Individually constructed vehicles - South Australia...• Window tinting – refer to fact sheet -...

This Information Manual details the requirements to obtain approval for road use of an Individually Constructed Vehicle (ICV) up to 4.5 tonne GVM.The construction of passenger vehicles is a complex and usually time consuming project. The Department of Planning, Transport and Infrastructure’s (DPTI) aim is to ensure that the requirements of Australian Design Rules (ADRs) and regulations related to safety and environmental protection are equivalent to production vehicles.

Not only must high quality components be used, but all components used in the design must be correctly matched to each other to ensure safe operation, performance and compliance with the relevant standards. The motor vehicle must be considered as a complete package.

All requirements of the Australian Design Rules (ADRs) and South Australian Road Traffic (Light Vehicle Standards) Rules 2013 are not fully detailed. It is the vehicle constructor’s responsibility to ensure that an ICV complies as fully as possible with the ADRs and the South Australian Road Traffic (Light Vehicle Standards) Rules 2013.

An ICV is a ‘one-off’ vehicle. If production of more than one vehicle per year is proposed, DPTI should be consulted because construction and compliance of the vehicles may then be administered under the Commonwealth Government – Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development, Low Volume Scheme.An Individually constructed vehicle is a new vehicle that is not a production vehicle, a modified production vehicle or a production vehicle which has had the body or chassis replaced.Engineering requirementsDesign & Engineer’s responsibilityAll aspects of design including compliance with Australian Design Rules, Regulations, compatibility of engine with other vehicle components, steering, braking, handling and drivability will remain the responsibility of the Light Vehicle Engineering Signatory submitting the Engineering Report.Inspection ProcedureIt is recommended that the vehicle be inspected by the Engineer at the following stages:a. At completion of the chassis prior to the fitting

the body or any other component which may obstruct inspection of chassis welds etc.

b. At some intermediate stage of construction.

Individually constructed vehicles

Vehicle Standards - Light vehicle fact sheet

Further information Call 1300 882 248 Visit sa.gov.auEmail [email protected]

MR850 08.16

Definition of a Individually Constructed Vehicle


c. After completion of the vehicle but prior topresentation for the full roadworthy inspection byDPTI.

d. If the proposal is acceptable then VehicleStandards will then issue a Statement ofRequirements (SOR). If the proposal is notacceptable or further information is requiredVehicle Standards will contact the applicant inwriting. This should be done as early in theprocess as possible because the SOR orRegulation changes may influence the design.

e. Following the completion of construction, the vehicle must undergo inspection and performance testing by the Engineering Signatory to ensure that the vehicle meets all applicable standards, Regulations and to verify that its safe operation on the road is ensured. The results of all performance tests must be recorded and retained by the Engineer. The Light Vehicle Engineering Signatory must then complete a Letter of Conformity to confirm that the vehicle has been constructed in accordance with the Engineering Report.

a. Following the Letter of Conformity and thereceipt of a Statement of Requirements fromVehicle Standards the vehicle can be booked infor a full roadworthy inspection. If the vehiclefails inspection, the relevant issues must beaddressed and the vehicle submitted forinspection at a later date. When the vehiclepasses inspection it can then be registered andwill be issued with an Exemption From the Fittingof a Compliance Plate and a South AustralianI.D. Label which will identify the vehicle.

• name and address of the owner make and type ofvehicle

• chassis number or VIN• engine number• dates of inspection during construction• a statement to the effect that the above vehicle

has been constructed in accordance with theEngineering Report Number ….. Dated …..

• signature of the Light Vehicle Engineering Signatory• dated and signed.

Light Vehicle Engineering Signatory's Report

Letter of Conformity

All aspects of design and components used must be fully addressed in a report prepared by a Light Vehicle Engineering Signatory (Fact Sheet MR426).

As assurance that the vehicle has been inspected by the Light Vehicle Engineering Signatory and the vehicle conforms with the Engineering Report, a Letter of Conformity must be submitted prior to the vehicle being inspected by DPTI.

The Letter of Conformity must include the following:

A list of appropriately qualified and experienced engineers involved in this type of work in South Australia is available from DPTI.

Recommended construction and approval process

a. Consult the Light Vehicle Engineering Signatory as to the acceptability of the vehicle’s proposed construction and revise if necessary.

b. Obtain confirmation from the engineer that theproposed vehicle will comply with the appropriateADRs and Regulations. This confirmation usuallytakes the form of an Engineering Report andenables construction of the vehicle to commence,however see point ‘d.’

c. Complete the Application to Build an IndividuallyConstructed Vehicle form and submit it to VehicleStandards together with the Engineering Report andany other relevant documentation.

Applications

Except for those aspects which can only be determined after construction is completed, the application prepared by the Light Vehicle Engineering Signatory and submitted to DPTI must give full design details relating to the following:

Engine and Driveline

• Engine make, size and number of cylinders• Any changes from standard specifications• Power and torque specifications• Turbocharger or supercharger (if fitted)• Drive-line and differential• Gearbox and transmission• Fuel system (i.e. petrol, diesel, LPG).


Engine Selection

Brakes

Engine power and torque must be compatible with the driveline, structural and braking components. For details relating to emission control refer to ADR 37/..

• System (refer to ADR 31/.. and 42/..)• Type (i.e. disc, drum)• Brake balance.

Vehicle Braking

Tests to ensure correct brake balance must be conducted and submitted prior to presentation of the vehicle for final inspection.

Steering

Tests to show compliance with ADR 31/.., or equivalent, must be conducted and submitted prior to presentation of the vehicle for final inspection.

Refer to Fact sheet MR132 - Brake System Test Procedure or refer to ADR 31/..

Brake Balance

Wheels and tyres

Size, speed and load ratings, carcass construction (refer to ADR 23/..)

Axles and suspenion

• Type and make of axles (front and rear)• Method of attachment• Strength at 1g braking and 3g bump• Width of axles between wheel mounting flanges• Bump clearance• Ground clearance (refer to ADR 43/..)• Track (front and rear).

Wheel track

Alternatively an Engineering Report showing that the wheel track is within the design capabilities of the components being used and that the track does not have any adverse affect on vehicle handling and/or steering. Where non-standard components are fi tted the wheel track will be assessed, determined and justified by the Engineer.

• Steering geometry• Steering column (refer to ADR 10/..)• Anti-theft locks (refer to ADR 25/..).

Components

Steering components are not permitted to be welded or heated unless an Engineering Report is submitted to DPTI in accordance with Engineering Instruction Number 5 - Heating and Welding of Steering Components.

All newly manufactured steering components must be identified and a full description of manufacture including drawings must be presented, as well as an assessment and statement of suitability by the Engineer.

Geometry

Test results of a subjective test which show handling characteristics must be submitted prior to presentation of the vehicle for final inspection.

Refer to fact sheet MR 807 - Lane Change Manoeuvre Test Procedures. In addition the Light Vehicle Engineering Signatory should show that the vehicle does not demonstrate excessive ‘bump steer’ throughout the operating range of the front suspension.

Wheel track is the distance measured across an axle between the centre line of the left wheel and the centre line of the right wheel. Where standard axles are used the wheel track will be based on the maximum allowable wheel track for the vehicle for which the axle was designed.

Chassis or Frame

• Style and type• Material and strength• Mounting of body to chassis/frame• Beaming and torsional rigidity• Wheel base.

