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Raphaël Néouze – LPO Grands Causses

Individual farm feeding stationsin Grands Causses

Sassari – 30th of June 2016

Griffon Vulture

Sardinia30th June 2016

Acknowledgements

• Several tables from Olivier DURIEZ are

used in this talk.

• Most photos from Bruno BERTHEMY

• Several partners are involved in this

common work

Griffon Vulture


Intention of this presentation

• Give a few highlights about what was

experimented in Grands Causses

• Raise awareness among vulture

conservationists and their partners

• Present the current research programs in

relation to that subject

PRESENTATIONS

Griffon Vulture


The vulture programs in France

Southern Alps

Western Pyrenees(native population)

Jonte - 1981-1986

Navacelle1993-1998

Grands Causses

Verdon 1999 - 2004

Diois 1999

Baronnies 1991 - 1996

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Situation of Grands Causses

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Grands Causses = Many cheep

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Grands Causses = Many birds

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Description of

the Grands Causses

• Wide and high “plateau” that are

divided by deep canyons

Griffon Vulture


• 1968 à 1981 : Reintroduction of the

Griffon vulture

• 1982 : Spontaneous come back of the

Egyptian vulture

• 1992 à 2004 : Reintroduction of the

Black vulture

• 2012… Reintroduction of the

bearded vulture

History of the Grands Causses

conservation programs

Griffon Vulture


Partnership with scientists

• Historical partnership since the 80’s with :– Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle (MNHN)

– Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

• For statistics, monitoring analysis, central data

base, GPS project, dynamics of populations....

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Surv

ival ra

te +

/- 9

5%

CI

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

Num

ber

of

feedin

g s

ites

0

50

100

150

200Model constant

Model nb fledglings

Model nb fledglings / feeding sites

nb feeding sites

Griffon Vulture


Reproduction of Griffon

Vultures in Grands Causses

• A very regular trend...

0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

0,7

0,8

0,9

1

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Pontes Jeunes produits Succès reproducteur

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Evolutions…

1

2

Temps

Nb de

couples

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At the beginning : Heavy

feeding stations1981 – 2001: 4 official « heavy » feeding sites ( very close to colonies)carrions collected at 62 local farmsFood highly predictable in time and space Intense intra specific competition

THE BEGINNING OF

FARM FEEDING STATIONS

Griffon Vulture


In the 90’s farmers are demanding

for individual feeding stations

• Inter-ministerial Order 7/08/1998 :

Acknowledgement of the vulture’s role as natural collaborators in the management of carcasses

• Since then : legal possibility for farmers to

use Vultures has carrion’s disposal system

to get rid of farm carrions

• First farm feeding station settled in Grand Causses in 2001

• In France we call them “Placette”

Griffon Vulture


Decreases sanitary threats

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Improve food availability

First, you type « Grands

Causses », then

« satellite overview »,

then choose « sheep »

and at last, you click on

« latest deceased »

Griffon Vulture


Technical description

• A space of minimum 1000 m2 (30 m x

30 m)

• Dominant and open position (2 sides)

• Good aerology

• A fence (grid of 90 cm high mini…) that

give a physical existence to the device

• A mean to attach carrions

• The farmer build the station

Griffon Vulture


Draft of a farm feeding station

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Reduce threats close to the

farm feeding stations

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An exemple of a farm

feeding station

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Another exemple with

concrete plate and chain

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Some other examples

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Another exemple…

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Photo : Olivier Duriez

A working Farm feeding

station or « placette »

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Another exemple… seen

from the farm

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Farmer building the fence

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How do farm feeding

stations work ?– Farmer has an official authorization

– Farmer manages the disposal his own way

– No more than 300 kg at the same time

– Taxes reduction of 60 %

– Farmer record on a file, sent every year to

administration

– Farmer clean the “placette” by burning bones

and remaining

– Reduce sanitary risks

– Reduce CO2 emissions and transport costs

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Record of carcass deposits

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Situation of the farm feeding

stations in Grands Causses

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Situation of the farm feeding

