Individual Presentation - Stem Cells for Cell-Based Therapies

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4/15/12The BioBusiness

Stem Cells for Cell-Based Therapies

The BioBusiness

By Dr. Lauren Pecorino August 2001

http://www.actionbioscience.org/biotech/pecorino2.html





4/15/12 The BioBusiness

Reasons for choosing the

articleInformative

Interesting

Relevant

Well-structured

Easy to understand

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What are stem cells?

A special type of "source" or "starter" cell that has

the ability to grow into adult tissue.

http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/tech/stemcells/scintro/

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Why is it called Stem Cell?

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A stem is defined as the

main stalk of a plant.

Correspondingly, stem cells

are the main trunk from

which specialized cells

develop and branch out

over time.




Origin of stem cell researchCellular biology, first studied in the 1800s,

The advent of the microscope gave scientists a first look at human cells.

• cells were identified as the building blocks of life, capable of reproducing and

differentiating into the cell types that make up the body.

discovery of DNA by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953 that scientists began to

understand the self-replicating ability of cells.

• The DNA within an embryonic cell is what allows it to differentiate into cell types..

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Rare cells that can befound in only somedeveloped organs ortissues

Cells that are derivedfrom embryos thatdevelop from eggs thathave been fertilized

Adult Stem CellsEmbryonic Stem Cells

Stem Cells

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http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/individual-presentation-stem-cells-for-cell-based-therapies 7/224/15/12 The BioBusiness

Sources of Stem Cells

E m b r y o n i c S t e m

C e l l s

S p a r e e

m b r y o s a t f e r t i l i t y

c l i n i c s

C l o n e d e m b r y o s

( T h e r a p e u

t i c C l o n i n g )

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Each year it is estimatedthat couples undergo

120,000 cycles of

fertility treatment using

in vitro (outside the

body) fertilization (IVF),and from these cycles

7,500 embryos are

discarded





C e l l s

S p a r e e


c l i n i c s


( T h e r a p e u


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C e l l s

S p a r e e


c l i n i c s


( T h e r a p e u


A d u l t S t e m

C e l l

A d u l t T

i s s u e s

O r g a n s

A b o r t e d f e t u s e s

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Debate

Embryonic VS Adult

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Advantages

E m b r y o n i c

F l e x i b l e

I m m o r t

a l

E a s i l y a

v a i l a b l e

A d u l t

A l r e a d y

s o m e w h a t s p e c i a l i z e d

I m m u n e

h a r d y

M i x e d d e g r e e o f a v a i l a b i l i t y

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Disadvantages

E m b r y o n i c

Difficult to control

At odds with a patient’s

immune system

Ethically controversial

A d u l t

M i n i m a l q u a n t i t y

F i n i t e

G e n e t i c

a l l y u n s u i t a b l e

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Disadvantages

E m b r y

o n i c

Difficult to control

At odds with a patient’s

immune system

Ethically controversial

A d u l t

M i n i m a l q u a n t i t y

F i n i t e

G e n e t i c

a l l y u n s u i t a b l e

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Benefits of Stem Cells

Cure Diseases

• Neurological Parkinson's disease

•

Blood Childhood and adult leukemia• Bone marrow failure

• Pancreatic & Blood Type 1 Diabetes

•

Other Burns• Liver disease including hepatitis

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Ø Parkinson’s Diseaseinvolves the loss of cells

which produce theneurotransmitter

dopamine.

Ø fetal cell transplants forParkinson’s Disease

Ørelease of dopamine fromthe transplanted cells

ØUsed a patient’s plucked hairto grow skin

ØSkin stem cells reside in thehair follicle and can be removed

when a hair is plucked

Ø be cultured to form anepidermal equivalent of thepatients own skin

Ø bypassing the problem of rejection.

Ø used for venous ulcers andburns



Benefits of Stem Cells

Cure Diseases

• Neurological Parkinson's disease

•

Blood Childhood and adult leukemia• Bone marrow failure

• Pancreatic & Blood Type 1 Diabetes

•

Other Burns• Liver disease including hepatitis

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Only Adult StemCells made it

possible



Hindrance

Human embryonic stem cells are still new

Ethical Issues

Lack of funding for research• allow federal money to be used to fund embryonic stem

cell research

• Condition: must only research on the existing cell lines

which is more than 60

• However, only 20 are available in the end

• researchers must also work with new lines. researchers

must rely on private philanthropic support

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Hindrance

Human embryonic stem cells are still new

Ethical Issues

Lack of funding for research• allow federal money to be used to fund embryonic stem

cell research

• Condition: must only research on the existing cell lines

which is more than 60

• However, only 20 are available in the end

• researchers must also work with new lines. researchers

must rely on private philanthropic support

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President Obama recently

lifted the ban on federal

funding for embryonic stem

cell research imposed by

President Bush 8 years ago.





Debate

Video

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Future

A remedy for other illnesses

• Heart Disease, Alzheimer's disease , Muscular dystrophy ,

Hearing disorders , Stroke , Infertility etc

Ability to obtain embryonic stem cells without using embryos

• Reprogrammed Skin Cells Could Replace Embryonic Stem Cells

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Discussion

What are your views on the ethical controversies

of the usage of embryonic stem cells?

Should countries place limits on stem cell

research?

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http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/individual-presentation-stem-cells-for-cell-based-therapies 22/224/15/12 Th Bi B i

Evaluation – 7.5

G o o d

I n - d e p t h

I n c l u d e

s u p d a t e s o n t h e

r e s e a r c h

A n i m a t

i o n s , v i d e o s , p i c t u r e s

B A D

Needs more research

• No background knowledge

Too science-based

Back dated article

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Individual Presentation - Stem Cells for Cell-Based Therapies

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