Beaming & Torsional Rigidity

The beaming and torsional rigidity is usually evaluated on the composite chassis/frame and body. An Engineering Report on the beaming and torsional rigidity to a procedure acceptable to DPTI may be required.

Refer to fact sheet - Torsional Rigidity and Beaming Stiffness Test Procedures (MR 816).

Body

• Style and type• Material• Position and accessibility of foot controls• Door strength (refer to ADR 29/..)• Door latches and hinges (refer to ADR2/..)• Mudguards (refer to ADR 42/..)• Engine bonnet (refer to ADR 42/..)• Driver fi eld of view (refer to ADR 42/..)• Primary vision area (refer to ADR 8/..)• External and internal projections (refer to ADR

42/..)• Internal sun visors (refer to ADR 11/..)• Location and visibility of instruments (refer to ADR

18/..)• Instrument panels (refer to ADR 21/..).

Body Design

It is essential to carefully examine the requirements of driver field of view, primary vision area, windscreen wipers and washers and mudguards when designing the body shell of the vehicle.

ICVs are not required to prove compliance with these ADRs but should be constructed to comply with the intent of these ADRs and offer the best occupant protection possible. See Dynamic Occupant Protection.

Seats and Seatbelts

• Type and number of seats• Size and height of seats• Seat anchorages (refer to ADR 3/..)• Seatbelts (refer to ADR 4/..)• Seatbelt anchorage points (refer to ADR 5/..)• Child restraint anchorages (refer to ADR 34/..)• Head restraints (refer to ADR 22/..)• Instructions for the use of ‘Seatbelt

Assemblies’ (refer to ADR 4/..)• Instructions for the use of

’Child Restraint Anchorages ‘ (refer to ADR 34/..).

Occupant Protection

The following ADRs apply to passenger car type vehicles:


Emissions and Noise

• ICVs constructed before 31/12/03 must complywith ADR 37/00 Emission Control for Light Vehicles.

• ICVs constructed after 31/12/03 must comply withADR 37/01 Emission Control for Light Vehicles

• Where satisfactory evidence can be provided thatvehicle construction commenced prior to 31/12/03DPTI may accept compliance with ADR 37/00.

• ADR 37/.. includes exhaust emissions, evaporativeemissions, crankcase gasses and petrol filler inlets.

• Diesel engine smoke (refer to ADR 30/..)• External noise (refer to ADR 28/..).

Glazing and Visibility

Glazing material (refer to ADR 8/..)• Rear vision mirrors (refer to ADR 14/..)• Demisting of windscreens (refer to ADR 42/..)• Windscreen wipers and washers (refer to ADR 42/..)• Driver field of view (refer to ADR 42/..)• Primary vision area (refer to ADR 8/..)• Window tinting – refer to fact sheet - Window

Tinting for your Motor Vehicle (MR 430)• Centre high-mounted stop lamp (refer to ADR 60/..) .


Lamp/Signal requirements

• Headlamps (refer to ADR 46/..)• Front position lamps (refer to ADR 49/..)• Rear position lamps (refer to ADR 49/..)• Rear registration plate illuminating device (refer to

ADR 48/..)• Retro-refl ectors (refer to ADR 47/..)• Hazard warning signals (refer to ADR 13..)• Globes (refer to ADR 51/..)• Reversing lamps (refer to ADR 1/..)• Direction indicator lamps (refer to ADR 6/..)• Centre high - mounted stop lamp (refer to ADR

60..).

General Provisions

• Turning circle (refer to ADR 43/..)• Controls (refer to ADR 42/..)• Electrical wiring (refer to ADR 42/..)• Exhaust outlets (refer to ADR 42/..)• Ventilation (refer to ADR 42/..)• Reverse gear (refer to ADR 42/..)• Engine number (refer to ADR 43/..)• Warning device (refer to ADR 42/..)• Registration plates and labels (refer to ADR43/..)

Vehicle identification number (refer to ADR 43/..).

Australian Design Rules

The ADRs have been developed to provide detailed performance specifi cations for safety standards in vehicles with the objective of reducing: • the frequency of accidents• the severity of occupant injury when accidents do

occur• the adverse impact of noise, smoke and gaseous

emissions on the community and the environment.

compliance required for a vehicle to meet the intent of the specific ADRs. Every ICV is required to comply with the intent of the relevant ADRs listed below:

ADR number & title:

1/..Reversing Lamps2/..Side Door Latches & Hinges 3/..Seat Anchorages 4/..Seatbelts5/..Anchorages for Seatbelts 6/..Direction Indicator Lamps 8/..Safety Glazing Material 10/..Steering Column11/..Internal Sun Visors13/..Installation of Lighting & Light-signalling Devices 14/..Rear Vision Mirrors 18/..Instrumentation21/..Instrument Panel22/..Head Restraints23/..Passenger Car Tyres25/..Anti-Theft Lock28/..External Noise of Motor Vehicles 29/..Side Door Strength30/..Diesel Engine Exhaust Smoke Emission31/..Hydraulic Brake Systems for Passenger Cars 34/..Child Restraint Anchorages and Child Restraint Anchor Fittings 37/..Emission Control for Light Vehicles 42/..General Safety Requirements - contains information on the following:

• Bonnet Latching• Diesel Engines (anti-start locking device)• Controls• Electrical Wiring, Connections & Installations• Exhaust Outlets• External or Internal Protrusions• Field of View• Wheel Guards (Mudguards)• Brake Tubing & Brake Hose• Reverse Gear• Television & Visual Display Units• Windows & Ventilation• Warning Devices – Audible

Components used in constructing an ICV may be taken from a vehicle which complies with the relevant ADRs provided that details of the make, model and date of manufacture of the vehicle concerned are quoted. Items which are not identical to those from a complying vehicle may be accepted subject to an engineering evaluation.

Following is a resume of the relevant ADRs. The requirements quoted are only an abbreviation of


• Demisting of Windscreens• Windscreen Wipers & Washers• Tyre & Rim Selection

43/..Vehicle Configuration & Marking45/..Lighting & Light – Signalling Devices Not Covered By ECE Regulations46/..Headlamps47/..Retro-reflector48/..Rear Registration Plate Illuminating device 49/..Front & Rear Position (Side) Lamps, Stop Lamps & End Outline Marker Lamps51/..Filament Globes60/..Centre High-Mounted Stop Lamp61/..Vehicle Marking62/..Mechanical Connections Between Vehicles 69/..Full Frontal Impact Occupant Protection 72/..Dynamic Side Impact Occupant Protection 73/..Offset Frontal Impact Occupant Protection

ADR 1/.. Reversing lampsIntentTo specify the photometric requirements for reversing lamps which will warn pedestrians and other road users that the vehicle is about to move or is moving in the reverse direction and which during the hours of darkness will aid the driver in reversing manoeuvres.

RequirementsADR 1/.. specifies that the colour of the light emitted shall be white.ADR 13/.. specifies that:• there shall be one or two reversing lamps at the

back of the vehicle positioned not less than 250mm nor more than 1200 mm above the ground

• if only one lamp is fitted it must be positioned on the drivers side of the vehicle

• the lamp or lamps shall only light up if thereverse gear is engaged and either the ignitionswitch is in the ‘on’ position or the engine isrunning

• the lamps shall be visible at 15 degrees upwardand 5 degrees downward, 45 degrees to the rightand to the left if there is only one lamp or 45degrees outwards and 30 degrees inward if thereare two lamps

• may not be grouped, combined or reciprocallyincorporated with any other rear lamps.

