28 states make up India28 states make up India•Each has its own state governor and parliament•This governor is the chief executive of the state•The president appoints the local governors.•The Indian people elect the local parliaments•Unlike the US, the national government still has ultimate authority over all state matters.

•India’s government operates as a Federal Republic.•Question-How is power distributed in a Federal Republic?Question-How is power distributed in a Federal Republic?

ANSWERANSWER-In a federal republic, -In a federal republic, power is divided between power is divided between the national and state or regional the national and state or regional governments.governments.

•India’s government operates as a federal republic.•Power is divided between the national and state governments.•The central government has three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial.•The executive branch consists of the president, vice president, prime minister, and the Council of Ministers.•The president serves as the chief of state and acts as the nation’s chief representative.•Most of the real power rests with the prime minister.•Prime minister - leader of the government and India’s top official. •The leader of the majority party in parliament serves as the prime minister.•The Council of Ministers serves as the PM’s body of advisors.

•India’s parliament serves as the legislative branch.•It passes the country’s laws.•India’s Parliament is bicameral (has two houses).•The first house is called the Lok Sabha (House of the People), and the second house is the Rajya Sabha (Council of the States)•The judicial branch consists of India’s supreme court.•They are responsible for making sure the executive and legislative branches carry out their duties according to India’s constitution.

India’s President is President Pratibha PATIL Question-How is the president of India chosen?Question-How is the president of India chosen?

ANSWERANSWER-- The president is elected by an electoral college consisting of elected members of both houses of Parliament and the legislatures of the states for a five-year term. Fun Fact – She is the 1st woman elected to this office.

India’s Prime Minister is Manmohan SINGHQuestion-How is the prime minister of India chosen?Question-How is the prime minister of India chosen?

ANSWERANSWER-- prime minister chosen by parliamentary members of the majority party following legislative elections.

India’s parliament serves as the legislative branch.It passes the country’s laws.India’s Parliament is bicameral (has two houses).

Question-What is the name of the two different houses? Question-What is the name of the two different houses?

ANSWER- ANSWER- The first house of India’s The first house of India’s parliament is called the Lok Sabha (House of parliament is called the Lok Sabha (House of the People) which are appointed by state the People) which are appointed by state officals, and the second house is the Rajya officals, and the second house is the Rajya Sabha (Council of the States) which is popularly Sabha (Council of the States) which is popularly elected. elected.

The judicial branch consists of India’s Supreme Court.

Question-What does India’s Supreme Court do? Question-What does India’s Supreme Court do?

ANSWERANSWER- India’s SC is- India’s SC is responsible for responsible for making sure the executive and making sure the executive and legislative branches carry out their legislative branches carry out their duties according to India’s constitutionduties according to India’s constitution

•Overpopulation (more people than an area can comfortably support)

presents environmental problems for countries like India.•More people means that more land is

used for faming, grazing, and development.•This disrupts the environment and can create areas in which food and vegetation cannot grow.•The need for fuel and the desire to industrialize also leads to deforestation (destruction of rainforests)•As the number of people increases, more forests areas have to be destroyed to make room for homes, farms, cities, and businesses.•Increased population means that more people generally drive cars, work in factories, produce products, and power the economy

•While these are not necessarily bad things they increase air pollution.•In India, air pollution has created a cloud that stretches across much of South Asia known as the “Asian Brown Cloud.”•It is a polluted mass of air that some scientists fear could harm millions of people across the world.•Similar clouds are developing over East Asia, South America, and Africa.•Water pollution is also a problem.•As the population grows, more and more people use water supplies like the Ganges River.•People along the Ganges often use this river as a sewer and deposit for trash, as well as drinking, bathing, and religious rituals.•Meanwhile, in more developed areas, waste from factories can pollute the Ganges and other bodies of water.

Country Literacy Rate

Japan 99%

China 91%

Indonesia 90%

India 61%

Pakistan 54%

Bangladesh 44%

•Literacy (the ability to read and write) is very important for a nation’s development.•Like most other parts of the world, Asian nations work to try and improve their countries literacy rate.•More developed nations, like Japan and South Korea, have high rates. •Less developed nations, like India, tend to have lower literacy rates.•High literacy means that a population is educated and prepared to compete with the rest of the world politically economically, and otherwise.•The more nations increase their literacy rate, the easier time they have growing economically and improving their citizens’ quality of life.

•A country’s location directly affects what it is able to trade, what agricultural products it grows, and what industries it supports.•India trades a lot of gems that are naturally found in the country.•Due to its cotton crops, it also exports a lot of textiles.•India also exports leather goods, engineering equipment, and manufactured goods•Much of India’s agriculture takes place on small farms.•Among the most common crops are cereal, grains like rice, wheat, sorghum, corn, and millet.•Rice is the most popular crop because it grows well in the wet, hot climate that covers much of the country.•India also depends on other key natural resources, such as petroleum, coal, iron, copper, gold, zinc, lead, and bauxite.

•rice. wheat, millet are main crops

•grows more peanuts, peppers and tea than any country in world; #2 in rice

•has many cattle but uses for milk and farm work; do not believe in killing cows

•crop yields are improving but still low for the growing population

•fertilizer still expensive through they use cow dung; also used for heating

•natural disasters strike many time like droughts, floods, cyclones, locusts, disease

• India has plentiful natural resources including coal, iron ore, diamonds, oil, and a variety of minerals and metals.

• It has a large population, second only to China.• The middle class in India is large and continues to

grow.• There is, however, a rather large

portion (28%) of India’s population that lives ` below the poverty line.

•India’s economy is a mixed economy•The government still controls industries and businesses to some degree, but not nearly as much as it once did.•After years of operating as a command economy, India changed course in the last couple of decades.•Leaders discovered that state controlled production hurt India’s economy.•In the last twenty years, India has allowed more private ownership and market competition.•As a result, India’s economy has grown tremendously and the country is becoming a major player in world trade and international business.

•Trade has played a crucial role in thedevelopment of Asian nations.•In recent years, India has moved away from a command economy to a market economy.•It sold many state owned industries to private companies and opened its markets to more foreign trade.•Foreign investment quickly rose.•Development and revenue increased.•Eventually, this increased India’s production

and exports.•Poverty and decreased and more middle- class consumers exist in India than ever before.•Better health care, more public services, improved education and a higher literacy rate have accompanied the economic improvements.

•Trade barriers are anything, either man made or natural, that interfere with trade.•As the world continues to globalize (become more connected), more and more trade barriers are being removed.•For example, when Western nations end tariffs, this helps countries like India.•Tariffs raise the price of imports.•When nations do away with tariffs, Asian products cost less.•This means more people buy them.•However, trade barriers can be useful for Asian nations seeking to protect their own markets.•Without restrictions on foreign trade, less developed nations sometimes have a hard time catching up to more developed economies.

India – Rupee

India – Rupee

China – Yuan

Japan - Yen