast Asia.

• 1950s jengki style- so named after Indonesian references to the American armed forces as

'yankee', was a distinctive Indonesian architectural style that emerged. Themodernist cubic and strict geometric forms that the Dutch had used before WorldWar II were transformed into more complicated volumes, such as pentagons orother irregular solids. This architecture is an expression of the political spirit offreedom among the Indonesians.

• The International Style dominated in Indonesia in the 1970s, as it did in much ofthe rest of the world

• The 1970s saw the Indonesian government promote indigenous Indonesianforms. Constructed in 1975, the Taman Mini Indonesia Indah theme park re-created over twenty buildings of exaggerated proportions to showcaseIndonesian traditional vernacular forms.

• By the 1980s in particular, most public buildings were built with exaggeratedelements of traditional vernacular forms.

Tama Mini Indonesia Indah Theme Park

Balairung Hotel

The 1970s, 1980s and 1990s saw foreign investment and economic growth;large construction booms brought major changes to Indonesian cities,including the replacement of the early twentieth styles with late modern andpostmodern styles

Many new buildings are clad with shiny glass surfaces to reflect the tropicalsun. Architectural styles are influenced by developments in architectureinternationally, including the introduction of deconstructivism architecture.

Following the pattern of colonial architecture in Malaysia and Singapore,architects in the former Dutch East Indies relieved heavily on importedEuropean models for their public buildings, clubs and churches

In residential Architecture, producing a growing number of fine housesbased on indigenous idioms, sometimes blended with colonial or modernthemes.

contemporary

architecture

Institute of Technology, Bandung, Jakarta(1920) by Henri Maclaine Pont,

- first on a series of remarkablebuildings, based on meticulous study ofregional traditions

Incorporated indigenous features:• timber houses-on-stilts of the

Minangkabau region in Sumatra, withtheir distinctive peaked

• suspended roofs• Javanese Kratons, or royal palaces

Consists a cluster of pavilions set aroundsmall courtyards and interconnected withshaded colonnades with stout columnsmade of uncut stone. The multi-layeredroofing provides ventilation in the gapsbetween the layers, as well as their highpeaks, while the open structure at groundlevel provides further movement of air.

AULA – Main hall

An impressive and an imposed structure of giant parabolic beams of laminated wood bound with iron clamps.

Catholic Church, Pohsarang, Java (1937)Pont’s last work in the region.

Surrounded by a series of stepped walledcourtyards and gateways, rising uptowards the church in the fashion ofHindu temple-platforms of Java, the mainbody consists of a five cornered cupola,made up of bent timber raftersconverging on a key piece at the apex,between which is suspended a composite“roofnet” of steel cables and latticetimber frameworks, supporting clay rooftiles. Overhead windows withoverlapping, open panes of glass ensureadequate light and ventilation at theapex. The Cupola, like ancillary structures,was originally open at ground level in thefashion of the indigenous pendopo, oropen pillared hall, commonly used fordance and dramas. It has since beenwalled in, to the detriment of design.

The difference of Western and Indonesian architecture according toDutch architect is correlation between building and people. Westernarchitecture (occidental) is a totality construction, while Indonesian’shave been developed as subjective matter, elementary, withpreferring outside appearance especially front façade. The naturalcondition between the sub-tropical Netherlands and wet-tropicalIndonesia is also the main consideration of Dutch buildings inIndonesia

Architects

Birthday: 16 December 1912, Bonandolok , North Sumatra

An opzichter / architect initial generation in the country Indonesia . He is a self-taught architect. Formal education only at STM (Technical High School) but persistence led to several design wins architectural competition, so it's profession recognize him as an architect

plays a major role in the formation of the Association of Indonesian Architects (IAI)

Frederich Silaban

Architectural projects

Building Nommensen University - Field ( 1982 )

Bung Karno Stadium - Jakarta ( 1962 )

House A Lie Hong - Bogor ( 1968 )