ADR 2/.. Side door latches and hingesIntentTo specify requirements for side door retention components including latches, hinges and other supporting means to minimise the likelihood of occupants being thrown from a vehicle as a result of impact.

RequirementsEach door latch and striker assembly shall be provided with two positions consisting of a fully latched position and a secondary latched position which provide both longitudinal and transverse restraint.Each door shall be equipped with a locking mechanism with an operating means in the interior of the vehicle. When the locking mechanism is engaged, the door handles on the outside of the front doors and all door handles on the rear doors shall be inoperative.

ADR 3/.. Seats and seat anchoragesIntentTo specify requirements for seats, their attachment assemblies, and their installation to minimise the possibility of occupant injury due to forces acting on the seat as a result of vehicle impact.

RequirementsEach seat shall be capable of withstanding a load, equivalent to:• twenty times the mass of the entire seat, when

applied in either a forward or rearward direction• a 530Nm moment about the “seating reference

point” applied to the upper cross-member in the rearward direction

• where a seat must hinge or fold to permit access to or egress from another seat the seat shall be fittedwith a self-locking device for restraining the seat orseat back

• The release control shall be readily accessible toboth the occupant of that seat and the occupant of aseat immediately behind that seat

• where there are rear seating positions; the rearsurfaces of the front seats that can be contacted bya person in a rear seat must be padded inaccordance with ADR 3/02.


Alternative criterionSeats anchored through vehicle floors made from sheet metal can be adequately secured by using 8 mm bolts and 40x40x3 mm steel backing plates. A minimum of four anchorage bolts per seat, for single seats must be provided. For double and triple seats, additional anchorage bolts may be required. The corners of backing plates shall have a minimum radius of 5 mm and the edges adjacent to the sheet metal must be chamfered.

ADR 4/.. SeatbeltsIntentTo specify the requirements for seatbelts to restrain vehicle occupants under impact conditions, to facilitate fastening and correct adjustment, to assist the driver to remain in the seat and thus maintain control of the vehicle in an emergency situation, and to provide protection against ejection in an accident situation.

RequirementsAll outboard seating positions shall be fitted with a lap/sash seatbelt which incorporates a dual lock emergency locking retractor mechanism.All inboard seating positions shall be fitted with either a lap belt or a lap-sash belt.

Only new seatbelts, complying with Australian Standard 2596 - Seatbelt Assemblies for Motor Vehicles or AS E35 Pt 1 - 1970 - Seatbelt Assemblies for Motor Vehicles, or any other approved standard accepted as equivalent, can be fitted.

Location - Seatbelt Anchorages Alternative criterion

Anchorages must be provided to suit the seatbelts required by ADR 4/.. They must be positioned so that the seatbelt webbing is able to function properly, without rubbing against any sharp edges.

The upper anchorage is to be located within the shaded area shown in Figure 1.

The upper anchorage ‘sash location point’ shall be at least 140 millimetres from the seating reference plane (Refer to ADR 5/..)

The lower anchorages must be on opposite sides of the centre line of the seating position and located within the shaded area as shown in Figure 2.

Instructions for use of seatbelt assemblies shall be included in the vehicle handbook, or otherwise supplied with the vehicle. The instructions shall be in accordance with the ADR.


ADR 5/.. Anchorages for seatbelts

IntentTo specify the requirements for anchorages for seatbelt assemblies so that they may be adequately secured to the vehicle structure or seat and will meet comfort requirements in use.

RequirementsA report prepared by a Light Vehicle Engineering Signatory which demonstrates compliance with ADR 5/.. must be presented or the anchorages shall be designed, located and constructed so that they meet with the alternative criterion.

Because seatbelts are generally made to standard lengths it is essential that the lower anchorages be placed in a position behind the seat so as to allow for the buckle of the buckle strap or stalk to be located at the side of the hip of a seated occupant. The buckle must not be allowed to rest on the seated person’s abdomen.

The optimum distance between the lower anchorages of a seatbelt is from 250 mm to 350 mm with the minimum distance being 165 mm. The lower seatbelt anchorages must not be superimposed i.e. each seatbelt must be anchored by a separate bolt. Anchorages provided for different seating positions are to be separated by at least 200 mm.

Construction - seatbelt anchorages

All anchorages must be able to withstand a force of at least 10 kN applied for not less than 30 seconds along the direction of the line of the seatbelt. Under test conditions some deformation is permitted but the anchorage must not pull away from the structure.

Proof of the strength of anchorages shall be by calculation, physical testing or where applicable in accordance with the alternative criterion.

Alternative criterionWhen anchorages are located in vehicle floors, parcel shelves or other areas of the vehicle made from sheet metal, steel backing plates (approximately 75 x 50 x 3 mm) are normally adequate.

The size of the seatbelt anchorage backing plate depends upon the strength of the material to which the anchorage is fastened. The following must be taken into consideration when determining the size of the plate:a. the thickness of the floorpan, upperbody or pillar

materialb. the shape of the floorpan, upperbody or pillar,

whether flat, corrugated, fluted, curved box orcomposite section

c. the type of material from which the floorpan,upperbody or pillar has been constructed (e.g.steel, aluminium).

The anchor bolts must be tightened to the correct tension using a torque wrench. The bolt must fully engage all the thread of the nut and this may mean that a longer bolt than that supplied with the seatbelt kit is required. Fine threaded 7/16” (11 mm) mild steel bolts are usually used. Anchorages must not be fitted through wood or where wood or other non- metal material is sandwiched between steel.

The corners of all backing plates are to have a 5 mm minimum radius and edges adjacent to the body are to be chamfered.


Do not fit anchorages in aluminium or fibreglass panels without obtaining specific approval from the Engineer. Anchorages and fittings must be protected from corrosion by suitable paint or other anti-corrosive substance. The general construction of anchorages is shown in Figures 3 and 4.

ADR 6/.. Direction indicator lamps

IntentTo specify the photometric and field of view requirements for direction indicators which will provide adequate warning to other road users of the intention to perform a turning manoeuvre.

ADR 13/.. Specifies that:

• there shall be:• two front direction indicator lamps• two rear direction indicator lamps• two repeating side direction indicator lamps.• the outside edges of the lamps at the front and rear

shall not be more than 400 mm from the outer edge ofthe vehicle

• the distance between the inner edges of the lamps atthe front and rear shall be not less than 600 mm

• the side direction indicator lamps shall not be morethan 1800 mm from the front of the vehicle (the sidelamps may be combined with the front lamps)

• the lamps at the front and rear shall be not less than350 mm nor more than 1500 mm above the ground

• the side lamps shall be not less than 500 mm normore than 1500 mm above the ground

• the direction indicator lamps shall switch onindependently of any other lamps

• all direction indicator lamps on one side of thevehicle shall be switched on and off by means ofone control and shall flash in phase at a rate ofbetween 60 and 120 times per minute

• the vehicle shall be fitted with audible and/or visibleindicator for the direction indicator lamps

• the illuminating surface of the front direction indicatorlamps must not be less than 40 mm from theilluminating surface of the dipped-beam headlamps orfog lamps if any.

