INDONESIA DEMOCRACY INDEX (IDI)

MINISTRY OF NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING/ NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING AGENCY

(BAPPENAS)

INDONESIA DEMOCRACY INDEX (IDI)

Prepared for

Experts Roundtable and South-South Exchange Forum: Lessons

from Assessing Governance: Towards Inclusive Democracies and

Development in Asia

Jakarta, 21 – 22 March, 2012

BAPPENAS

2

Background: Why Develop Index?

Lack of instrument to measure development of democracy regularly.

The existing measurement (such as: Freedom House, The Economist Intelligent Unit) is not sufficient enough to capture the development of democracy in each region.

It is a mandatory for BAPPENAS to develop a development planning in order to reinforce consolidation of democracy.

Decentralization process has resulted variety of development of democracy in the region.

2 www.bappenas.go.id

2

http://www.bappenas.go.id/

BAPPENAS

3

Context of Index Development

o The Index is a country-led assessment as oppose to external assessment; built upon the foundation of national ownership.

o Development of the Index:

– The 2007 Index (Done)

– The 2009 Index (Done)

– The 2010 Index (On going process)

3

INDEKS DEMOKRASI INDONESIA www.bappenas.go.id 3


BAPPENAS Utilization of the Index

o As a tool to measure the democracy development at provincial level

o As a tool to assist the government in making annual government plan in political development at provincial level – The IDI data is able to show which aspects, variables, or

indicators that are/are not good enough in order for the government –both national and provincial level, to improve the quality of democracy.

o The provincial government and the society will be able to take important steps in improving their work in the future

4



KEMENTERIAN PPN/ BAPPENAS

Socialization to the

Provinces

Revising IDI methodology & indicator

Establishing PWGs

Development of 2009 Index

Dissemination of 2007 IDI Result

Development of IDI Utilization Module

Development of 2010 IDI

2009 IDI Utilization Workshop (3 Pilot Provinces: Banten, Aceh, Gorontalo, + Jateng)

Establishing PWGs

2009 IDI Launching and Its Result Dissemination

2009

2010

2011

INDEX DEVELOPMENT INDEX UTILISATION

Main Activities (2009-2012)

2007

IDI

Establish

ing

PWGs

2009

IDI

2012

Revitalizing PWGs

2010

IDI

Development of 2011 IDI

Revitalizing PWGs 2010 IDI Utilization Workshop

(5 additional Provinces)

2010 IDI Launching and Its Result Dissemination 2011

IDI


(BAPPENAS)

KEY FACTORS

BAPPENAS

Key Factors: Management Aspect, Multi Stakeholders Approach (1)

7

Project Board

(UNDP/Bappenas/MoHA/ Statistics Indonesia/ Coordinator

Ministry of Politics, Law and Security

Expert Board (Academics, CSO,

Media Practitioner)

Project Management Unit:

•Project Manager

•Project Officer

•Admin & Finance Assistant

Project Assurance (UNDP)

Consultants

Provincial Working Groups (Local Government officer, Local

Legislator, NGOs, Media, University)

www.bappenas.go.id

Organizational Structure:


BAPPENAS

Provincial Working Group

Provincial Secretariat

Local Parliament

Kesbang-linmas

University NGO/ media

Provincial BPS

Provincial Planning

Office



Existence of Provincial

Working Groups:


BAPPENAS


Provincial Working Groups (PWGs)

Active participation in

disseminating IDI in provincial level

Providing input in improving

indicators and methodology of IDI

Providing input on IDI

utilization strategy

Providing quality assurance in data

collection

Actively participate in implementing IDI

utilization (in planning and

budgeting)

9

www.bappenas.go.id

Role / function of Provincial

Working Groups:


BAPPENAS

Aspect, variable and indicator: local uniqueness, validity and reliability

Data collection and scoring process

– Newspapers review: choosing of the newspaper

– Document review: availability of the relevant official document (regional regulations, minutes of hearing, budget document, etc)

– FGD: tight criteria on conducting FGD (selection criteria of participants, facilitators, time, place, logistic, organizing team)