West Irian Liberation monument - Jakarta ( 1963 )

Headquarters Air Force - Jakarta ( 1962 )

Building Patterns - Jakarta ( 1962 )

BNI Building 1946 - Field ( 1962 )

Tower Bung Karno Jakarta - 1960-1965 (unbuilt)

National Monument / Tugu Monas - Jakarta ( 1960 )

BNI Building 1946 - Jakarta ( 1960 )

BLLD Building, Bank Indonesia, Jalan Kebun Betel - Jakarta ( 1960 )

Head Office of Bank Indonesia , Jalan Thamrin - Jakarta ( 1958 )

Private home Friderich Silaban - Bogor ( 1958 )

Istiqlal Mosque - Jakarta ( 1954 )

Frederich Silaban win the contest of making picture mockups mosque with the motto (password) " Godhead "is then in charge of making the overall design of the Istiqlal. Istiqlal is also the largest mosque in Southeast Asia in the 1970s

Frederich Silaban

Architectural projects

Bentol Building - West Java ( 1954 )

This building is part of Cipanas Presidential Palace located at the top of the lane highways, West Java and is located right behind the main building and stood in the plain over the other buildings. The building is often referred to as the Soekarno for inspiration called Building Bentol because all the walls are affixed to natural stone that makes an impression bump-bump

Kalibata Heroes Cemetery gate - Jakarta ( 1953 )

Cibalagung Campus, College of Agricultural Extension (STPP) / Secondary Agricultural School (SPMA) - Bogor ( 1953 )

Agricultural schools have spawned a number of veteran leaders in various fields. Some of them even served as minister. Though the school is now a century old is a true "churning" to the agents and technicians in the field of agriculture.

Home Office Mayor - Bogor ( 1952 )

Office of Fisheries - Bogor ( 1951 )

Equator monument - Pontianak ( 1938 )

This monument was first built in 1928 by a geographer nationality Netherlands. Rebuilt in 1938 and refined by Frederich Silaban. In 1990 built a duplicate with the size 5 times more likely to protect the equator of the original monument. Development of the latter was inaugurated on 21 September 1991

Frederich Silaban

Bung Karno Stadium - Jakarta ( 1962 )National Monument / Tugu Monas - Jakarta ( 1960 )Istiqlal Mosque - Jakarta ( 1954 )Equator monument - Pontianak ( 1938 )

Herbowo is an Indonesian architect and administrator

Graduated from ITB Institute Technology Bandung in 1960

Post Graduated in 1962 from Copenhagen

President of Indonesia Soeharto cq Home Ministerto become Vice of HeadGovernment of Jakarta Capital City of Indonesia during 1988.

After graduating from Copenhagen, Herbowo started to work at Pulo Mastogether with Ir Radinal Moochtar and Ir Kandar Tisnawinata, in acompany owned by the Government of Jakarta Capital City of Indonesia,later becoming Head of Director at IV during Governor Ali Sadikin danHead of BAPPEDA. He introduced Route 3 in 1 in Jakarta Capital City.

Ir Herbowo

He is an architect and urban planner by training

graduated from Parahyangan Catholic University.

As a journalist, Marco covers urban issues in Indonesia for AikonFoundation and other publications.

He initiated his country's Green Map network in 2002, shortly after publishing the first Jakarta Green Map. Today, he has published 3 Jakarta Green Maps & assisted another 8 published nationally. He is also developing the Asia Mapmakers network.

He is taking part in Aceh reconstruction through Komisi DaruratKemanusiaan untuk Aceh dan Sumatera Utara and as architect in Uplink.

He criticizes a lot of policies from DKI Jakarta governor Sutiyoso.

Project/s:

Kota Rumah Kita (The City, Our Home), 2006

Marco Kusumawijaya

Birthday: May 6, 1929, Ambarawa, Central Java,

He was an Indonesian architect, writer, and Catholic religious leader. He was popularly known as Romo Mangun (Father Mangun).

known as the father of modern Indonesian architecture.