Requirements• The colour of the light emitted shall be amber• The light emitted from the front and rear lamps

shall be visible at all angles between 45degrees inboard and 80 degrees outboard and15 degrees above and below the horizontalwithin these boundaries

• The mounting and visibility of indicator lamps isshown in Figure 5.


ADR 8/.. Safety glazing material

IntentTo specify the performance requirements of material used for external or internal glazing in motor vehicles which will ensure adequate visibility under normal operating conditions with minimum obscuration when shattered, and will minimise the likelihood of serious injury if a person comes in contact with the broken glazing material.

RequirementsAny glass used in windscreens, windows or interior partitions shall be of safety glass complying with one of the approved standards.

All glass shall carry an indelible mark or marks visible when the glass is fitted in the vehicle. The mark or marks shall identify the type of glass and the relevant standard to which the glass conforms.

The windscreen used shall meet with the primary vision area requirements which allows an average driver to see:• upwards at 10 degrees to the horizontal• downwards to the roadway 11 metres ahead of

the vehicle• 56 degrees to the left• 15 degrees to the right of a horizontal line

passing through the right eye of the driver whichis parallel to the vehicle centre line.

The primary vision area requirements are shown in Figures 6 and 7.

IntentTo minimise crushing or penetrating injuries to drivers due to the steering column as a result of frontal impact.

RequirementsThe steering column assembly used in a one-off vehicle shall be identical to one used in a vehicle approved to ADR 10/.. The steering column assembly comprises the basic steering mechanism, the steering wheel, the associated horn actuating mechanism and trim hardware.

The steering shafts and associated components between the steering column and steering box may also affect compliance with ADR 10/.., consequently the manner of installation is subject to approval.

Optional steering wheels tested to ADR requirements on the column assembly will be accepted.

A motor vehicle must not have a Steering Control Effort in excess of 250 N when the vehicle is operating at a speed not greater than 10 km/h.

The Visual Light Transmission of a windscreen in the Primary Vision Area (as defined in ADR 8/..) must not be less than 75%. It is permissible to have a narrow tinted band across the top of the windscreen which is outside the Primary Vision Area.

Window tintingFor Information regarding the legal requirements for window tinting refer to DPTI fact sheet - Window Tinting for your Motor Vehicle (MR 430).

ADR 10/.. Steering column


The Steering Control Effort is the force exerted by the driver of the vehicle measured at the rim of the steering wheel with any and all power assistance devices operating and no failures being present in the system.

ADR 11/.. Internal sun visors

IntentTo specify requirements for internal sun visors to reduce the injury potential of internal sun visors and the adjacent vehicle structure.

RequirementsIf sun visors are fitted to the vehicle they shall be constructed of, or covered with, energy absorption material. Any rigid structure required to support the sun visor or maintain its shape shall be of such dimensions as to limit the likelihood of injury to the head on impact. Any rigid material edge shall have a radius of not less than 3 mm.

ADR 13/.. Installation of lighting and light-signalling devices

IntentTo ensure that the installation of lighting and light-signalling devices on the vehicle is such that the effective operation of these devices is not impaired.

Requirements• Main-beam headlamps (ADR46/..)• Dipped-beam headlamps (ADR 46/..)• Front fog lamps (ADR 50/..)• Gas discharge headlamps (ADR 77/..)• Reversing lamps (ADR 1/..)• Direction indicator and hazard warning lamps (ADR 6/..)• Stop lamps (ADR 49/..)• Rear registration plate illuminating device (ADR 48/..)• Rear fog lamps (ADR 52/..)• Front position (side lamps) (ADR 49/..)• Rear position (side lamps) (ADR 49/..)• Parking lamps (ADR 49/..)• Retro-reflectors (ADR 47/..)• Centre high-mounted stop lamp (ADR 49/.. or ADR 60/..)• Cornering lamp (ADR 45/..).

Hazard warning signal lampsThe signal shall be given by simultaneous operation of the direction indicator lamps and shall be operated by means of a separate control enabling all the direction indicator lamps to flash in phase. A tell-tale shall be fitted.

The signal shall be able to function even if the device which starts or stops the engine is in a position which makes it impossible to start the engine (ignition off).

ADR 14/.. Rear vision mirrors

IntentTo specify requirements for rear vision mirrors to provide the driver with a clear and reasonably unobstructed view to the rear.

RequirementsDriver’s Side MirrorAn external rear vision mirror shall be installed on the driver’s side of the vehicle and must provide the driver with a view of a level road surface 11 metres behind the driver’s eyes and 2.4 metres out from the plane represented by the driver’s side of the vehicle. The mirror and mounting shall be free of sharp points or edges. The mirror shall be adjustable from the driver’s seating position. The mirror may have either a flat or convex refl ecting surface. The average radius of a convex mirror is not to be less than 1,200 mm.

Internal Rear Vision MirrorAn internal rear vision mirror shall also be installed except where the design of the motor vehicle does not provide for internal rear vision.

Field of View – an internal mirror shall provide the driver with a view to the rear with an included angle of 20 degrees in the horizontal plane (between left and right) and sufficient vertical angle to provide a view of the road surface 61 metres behind the vehicle extending to the horizon. The line of sight may be partially obscured by seated occupants or by head restraints. Internal rear vision mirrors fitted to the vehicle shall have flat reflecting surfaces.


The internal rear vision mirror mounting shall provide a stable support for the mirror, and shall provide for adjustment by tilting in horizontal and vertical directions. If the mirror is subjected to an impact, the mounting shall deflect, collapse or break away without leaving sharp edges.

Passenger Side Rear Vision MirrorIf the design of the vehicle does not permit an adequate field of view from the internal mirror an external rear vision mirror shall be installed on the passenger’s side of the vehicle. The passenger side mirror need not be adjustable from the driver’s seating position, but shall be capable of adjustment by tilting in both horizontal and vertical directions.

The mirror can be flat or convex. The average radius of a convex mirror is not to be less than 1,200 mm.

ADR 18/.. Instrumentation

IntentTo specify requirements for the provision and location of certain visual indicators.

RequirementsA speedometer shall be fitted which indicates the vehicle speed in kilometres per hour. A speedometer shall not read less that the actual speed of the vehicle. The speedometer must be installed so that its indication is readily visible to the driver when seated in the normal driving position.

An odometer shall be fitted which shall indicate the distance travelled in one kilometre units (or less) from 1 to 999,999 kilometres with an accuracy of +/- 4%.

The display of information presented by the visual indicators in the following list shall, if fitted to the vehicle, meet the location requirements shown in Figure 8.

a. Speedometerb. Direction indicator tell-tale lamp or lampsc. High beam indicatord. Tachometer

e. Oil pressure indicatorf. Odometerg. Water temperature indicatorh. Service brake failure indicator lampi. Battery charge failure indicatorj. Stop lamp failure indicatork. Fuel level indicatorl. Oil temperature indicatorm. Parking brake indicator lamp

The visual indicators shall be totally visible to the driver with the steering wheel in the straight ahead position, and with the direction indicator lever in the neutral position, (the steering wheel rim and its supporting arms and attachment do not constitute obstructions).

ADR 21/.. Instrument panel

IntentTo specify requirements for the instrument panel to reduce its injury potential to occupants on impact.


RequirementsThe area of the instrument panel that is within the Head Impact Area when impacted, by a given head form and velocity, the deceleration of the head form shall not exceed 80 times the acceleration due to gravity continuously for more than 3 milliseconds. Refer to ADR 69/.. for vehicles incorporating an inflatable supplementary restraint system (air bag).