– In-depth interview: competent resource persons

Indexing

Professionalism and Integrity of Expert Panels 10

www.bappenas.go.id

Key Factors: Substance and Methodology


BAPPENAS The Process of Developing Index

11

Newspaper

Review

Document

Review

FGD & In-

depth

Interview

Score

(per

indicator)

Weighting

Weighted

Score (per

indicator) IDI

Expert

Judgement

www.bappenas.go.id



(BAPPENAS)

2009 IDI

BAPPENAS

Aspect, Variable & Indicator of 2009 IDI (3 Aspects; 11 Variables; and 28 Indicators)

13

Aspect Variable # of Indicators

CIVIL

LIBERTIES

Freedom of assembly and freedom of association 2 indicators

Freedom of expression 2 indicators

Freedom of religion 3 indicators

Freedom from discrimination 3 indicators

POLITICAL

RIGHTS

The rights to vote and get elected in general election 5 indicators

Political participation in decision making and

watchdog

2 indicators

INSTITUTIONS

OF

DEMOCRACY

Free and fair elections 2 indicators

The role of local parliament 3 indicators

The role of political parties

The role of regional government bureaucracy

2 indicators

2 indicators

The role of an independent judiciary 2 indicators

www.bappenas.go.id


BAPPENAS

2009 Index: National Index and Comparison with 2007

14

62.72

54.60

86.97

67.30

Institutions ofDemocracy

Political Rights

Civil Liberties

Overall

62.72

54.60

86.97

67.30

52.30

53.00

75.70

60.40

Institutions ofDemocracy

Political Rights

Civil Liberties

Overall

2007 2009

www.bappenas.go.id


BAPPENAS The 2009 Index Picture of all Provinces

15

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Civil Liberties Political Rights Institution of Democracy

www.bappenas.go.id


BAPPENAS Meaning of the Index SCALE: 0 - 100

16


INDEX

MEANING

< 60 Low Performing Democracy

60 - 80 Medium Performing Democracy

> 80 High Performing Democracy


KEMENTERIAN PPN/ BAPPENAS

INDEKS DEMOKRASI INDONESIA

Provincial Group based on

Democracy Performance

www.bappenas.go.id 17

HIGH MEDIUM LOW

- Aceh, Riau, Kepri, Sumsel,

Babel, Jambi, Bengkulu,

Lampung, Banten, DKI,

Jabar, Jateng, DIY, Jatim,

Kalbar, Kalteng, Kaltim,

Kalsel, Bali, NTT, Sulsel,

Sulteng, Sulbar, Sultra,

Gorontalo, Sulut, Malut,

Maluku, Papua Barat, Papua,

Sumut, Sumbar

West Nusa Tenggara

High performing democracy

0%Medium performing democracy

97%

Low performing

democracy3%


BAPPENAS Best Practices of IDI

o Benchmarking IDI. 2009 IDI has been set as a benchmark for developing sequential index in future.

o IDI has been stated in the National Medium-term Development Plan (RPJMN) 2010 – 2014. In the future, IDI is expected to be utilized as a sectoral target benchmark in planning and budgeting on political development in all provinces.

o Buy-in of Government of Indonesia. Government of Indonesia has allocated state budget for the development of IDI 2011 – 2014.

o Utilization. Workshop for IDI utilization has implemented in 3 pilot provinces (Banten, Gorontalo, Aceh) and Central Java (by their own initiative).



BAPPENAS Challenges in the Future

o Coordination among stakeholders: Central Government Agencies, UNDP, Expert Board, PMU, Local Government, PWGs.

o Refining IDI methodology and indicator for getting a better index. – One or more newspapers? – Consistency of indicators as important guidance on data collection – A qualified FGD and In-depth interview

o Strengthening the role of PWGs to support data collection and index utilisation process.

o A broader dissemination and socialization of IDI to local stakeholders.

o Scaling up IDI utilisation in other provinces.

o A punctual development of IDI for a maximum utility in line with the planning and budgeting cycle.

19

www.bappenas.go.id



(BAPPENAS)

THANK YOU

INDONESIA DEMOCRACY INDEX (IDI)

Documents

Transcript of INDONESIA DEMOCRACY INDEX (IDI)