stations and GV home range

Griffon Vulture


Situation of food supply for griffon

vultures in Grands Causses

• The farms feeding stations

– 152 placettes in Grands Causses

• The heavy feeding stations

– 2 HFP, 21 farmers collected

– ~ 20 tons collected of carrions

– Allows us to capture, read ring codes,

communicate and monitor…

• Natural disposal service by vultures,

represents less tha1% of the total

tonnage of quartering service in France

Griffon Vulture


How a farmer can apply for a

farm feeding station ?– The farmer makes a demand as volunteer

– LPO GC works with the farmer on a technical level

to prepare the application file

– The vet administration check the application details

– The Vulture & Livestock comity validate the

beginning of construction

– The farmer build the station himself

– The administration and LPO visit the station and

validate or ask for more work

– Local “Préfet” sign the “décret” of authorisation for

the use of the station

– The farmer sign a management convention

Griffon Vulture


Feeding stations in France

CREATION OF A REGIONAL COMITY

FOR VULTURES AND LIVESTOCK

Griffon Vulture


Creation of a regional comity for

Vultures & Livestock

• Initiated by LPO and breeders in 2010

• Gather together :

– Farmers’ organisations and unions

– Organisations that run vultures conservation programs

– State administrations and parks (national and regional)

– Scientists

– Environmental police and forestry administration

– Hunters organisations

– Veterinarian’s organisations

– Tourism public services

• 6 “départements” concerned

• Meet twice a year and work together on an action

plan supervised by a “Préfet”

Griffon Vulture


• 4 themes of work :

1. Stating and improving common and global

procedures on Vultures & Livestock

interactions

2. Monitoring and management of food

availability for vultures

3. Communication

4. Survey and scientific programs :

• Monitoring of vulture’s populations

• Evaluation of livestock health and evolution

• New research programs…

Action plan of the regional comity

for Vultures & Livestock

EXAMPLES OF SCIENTIFIC

RESEARCH PROGRAMS BASED ON

FARM FEEDING STATIONS

Griffon Vulture


Competition for food: dominance

No difference between Heavy FS / Farm FS

Bosè and Sarrazin

Fig. 2

n=23n=27n=20n=28

0

0,005

0,01

0,015

0,02

0,025

0,03

0,035

old adults young adults immature juveniles

me

an

+/-

sta

nd

ard

dev

iati

on

interaction rate

agressiveness

dominance

(Bosè & Sarrazin 2007 Ibis)

Adults dominant over younger birds

Videos of focal individual

Griffon Vulture


Competition for food: Age-ratio at feeding events

% young increases with time and is higher in Farm feeding stations

Summer

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

% y

oun

g b

irds

0

20

40

60

80

100Heavy feeding station

Light feeding station

Winter

Time since beginning (min)

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

% y

oun

g b

irds

0

20

40

60

80

100



Summer

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

% y

oung b

irds

0

20

40

60

80



Winter

Time since beginning (min)

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

% y

oung b

irds

0

20

40

60

80

100



(Duriez, unpublished)

Meat SkelettonAdults predominant when meat, immatures when skeletton

young birds prospect more at light FS?

Griffon Vulture


Competition for food: prospection behaviours

Pilot study in 2009

GPS tracking of individual griffon vultures

TechnoSmart

With predictable ressources Traplining strategy?

With unpredictable ressources Random strategy?

Feeding stations

Vultures’ foraging behaviour

- Obligate scavengers

-Central place foragers (colonies)

- Forage and feed in group

Competition for food: prospection behaviours

Results : Repetitivity of prospection routes

Key

Day 1Day 2Day 3

Feeding stations

Nest


Random foraging…

Random

Key

Day 1Day 2Day 3

Feeding stations

Nest

Traplining


Random foraging…

…But also

Traplining strategy

Random Nest

Key

Day 1Day 2Day 3

Feeding stations

Traplining


Random foraging…

…But also

Traplining strategy

Confirmed by

repetitivity analysisRandom Nest

Key

Day 1Day 2Day 3

Feeding stations

SPECIFIC COMMUNICATION ON

FARM FEEDING STATION

Griffon Vulture


A technical leaflet on natural

and official disposal of carions

• Financed by partners,

edited by LPO GC and

distributed widely to

farmers, farming

organisation,

communities, elected

people,

administrations…

Griffon Vulture


An annual spécific news letter

on farm feeding station

• Edited by LPO GC with

interviews of farmers

and specific articles…

• Distributed only to

farmers that have a

farm feeding station and

farming organisations…

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Posters…

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A semestrial news letter on

global vulture issues

• Edited by LPO GC and

partners

• Distributed widely to

farmers, farming

organisation,

communities, elected

people, administrations,

partners, other

conservation

programs…

Griffon Vulture


Last news…

• The vulture conservation programmes in Grands

Causses received on the 15th of October 2015:

The Grand Prix Natura 2000

of the European Union

Category :

Socio-Economical

benefits

Griffon Vulture


Conclusions : arguments in

favour of farm feeding stations

Griffon Vulture


Propositions

• Stay close to the farmer’s profession

• Implicate the farmers in the conservation and vulture’s

food management

• Clarify the means and procedures

• Gives answers and promote transparency

• COMMUNICATE

• Carry on monitoring with partners

• Implicate the elected representatives of local communities

Griffon Vulture


Thank you for your attention…

Griffon Vulture


Griffon Vulture


Les textes de références:

• Arrêté ministériel du 07/08/1998;

• Règlement (UE) n° 1069/2009 qui abroge le règlement (CE) n° 1774/2002

avec effet au 4 mars 2011;

• Règlement (UE) n°142/2011 du 25 février 2011 portant application du

règlement (CE) n°1069/2009;

• Décision 2003/322/CE abrogée par la Décision 2005/830/CE et ses textes

d’application en France:

par voie réglementaire: l’arrêté du 6 août 2005 et l’arrêté

du 28 février 2008;

et la note de service DGAL/SDSPA/N2006-8300 du 19

décembre 2006.

La reconnaissance de l’équarrissage naturel en France:

Griffon Vulture


• Les textes de références:

• Arrêté ministériel du 07/08/1998;

• Règlement (UE) n° 1069/2009 qui abroge le règlement (CE) n° 1774/2002 avec effet au 4 mars 2011;

• Règlement (UE) n°142/2011 du 25 février 2011 portant application du règlement (CE) n°1069/2009;

• Décision 2003/322/CE abrogée par la Décision 2005/830/CE et ses textes d’application en France:

par voie réglementaire: l’arrêté du 6 août

2005 et l’arrêté du 28 février 2008;

et la note de service

DGAL/SDSPA/N2006-8300 du 19 décembre

2006.

Griffon Vulture


What are the needs for

Griffon vultures ?• A reproductive adult Griffon vulture needs around

170 kg of food per year

• This represents on average ~ 470 g / day

• In Grands Causses a sheep weight on average 65 kg (with ~50 kg of consumable flesh ~75 %)

• Thus, in Grands Causses an adult reproductive

griffon vulture eat the flesh of 3 to 4 carrions of

sheep per year (75 % of carrions)

Griffon Vulture


What needs for the colony?

• 529 pairs in 2016

– So 1058 reproducing adult griffon vultures

• Total population estimated between

1400 and 1700 birds

• This represents a global need of 235 to

290 tons per year

This represents 4700 to 5800 carrions per year (used at

75 % )

Griffon Vulture


Quelle quantité cela représente

?• La ressource connue et maîtrisée :

– Les charniers :

• 25 éleveurs collectés

• Soit environ 30 tonnes/an

– Les 152 placettes individuelles :

• 25 brebis en moyenne/placette/an

• Soit environ 190 tonnes/an

– Les cadavres de la faune sauvage :

• Assez peu accessibles, stables et saisonniers

• Estimés entre 10 et 20 tonnes/an

Soit un total de 230 à 240 tonnes / an

Griffon Vulture


Quelle quantité cela représente

?• La ressource non maîtrisée :

– Les 100 à 120 éleveurs « hors placette » :

• Une estimation d’environ 60 à 90 tonnes/an

Soit un total 60 à 90 tonnes/an

La ressource totale est donc estimée entre 290 et

330 tonnes/an (utilisable)

Cette ressource disponible connait des variations

saisonnières mais est suffisante

Cependant une grande partie est non maîtrisée

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