Alternatively proof of compliance with the alternative criterion.

Alternative criterionThe areas not shown as exempt in Figures 9 and 10 must be covered with high density energy absorbing material.

ADR 22/.. Head restraints

IntentTo specify requirements for the design of head restraints so as to limit the severity of injury in the event of rear-end impacts (“whiplash”) and to ensure that the head restraints cannot be adjusted too low.

RequirementsHead restraints are to be constructed and contoured to decelerate horizontal movements of the head without concentrations of load on it.

Head restraints shall be provided for each of the two front outboard seating positions.

The head restraints must be mounted on, or be integral with the seat backs. They may be provided with adjustable mounting but the upper boundary of the impact surface shall not be lower than 700 mm above the ‘Seating Reference Point’ refer page 7.

The width of each head restraint shall not be less than 250 mm for use with bench seats and not less than 170 mm for use with individual seats.

The head restraint shall not measure less than 115 mm between upper and lower boundaries.

ADR 23/.. Passenger car tyres

IntentTo specify requirements of strength, construction and standard pressure/load relationships for passenger car tyres of particular size designations.

RequirementsEach tyre shall be conspicuously labelled on both sidewalls with the following information:• tyre size designation• speed category• tyre carcass construction• maximum load rating or load index• identification of the tyre manufacturer• date of manufacture• word “tubeless” if applicable.


The labelling shall consist of permanently moulded characters at least 3.8 mm high and 0.25 mm deep if below the background surface, or at least 0.4 mm outstanding, if above the background surface.

Each tyre fitted to the vehicle shall incorporate at least four treadwear indicators approximately equally spaced, each of which provides a visual indication that the tread in its vicinity has a minimum groove depth of 1.25 mm.

ADR 25/.. Anti-theft lock

IntentTo specify requirements for a lock to inhibit unauthorised use of the vehicle and to minimise possibility of inadvertent application of steering locks to the anti-theft position when the vehicle is in motion.

RequirementsA key operated protective device shall be fitted to the vehicle to prevent the engine from being started and to prevent the vehicle from being either steered, driven or moved forward under its own power.

This protective device and the components on which it operates, shall be so designed that it cannot rapidly and without attracting any attention, be opened, rendered ineffective, or destroyed.

The protective device shall be such that it excludes any risk of accidental operation while the vehicle is in motion which is likely to compromise safety. i.e. It shall not be possible to activate protective devices acting on the steering, transmission or gear shift control without first setting the engine control to a stop condition.

It shall not be possible to activate the motive power of the vehicle by normal means until the protective device has been deactivated.

For more information refer to ADR 25/.. Anti-theft Lock.

Alternative criterionThe vehicle shall have a key operated lock which provides:• an ‘engine-on’ position which permits the normal

functioning of the engine• an ‘engine-off’ position which prevents the normal

functioning of the engine• an anti-theft position which prevents the normal

functioning of the engine and also inhibitsunauthorised use of the vehicle.

It shall not be possible to adjust the lock from the ‘engine-on’ position to the ‘anti-theft’ position without passing through the ‘engine-off’ position.

When the key is removed the lock shall be in the ‘anti-theft’ position and it shall be impossible either to steer the vehicle or to engage the forward drive gears or to release a brake without removal or destruction of the device.

ADR 28/.. External noise of motor vehicles

IntentTo specify limits for external noise from motor vehicles in order to limit the contribution of motor traffic to community noise.

RequirementsThe vehicle when tested in accordance with the requirements of ADR 28/.. the sound level measured shall not exceed 77 dB(A) for the vehicle in motion test and 90 dB(A) for the stationary test.

Alternative criterionProof of compliance demonstrated by a stationary exhaust noise test in accordance with the National Road Transport Commission – ‘National Stationary Exhaust Noise Test Procedures for In-Service Motor Vehicles’


ADR 29/.. Side door strength

IntentTo specify strength and stiffness requirements for side doors of passenger cars which can be used for occupant access to reduce intrusion into the passenger compartment as a result of side impact.

RequirementsAn Engineering Report which demonstrates compliance with ADR 29/.. shall be submitted.

Alternative criterionProof of compliance with the technical requirements of S3 and S4 of FMVSS 214 – 35 F.R. 16801, October 30, 1970 Side Door Strength – Passenger Cars as amended by FMVSS 214-58 FR 14169 is required to be submitted.

ADR 30/.. Diesel engine exhaust smoke emissions

IntentTo limit the opacity of diesel engine exhaust smoke emissions.

RequirementsA diesel engine fitted to an ICV must comply with ADR 30/.. Smoke Emission Control for Diesel Vehicles. ADR 30/.. refers to ECE Regulation 24 Uniform Provisions Concerning:i. the approval of compression ignition (C.I.) engines

with regard to the emission of visible pollutantsii. the approval of motor vehicles with regard to the

installation of C.I. engines of an approved typeiii. the approval of motor vehicles equipped with C.I.

engines with regard to the emission of visiblepollutants by the engine

iv. the measurement of power of C.I. engine.

The label shall be plastic or metal and shall be bonded, welded, riveted or otherwise securely attached to a part of the engine necessary for normal engine operation and not normally requiring replacement during engine life. The label shall be in a position in which it can be read after installation in the vehicle.

The engine, as installed in the vehicle, shall be adjusted to the manufacturer’s specifi cations.

Any cold starting device shall be designed so that it cannot be brought into or retained in operation when the engine is running normally.

The vehicle shall be equipped with a stopping device which is operated by the vehicle’s ignition switch.

ADR 31/.. Hydraulic brake systems for passenger cars

IntentTo ensure safe braking under normal and emergency conditions for vehicles equipped with hydraulic service brakes.

RequirementsIf the vehicle has a hydraulic braking system it shall have:• a control for the service brake system which it is

readily accessible to the driver in the normal drivingposition

• a parking brake system such that in the appliedposition retention is effected by mechanical means.The control by which the system is actuated is to bereadily accessible to the driver in the normal drivingposition

• one or more service brake failure indicator lampsand a parking brake indicator lamp.

The diesel engine shall have affixed to it a durable, legible label which indicates that the engine was manufactured to comply with ADR 30/...


Alternative criterionFade TestWith the vehicle unladen, fifteen deceleration modes must be conducted in accordance with ADR 31/00 but from a minimum initial speed of 60km/h, such that the sustained deceleration is not less than 4.5 m/s2 for each mode and the distance between successive brake applications is not more than 250 metres or the maximum interval between successive applications is not more than 25 seconds.

The pedal effort as specified in ADR 31/00 must not be exceeded.

Refer to DPTI fact sheet - Brake System Test Procedure (MR132).

Effectiveness TestImmediately on completion of the Fade Tests, two Effectiveness Tests must be conducted in accordance with item 7 of ADR 31/00 (i.e. Third Effectiveness Test).

If the instantaneous deceleration is measured instead of the average deceleration, the deceleration shall not be less than 0.89g for any one of the two stops.

If the above test requirements are met with a pedal effort of less that 150 Newtons the Minimum Pedal Effort Test in accordance with the ADR 31/00 must be conducted.

Refer to DPTI fact sheet - Brake System Test Procedure (MR132).