He continued to study architecture in Aachen, Germany, and at the Aspen Institute of Humanistic Studies in Aspen, Colorado. In 1992.

According to Erwinthon P. Napitupulu, the author of a book on Mangunwijaya, due to be published at the end of 2011, Mangun heads the list of the top 10 Indonesian architects.

Romo Mangun's dedication to helping those who were poor, oppressed and marginalized by politics through an "outcry of the voice of conscience" made him a strong opponent of the Soeharto regime.

Y.B. Mangunwijawa

(Yusuf Bilyarta Mangunwijaya)

Awards

Golden Windmill Award for fiction/literary works from Radio Nederland

Aga Khan Award for Architecture 1992 for Kali Code, Yogyakarta

Indonesian Institute of Architects Award 1991 for Marian Shrine in Sendangsono

Ramon Magsaysay Award 1996

He also received The Ruth and Ralph Erskine Fellowship in 1995, as recognition of his dedication to the less privileged. His work on the houses of the poor along the banks of the Code River contributed towards Mangunwijaya becoming one of Indonesia's most renowned architects.

Y.B. Mangunwijawa

(Yusuf Bilyarta Mangunwijaya)

Architectural projects

Kali Code Urban Settlement, Yogyakarta : Aga Khan Award 1992

Sendangsono (Marian shrine)

Semarang Apostolic Building

Gedung Bentara Budaya, Jakarta

Gereja Katolik Jetis, Yogyakarta

Gereja Katolik Cilincing, Jakarta

Markas Kowihan II

Kampus II Universitas Surabaya

Gereja Katolik Santa Maria Assumpta, Klaten- Jateng

Y.B. Mangunwijawa

(Yusuf Bilyarta Mangunwijaya)

Gereja Katolik Santa Maria Assumpta, Klaten- Jateng

Birthday: October 4 1971

an Indonesian architect and lecturer in the Department ofArchitecture, Bandung Institute of Technology.

founded architect firm Urbane Indonesia in 2004 with three partners

He was elected as mayor of Bandung on 23 June 2013.

In 2006, Kamil was the Indonesian winner of the British Council's YoungCreative Entrepreneur award, representing Indonesia in the InternationalYoung Design Entrepreneur of the Year award.

In 2009, Kamil was selected as the Architect of the Year by Elle Decormagazine.

Urbane Indonesia was listed in the BCI Asia Top 10 Awards from 2008 to

2008 to 2010 and again in 2012.

Ridwan Kamil

Projects:

Kamil was the pioneer of the Indonesia Berkebun movement to build amateur gardens in the cities of Indonesia. As of 2011 the community project is established in fourteen cities in Indonesia, with membership approaching 4000.

Kamil and Urbane Indonesia projects in Indonesia include

United Tractors office tower in Jakarta,

Al-Irsyad Mosque and Al-Irsyad Satya Islamic School in Bandung

Aceh Tsunami Museum in Banda Aceh,

Tarumanegara University Tower I and campus revision, and

Rasuna Epicentrum

Ridwan Kamil

Al-Irsyad Mosque in BandungAceh Tsunami Museum in Banda AcehRasuna Epicentrum

International projects include

Marina Bay Waterfront Master Plan in Singapore

Beijing Islamic Centre Mosque

Ras Al Kaimah Waterfront Master Plan

Suzhou Retail Waterfront Masterplan in China

Tech Park Kunming, and

Grand Tourism Community Club House in Calcutta

Ridwan Kamil

Birthdate: December 13, 1897, Rotterdam, Netherlands

Between 1910 and 1918

- Aalbers studied architecture at the Rotterdam Academy of VisualArts and Techniques.

- Dutch architecture was highly influenced by the expressionistmovement due to popular expressionist artists, including the painter Willemde Kooning who also studied in the same school.

