Individual

Differences

and Call

Third Groups

Gian Yekti W

Yudhie Indra G

Mufaizah

Bambang

Presentation Mapping

Individual Differences and CALL

A. Models of Second Language Learning

Models With Independent Learner

Variables

Individual Differences

A. Models of Second

Language Learning and

Their VariablesModels of SLA related to individual outcome which

divided two:

1. Model distinguish between individual telated

variables (Social variables, contextual variables).

2. Model assumses interrelationship between

individual variables.

B. Models With Independent Learner Variables

1. The “Good Language-Learners” Model

2. Monitor Theory

3. Brown And Fraser’s

4. Levin

5. Gardner

6. Skehan

7. Spolsky

1. The “Good Language-

Learners” Model

The model proposed by

Naiman, Frohlich, Todesco, and Stern

identifities:

A. Teaching

B. Learner

C. Context

Two dependent variables:

A. Learning

B. Out come

Continued.....In this model of theory showed that there is a direct

link between each of the three global independents

variables and the learning variable.

However, how these independents variables and

which particular sub-variables affect the learning

variables, remains unclear.

Teaching

The Learners

The Context

Materials

Syllabus

Methodology

Resources

Age

Intellegence

Aptitude

Motivation

Attitude

Personality

Cognitive Style

EFL/ESL

Opportunities

for Use

Social Milieu

Unconscious

Process:

Generalisation

Transfer

Simplication

Conscious

Processes:

Strategis

Proficiency:

Listening

Speaking

Reading

Writing

Errors

Interlanguage

Affective Reasons

The Good Language-Learner Model

2. Monitor Theory

According to this theory, the

affective filter is a major

source of variation, the

success of language learning

varies depending on several

factors embraced within the

affective filter such as

attitude, motivation, self-

confidence and anxiety.

I

N

P

U

T

Affective

FilterCognitive

Organizers

M

O

N

I

T

O

R

O

U

T

P

U

T

3. Brown and Fraser’s

1. Scene Setting and Purpose

2. Participants Individual

and

Relationship

situation

Scene

Setting Purpose

Participants

Individual

Individual qua Individual

Individual as member of

social cathegory

Relationship between individual

4. Levin’s Schematic model

Two Major stage:

1. Diagnostic

2. Prescriptive

Two variables:

1. Input

2. Output

5. Gardner’s Educational

Model

Focus on three main aspects:

1. Cultural beliefs

2. Individual differences

3. SLA

Look Gardners diagram

Page 44.

3 Points that can be inferred;

1. Cultural beliefs Individual

Differences

2. Emphasize on Individual differences

variable.

3. Two variables:

Integrativeness and attitudes toward

learning situation jointly influence

motivation

INFLUENCE

6. Skehan Model of Influence

on Language LearningSkehan version higlight the importance of joined

variables effect on language learning.

Such a joined variables model might be useful to

identify which variables are more influential and

make stronger contribution than the others.

More detail see figure 11

Page 47

7. Spolsky Model

Spolsky model examines the individual

differences resulting from 74 restricted

conditions.

See Figure 12

Page 50

C. Individual Differences1. Age

2. Attitude

3. Motivation

4. Intellegence

5. Language Aptitude

6. Previous Knowledge

7. Familiarity with Computers

8. Interaction with Native Speakers

9. Language Used

That is the end of our

presentation.

Thank you for your attention

nice to have been

with you today,

Good Luck

And see you

again

LONG..T

OLOOO

OONG