ADR 34/.. Child restraint anchorages and fittings

The ‘Child Restraint Anchor Fitting’ is the attachment point for the ‘Attaching Clip’ of a child restraint system and is usually bolted or welded to the structure of the vehicle.

Each anchorage shall be so designed and located that:a. no items need to be removed to gain access to the

anchorage, other than closure plugs, and items that are removable without the use of tools

b. clearance is provided to allow the installation of child restraint anchor fitting and for the latching and unlatching of the attaching clip to the child restraint anchor fitting without the use of tools

c. it is within 40 mm of the centre line of the seatingposition

d. it is rearward of the seat backreste. information including either a photograph or a

diagram regarding the location of each ‘Child Restraint Anchorage’ shall be specified in the vehicle handbook or otherwise supplied with the vehicle.

The information shall include:

WARNING: Child restraint anchorages are designed to withstand only those loads imposed by correctly fitted child restraints. Under no circumstances are they to be used for adult seatbelts or harnesses.

Details on the thickness (and number) of ‘spacers’ required at each ‘Child Restraint Anchorage’ location and the correct method of installation of ‘Child Restraint Anchor Fitting(s)’. See Figure 11.

IntentTo specify requirements for child restraint anchorages and child restraint anchor fittings to provide for the connection of standard attaching clips so that child restraints may be adequately secured to the vehicle.

AnchoragesEach rear seating position must have either a ‘Child Restraint Anchor Fitting’ or a mounting point for one.


Construction – Child Restraint Anchorages

All anchorages are to be tested simultaneously and each anchorage must be able to withstand a force of at least 3.4 kN.

The direction of the test load shall be within 20 degrees of the “design line of action” of the child restraint anchorage fitting and not more than 5 degrees to the left or right of the longitudinal axis of the vehicle.

Under test conditions, some deformation is permitted, but the anchorage must not pull away from the structure.

Proof of the strength of anchorages shall be by calculation, physical testing or where applicable in accordance with the alternative criterion.

Alternative CriterionChild Restraint Anchorages located through a sheet metal section of the vehicle body such as the rear parcel shelf can be constructed by using 50 x 50 x 3 mm steel backing plates, or plates of equivalent size and stiffness with a nut permanently attached to the underside of the plate.

The corners of backing plates shall have a minimum radius of 5 mm and the edges adjacent to the sheet metal shall be chamfered.

ADR 37/01 Emission control for light vehicles

Alternative criterionThe engine fitted to the vehicle shall be designed to use unleaded petrol or Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) as a fuel.

The engine must remain standard as manufactured and incorporate all design features and components originally fitted to that engine.

In addition, the vehicle is required to retain any other associated components of the system such as the catalytic converter.

Overseas sourced engines will be accepted provided that the engine is manufactured to a standard equivalent to ADR 37/01.

Every vehicle shall be so constructed that crankcase gases are not permitted to escape into the atmosphere.

A label of durable material which includes the engine tune up specifications shall be permanently affixed in the engine compartment. The label may be a copy of the original donor engine label.

In the case of vehicles operating on petrol, an Evaporative Emission Control System which will prevent vaporised fuel from the fuel system being emitted into the atmosphere, shall be fitted.

If the engine is modified away from its standard specifications then the vehicle must be tested to ADR 37/01 or by an IM240 emission testing facility or by an alternative test acceptable to DPTI.

IntentTo limit fuel evaporative emissions and exhaust emissions from motor vehicles in order to reduce air pollution, and to require new vehicles to be manufactured to operate on unleaded petrol.

RequirementsVehicle to be tested in accordance with the requirements of ADR 37/01 or evidence to be submitted to show that the vehicle complies with the alternative criterion.


ADR 42/.. General safety requirements

IntentTo specify design and construction requirements to ensure safe operation of vehicles.

RequirementsBonnet Latching

Any movable body panel forward of the windscreen that serves to cover an engine, luggage, storage or battery compartment must be provided with a latch system.

A panel opening from the front which in any open position partially or completely obstructs a driver’s forward view through the windscreen shall be provided with a second latch position on the latch system or with a second latch system.

Diesel EnginesA locking device shall be provided which prevents the engine from being started by any accidental or inadvertent means. (The locking device must act on the engine and prevent it from starting, should it be cranked by accidental means).

Steering SystemThe centre line of the steering control must not be located to the left of the centre line of the vehicle.

Any component of the steering system which is essential to the steering operation shall be designed to transmit energy by mechanical means only.

Failure of any non-mechanical component of the steering system must not prevent effective steering of the vehicle.

Standard Controls for Automatic Transmission All motor vehicles equipped with an automatic transmission shall be fitted with a starter interlock that renders the engine starter inoperative when the transmission control lever is in any forward or reverse drive position.

Electrical Wiring, Connections & Installations

The wiring of electrical equipment other than the high tension ignition wiring shall:• be supported at intervals of not more than 600 mm• be insulated at joints• be located in such a position that it cannot become

overheated, cannot contact moving parts nor constitutea fire hazard owing to its proximity to the fuel system

• be protected from chafing. The edge of all holes inmetal through which the wiring passes shall be rolledor bushed with a grommet of rubber or equivalentinsulating material.

Exhaust OutletsThe exhaust outlet shall extend at least 40 mm beyond the further most outboard or rearmost joint of the floor pan which is not continuously welded or permanently sealed which could permit direct access of exhaust gases to the passenger compartment, but not beyond the perimeter of the vehicle when viewed in plan.

The exhaust outlet, if to the side of the vehicle, shall discharge downwards at an angle to the horizontal of not less than 15 degrees and not more than 45 degrees.

The exhaust outlet, if to the rear of the vehicle shall discharge at not more than 10 degrees above or 45 degrees below the horizontal.

External or Internal Protrusions No vehicle shall be equipped with:• any object or fitting, not technically essential to such

vehicle which protrudes from any part of the vehicle so that it is likely to increase the risk of bodily injury to any person

• any object or fitting technically essential to suchvehicles unless its design, construction andconditions and the manner in which it is affixed tothe vehicle are such as to reduce to a minimum therisk of bodily injury to any person any object orfitting which, because it is pointed or has a sharpedge, is likely to increase the risk of bodily injury toany person


Field of View A motor vehicle must not be constructed in a manner which prevents the driver from having an adequate view of trafýc on either side of the vehicle and in all directions in front of the vehicle to enable the vehicle to be driven with safety.

No passenger seating position may be more than 100 mm in front of the drivers seating position when both seats are in the rear most position of adjustment.

No motor vehicle must be constructed with a passenger seating position at the rightïhand side of the driver.

Wheel Guards (Mudguards)

The vehicle must be provided with wheel guards (part of the bodywork, mudguards etc) which shall be so designed as to protect other road users, as far as practicable, against thrown-up stones, mud, ice, snow and water and to reduce for those users the dangers due to contact with the moving wheels.

The wheel guards shall meet the following requirements when the wheels are in the straight ahead position:

• The contour and location of the wheel guards shallbe such that they are as close to the tyre as possibleand they shall satisfy the following requirements:

• The lower lip of the outer edge of the guard shall beat least 30 mm deep directly above the centre of thewheel. This depth (p) may be reduced progressivelyto zero at points D and E.