Albert Aalbers

1930

- the Aalbers family moved to Bandung, a few kilometers east ofSukabumi

- Dutch East Indies government was planning to move the colonialcapital from Batavia (present-day Jakarta) to Bandung

-Several Dutch architects, were actively involved designing andrenovating buildings throughout the city. Aalbers saw this as a goodopportunity and he started to work as a freelance architect in the city. Laterhe and his friend, Rijk de Waal, opened a new firm, the Aalbers en De Waal

Albert Aalbers

Projects:

1935 – DENIS Bank (De Eerste Nederlandsch-Indische Spaarkas or the First Dutch-Indies Savings)

1936 – Savoy Homann Hotel, Bandung

He renovated the hotel lobby of the Grand Hotel Lembang at Lembang

Designed a new hotel, the Grand Hotel Ngamplang at Garut, and a resort hotel in the middle of the Pangalengan tea plantation in the south of Bandung.

He designed three identical villas at Juanda Street, known as "the locomotive", in 1937, which were built as a promotion for the new residential area in the north of Bandung

Aalbers designed twelve identical villas at the Pager Gunung Street (1939), fourteen houses at Haji Hasan Street (1940) and the three-color (de driekleur) villa at Juanda Street.

Albert Aalbers

DENIS Bank (De Eerste Nederlandsch-Indische Spaarkas or the First Dutch-Indies Savings), 1935Savoy Homann Hotel, Bandung, 1936

Birthday: April 22, 1885

Karsten was a Dutch engineer who gave major contributions to architectureand town planning in Indonesia during Dutch colonial rule. Most significantlyhe integrated the practice of colonial urban environment with nativeelements; a radical approach to spatial planning for Indonesia at the time. Heintroduced a neighborhood plan for all ethnic groups in Semarang, built publicmarkets in Yogyakarta and Surakarta, and a city square in the capital Batavia(now 'Jakarta')

Thomas Karsten

1918, he had defined a set of principles for his town planning which saw

him engaged as a consultant for major cities in the colony.

He was a town planning consultant for Semarang (1916–20,1936), Buitenzorg (now 'Bogor') (1920–23), Madiun (1929), Malang (1930–35), Batavia (Jakarta) (1936–37), Magelang (1937–38), Bandung (1941), aswell as Cirebon, Meester Cornelis (part of Jakarta which is known asJatinegara), Yogyakarta, Surakarta, Purwokerto, Padang, Medan andBanjarmasin.

In 1941, he was appointed to lecture at the School of Engineering atBandung. During the Japanese occupation in Indonesia, Thomas Karstenwas imprisoned at camp Baros in Cimahi near Bandung. He died at thecamp in 1945.

Thomas Karsten

Projects

His building projects included large two-storey homes with steeply pitchedroofs for members for elite Dutch citizens, new palace pavilions that wereboth European and traditional Javanese for indigenous royalty, public marketbuildings in Yogyakarta and Surakarta, and grand headquarters for companies.

Thomas Karsten

Birthday: June 21, 1884

Pont was a Dutch architect and archaeologist active in Indonesia, acclaimed for his synthesis of Javanese and western architecture.

Born in Batavia in 1884, Henri Maclaine Pont studied civil engineering in Delft.

After graduation he moved back to the Dutch East Indies where in 1911 received his first major work, the design of the Semarang-Cheribon Steam Tram Company headquarters. In Semarang he set up his own firm, which was later joined by Thomas Karsten. Soon however he fell ill, and being forced to return to the Netherlands, sold the firm to Karsten, Lutjens and Steenstra Toussaint.

Henri Maclaine Pont

In 1919 he has been commissioned for the design of the Ceremonial Hall of the Bandung Institute of Technology building. The building is remarkable for the synthesis of Western technology and local architecture.

His notable works also include the original Trowulan Museum (1932) and the Puh Sarang Catholic church in Kediri (1937).

Henri Maclaine Pont

Trowulan Museum (1932)Puh Sarang Catholic church in Kediri (1937)

Akhir.(End)

Terima kasih anda!(Thank you!)