• In the part formed by radial planes at an angle of30 degrees to the front and 50 degrees to therear of the centre of the wheel (i.e. the part of themudguard between D and E in Figure 12), theoverall width (q) of the wheel guards must be atleast sufficient to cover the tyre ‘SectionWidth’ (b) of the tyres fitted to the vehicle, takinginto account the extremes of tyre/wheelcombinations that may be fitted to the vehicle.

• The rear of the wheel guards must not terminateabove a horizontal plane 150 mm above thecentre of the wheel and the intersection of theedge of the wheel guards with this plane (pointA, Figure 12) shall lie outside the centreline ofthe tyre.

The wheel guards may consist of several components, provided that no gaps exist between or within the individual parts when assembled.

The wheel guards shall be securely attached. However they may be detachable either as a unit or in parts.

The front wheel guard itself or in conjunction with other components (e.g. bumper bars) of the vehicle body or chassis shall prevent direct contact with the upper half of the wheel in a forward collision.

Brake Tubing & Brake HoseAir or vacuum brake tubing and air and vacuum brake hose, flexible and hydraulic power hose between the brake power unit and the master cylinder or its equivalent shall conform to SAE, or other approved standards specified for air/vacuum or hydraulic tubing or hose. Brake tubing and hoses are to be fitted to the vehicle to prevent chafing, kinking or other mechanical damage under normal operating conditions.

• any bumper bar the end of which is not turnedtowards the body of the vehicle to a sufficientextent to avoid any risk of hooking or grazing.


Reverse GearAn ICV shall be capable of being operated by the driver from the normal seating position in both forward and reverse directions.

Television & Visual Display UnitsAll television receivers or visual display units shall be installed so that no part of the image on the screen is visible to the driver from the normal driving position unless:a. the television receiver or visual display unit

cannot be operated while the vehicle is moving, orb. the television receiver or visual display unit is a

driver’s aid.

Examples of driver’s aid include, closed-circuit security cameras, navigational or intelligent highway and vehicle systems (GPS), rear view screens and vehicle monitoring devices.

All television receivers or visual display units and their associated equipment shall be mounted in a position which:• does not obscure the driver’s vision• does not impede driver or passenger movement

in the vehicle• is unlikely to increase the risk of occupant injury.

Windows & VentilationAt least half the number of windows shall be capable of being opened or the vehicle shall be provided with an alternative method of ventilation.

Power Operated Window SystemsPower operated windows, if fitted shall comply with the requirements of ADR 42/.. Clause 19.3 Power Operated Window Systems. Power operated windows should not be operational 45 seconds after the ignition is turned off.

Warning Devices – AudibleNo device capable of producing a sound resembling that produced by any siren, repeater horn, bell or whistle shall be attached to an ICV.

A repeater horn is any device which emits an audible sound alternating between different tones or frequencies on a regular time cycle.

Every motor vehicle shall be fitted with at least one warning device capable of giving sufficient audible warning of the presence of the vehicle. It shall give an audible signal having constant amplitude and frequency characteristics. It may be powered by any energy source including compressed air.

A further device may be fitted which emits an intermittent audible signal only when reverse gear is selected. The audible signal is to warn persons of the proximity of the reversing vehicle and should not be louder than is necessary for this purpose.

Demisting of WindscreensEvery motor vehicle having a windscreen must be fitted with a device capable of removing condensed moisture from the inside of the windscreen.

Windscreen Wipers & WashersEvery motor vehicle having a windscreen must be fitted with a power-driven windscreen wiping system.

Every motor vehicle having a windscreen wiping system must have a windscreen washing system that can direct water on to the windscreen within the area swept by the windscreen wipers.

The device or devices for operating the wipers and washer must be able to be controlled by the driver in the normal driving position.

ADR 43/.. Vehicle configurations and marking

IntentTo specify requirements for vehicle configuration and dimensions.

Requirements

Turning CircleEvery motor vehicle shall have a turning circle in either direction (as determined by reference to the extreme outer edge of the tyre track at ground level) not exceeding 25 metres in diameter.


Ground ClearanceThe ground clearance of a vehicle measured from a horizontal road surface to any point of the underside of the vehicle except the tyres, wheels and wheel hubs shall, with the vehicle in its maximum laden condition be not less than 100 mm.

Note: For vehicles with a wheelbase dimension exceeding 3 m or with rear overhang exceeding 1.5m refer to ADR 43/..

Overall WidthThe overall width of a vehicle must not exceed 2,500 mm.

ADR 46/.. – Headlamps

IntentTo specify the photometric requirements for headlamps which will provide adequate illumination for the driver of the vehicle without producing undue glare for other road users.

RequirementsOnly lamps complying with ADR 46/.. are acceptable. The headlamps shall be suitably handed for right-hand drive and the colour of light emitted shall be white.

Headlamps shall be so designed and made, that in normal use despite the vibration to which they may then be subjected, their satisfactory operation continues to be ensured.

The components by which the filament globe is fixed to the reflector shall be so made that, even in darkness, the globe can be fixed in no position but the correct one.

The headlamps shall be so made that they give adequate illumination without dazzle on the passing beam, and good illumination on the driving beam.

ADR 13/.. specifies that the vehicle shall have:• two or four main-beam headlamps positioned at the

front of the vehicle and fitted in such a way that the light emitted does not cause discomfort to the driver either directly or indirectly through the rear view mirrors or other reflecting surfaces of the vehicle

• the outer edges of the illuminating surfaces of themain-beam headlamps must not be closer to the outer edge of the vehicle than the outer edges of the illuminating surface of the dipped-beam headlamps

• the main-beam headlamps may be switched on eithersimultaneously or in pairs. For changing over fromthe main-beam to the dipped-beam all main-beamheadlamps shall be switched off simultaneously

• a circuit-closed main-beam headlamp tell-tale thecolour of which shall be blue

• two dipped-beam headlamps positioned at the frontof the vehicle with the outer edges of the illuminatingsurfaces being not more than 400 mm from theextreme outer edges of the vehicle and with the inneredges of the illuminating surfaces being not less than600 mm apart

• the lower edge of the illuminating surfaces shall benot less than 500 mm above the ground and the higheredges not more than 1200 mm above the ground

• the dipped-beam may remain switched on at thesame time as the main-beams

• the control for changing over to the dipped-beamshall be a hand or foot operated switch within reach ofthe driver in the normal driving position. The dippedbeam and main-beam headlamps may be groupedtogether or with other front lamps.

ADR 47/.. Retro-reflectors

IntentTo specify the dimensional, photometric and stability requirements for retro-reflectors which will ensure that they effectively warn of the presence of the vehicle and continue to do so in normal use.

RequirementsRetro-reflecting devices must be so constructed that they function satisfactorily and will continue to do so in normal use.


The components of retro-reflecting devices must not be capable of being easily dismantled and the retro-reflecting optical units must not be replaceable.

The outer surface of retro-reflecting devices must be easy to clean and so it must not be a rough surface. Only complying reflectors will be accepted.

The shape of illuminating surfaces of retro-reflecting devices must fit within a 200 mm diameter circle. The shape of the illuminating surfaces must be simple and not easily confused at normal observation distances with a letter, number or a triangle. The colouring of retro-reflecting optical units by means of paint and varnish is not permitted.

ADR 13/.. specifies that:• a vehicle shall have two or more rear retro-reflectors

(non-triangular) affixed at the rear of the vehiclewith the outer edge of the illuminating surface beingnot more that 400 mm from the extreme outer edgeof the vehicle

• the retro-refl ectors shall not be less than 250 mmnor more than 900 mm above the ground

• they shall be visible in the horizontal plain up to 30degrees either side of centre and up to 15 degreesabove and below the horizontal

• the illuminating surface of the retro-reflectors mayhave parts in common with any other red lampsituated at the rear

• the rear retro-reflectors shall be red.

ADR 13/.. specifies that:• the vehicle shall have a rear registration plate

lamp so positioned that it will illuminate the site ofthe registration plate

• the field of visibility of the illuminated surface shallbe 5 degrees above and below the horizontal and30 degrees to either side.

The South Australian Road Traffic (Light Vehicle Standards) Rules 2013 require that the number plate can be read at night at a distance of 20m from the rear of the vehicle.

ADR 49/.. Front and rear position (side) lamps, stop lamps and end-outline marker lamps

IntentTo specify the photometric requirements for vehicle light-signalling devices which will signal to other road users the position, orientation and movement of the vehicle without producing undue glare for other road users.

Requirements Front Position Lamps ADR 13/.. specifies that:• the vehicle shall have two front position (side)

lamps which shall emit a white light• they shall be so positioned at the front of the

vehicle that the outer edges of the illuminatingsurfaces are not more than 400 mm from theextreme outer edges of the vehicle

• they shall be not less than 350 mm nor more than1500 mm above the ground

• they shall be visible at all horizontal anglesbetween 45 degrees inboard and 80 degreesoutboard and at all vertical angles between 15degrees above and below the horizontal.

IntentTo specify the lighting requirements for rear registration plate illuminating devices which will ensure that the rear registration plate is adequately illuminated.

RequirementsThe light of the lamp used in the illuminating device must be suffi ciently colour-less not to cause any appreciable change in the colour of the registration plate.

ADR 48/.. Rear registration plate illuminating devices


Rear Position Lamps

ADR 13/.. specifies that:• the vehicle shall have two rear position (side) lamps

which emit a red light• they shall be so positioned at the rear of the vehicle

that the outer edges of the illuminating surfaces are not more than 400 mm from the extreme outer edges of the vehicle


• they shall be visible at all horizontal angles between45 degrees inboard and 80 degrees outboard and at all vertical angles between 15 degrees above and below the horizontal.

Stop Lamps

ADR 13/.. specifies that:• the vehicle shall have two stop lamps which emit a

red light• they shall be so positioned at the rear of the vehicle

that the outer edges of the illuminating surfaces are not more than 400 mm from the extreme outer edges of the vehicle


• they shall be visible at all horizontal angles between45 degrees inboard and outboard and at all vertical angles between 15 degrees above and below the horizontal

• the lamps must light up when the service brake isapplied. They need not function if the engine control is in the ‘off’ position i.e. ‘ignition off’.

(Most commercially available automotive light globes will comply with ADR 51/..)

ADR 60/.. - Centre high-mounted stop lamp

IntentTo specify requirements for supplementary ‘Centre High-Mounted Stop Lamp’ on the rear of the vehicle to provide an additional indication to other road users, that the driver of the vehicle is applying the service brakes.

The colour of the light emitted shall be red.

The lamp shall:• have an effective projected luminous area of not

less than 30 square centimetres• not contain symbols, letters or characters other than

those necessary for part number, manufacturer’sidentification and/or approval number identification

• provide access for convenient replacement of theglobe without the use of special tools

• provide a steady warning light• not be ‘grouped’ with any other lamp• not be combined with any other lamp or reflective

device• not be reciprocally incorporated with any other lamp• be illuminated when the service brakes of the

vehicle are applied.

The lamp is to be mounted such that it is:• in width - on the vehicle’s median longitudinal plane• in height – either not more than 150 mm above the

bottom edge of the rear window or not less than850 mm above the ground

• facing rearward• if the lamp is mounted inside the vehicle it shall be

shrouded to the glass, or other means shall beprovided to minimise refl ections from the light ofthe lamp upon the rear window glazing that mightbe visible to the driver when viewed directly, orindirectly, in the rear vision mirror.

IntentTo specify the dimensional and photometric requirements for filament globes which will ensure interchangeability and correct functioning when installed in a lamp.

Requirements • All filament globes installed in vehicle lamps must

comply with the requirements of ADR 51/.. Filament Lamps.

ADR 51/.. Filament globes

This publication represents the views of the authors and not necessarily those of the Minister for Transport, Energy, Infrastructure, Administrative Services and Government Enterprises, and Road Safety or the Department of Transport and Infrastructure. No responsibility is accepted by the Minister for any errors or omissions contained within this publication. The information contained within the publication is for general information only. Readers should always seek independent, professional advice where appropriate, and no liability will be accepted for any loss or damage arising from reliance upon any information in this publication.

ADR 61/.. Vehicle marking

IntentTo specify requirements for vehicle marking.

RequirementsIdentification Number (VIN). Every vehicle shall have a unique Vehicle Identification Number (VIN). The VIN for an ICV is issued by DPTI, Vehicle Standards, and must be applied to the vehicle in accordance with the instructions contained in the ‘Statement of Requirements’ for the vehicle. The ‘Statement of Requirements’ is also issued by Vehicle Standards and must accompany the vehicle when it is presented for its Roadworthy Inspection.

Engine NumberAn identification number shall be legible and permanently stamped on the main component of the engine at the time of its manufacture and shall be located where it can readily be seen when the engine is installed in the vehicle.

Registration PlatesProvision shall be made for mounting a registration plate that is to be affixed to the front and rear of the vehicle so that no part of the registration plate will be more than 1300 mm from the ground.

No part of the vehicle, including any production options or equipment must be located to obscure any part of the registration plate(s).

Dynamic occupant protection

ADR 69/.. Full frontal impact impact occupant protection

ADR 72/.. Dynamic side impact occupant protection

ADR 73/.. Offest frontal impact occupant protection

These ADRs involve crash testing of vehicles containing ‘wired’ anthropomorphic dummies to verify compliance.

Individually Constructed Vehicles are not required to verify compliance with these ADRs due to the costly, complex and destructive nature of the crash testing, however:• Vehicle designers should consider crash survivability,

and occupant protection as high priority and incorporate features that are likely to minimise injury to occupants in the event of an accident.

• A metal placard must be fitted to the vehicle warningoccupants that the vehicle has not been tested inaccordance with Australian Design Rules 69, 72 and73. See figure 13.

• A permanent label must be sewn on to the seatbeltwebbing of the front outboard seating positions, justbelow the upper anchorage when the seatbelt is fullyretracted, so that it is easily visible to the occupantbefore the seatbelt is secured. The label shouldcontain the warning shown in figure 13 and should beat least 100 x 30 mm in size.

• The warning displayed on the metal placard and theseatbelts must also be contained in the vehiclehandbook or otherwise be supplied with the vehicle.

AirbagsDue to the highly technical and complex nature of airbag design and the associated calibration necessary to ensure proper operation without false deployment, it is not recommended to fit airbags to ICVs.

Gas discharge headlampsGas discharge headlamps may be fitted to an ICV but are inherently complex, expensive and are subject to additional requirements beyond that of regular headlamps. Refer to ADR 13/.. Installation of Lighting and Light Signalling Devices on other than L-Group Vehicles and ADR 77/.. Gas Discharge Headlamps.

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Introduction paragraph Introduction

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