Indias Ancient Genius
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INDIA'S ANCIENT GENUIS - ARYABHATTA Source: http://newsgroups.derkeiler.com/Archive/Soc/soc.culture.indian/2007-07/msg00041.html From: CYBERHINWA <cyberhinwa@xxxxxxxxx> • Date: Mon, 02 Jul 2007 01:32:49 -0700 • Importance of March 21st in Kerala. March 21st is an important day in the scientific history of India. This day, 1531 years ago, AD 476 at 1.00 Noon, on Sunday, Aryabhatta-I was born in Kodungallur, Trissur district of Kerala. On this day, 1508 years ago at the age of 23 , he completed the work of his book ARYABHATEEYAM at 1.00 O clock, the Mesha Sankranthi time (and day). It is said he was appointed as the Vice chancellor of the Nalanda University on this same day. The contribution of Aryabhatta to the world of astronomy and mathematics is some thing unique. Few of his discoveries and inventions are presented here : This is presented in the order given in Aryabhateeyam. His school of scientific thoughts is known as Aryabhatta school and he had 22 students of which 12 were from Kerala. *He developed an entirely novel Aryabhatta number system using Sanskrit letters. One should know this number for understanding the great discoveries of Aryabhatta . *According to Aryabhatta the diameter of earth is = nji la bhoo vyaasa = 1050 yojana = 1050 x 12.11 km. * The circumference of vaayu mandala/atmosphere = gi yi nga sa bhoo vaayu kakshya paridha = 3375 yojana x 12.11 km *He gave these values one millennium before the western scholars discovered that earth is spherical in shape. *According to Aryabhatta, the number of rotation of earth in one mahayuga (one Mahayuga = 43,20,000 year) = 1,58,22,37,500. *The sidereal period in terms of day according to Aryabhatta and modern calculations are respectively 365.25868 and 365.25636 ! *That of Jupiter are 4332.27217 and 4332.5887 and INDIA'S ANCIENT GENUIS - ARYABHATTA INDIA'S ANCIENT GENUIS - ARYABHATTA 1
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Indias Ancient Genius
Transcript of Indias Ancient Genius
INDIA'S ANCIENT GENUIS − ARYABHATTA
Source: http://newsgroups.derkeiler.com/Archive/Soc/soc.culture.indian/2007−07/msg00041.html
From: CYBERHINWA <cyberhinwa@xxxxxxxxx>• Date: Mon, 02 Jul 2007 01:32:49 −0700•
Importance of March 21st in Kerala. March 21st is an important dayin the scientific history of India. This day, 1531 years ago, AD 476at 1.00 Noon, on Sunday, Aryabhatta−I was born in Kodungallur,Trissur district of Kerala.
On this day, 1508 years ago at the age of 23 , he completed the workof his book ARYABHATEEYAM at 1.00 O clock, the Mesha Sankranthi time(and day). It is said he was appointed as the Vice chancellor of theNalanda University on this same day. The contribution of Aryabhattato the world of astronomy and mathematics is some thing unique.
Few of his discoveries and inventions are presented here :This is presented in the order given in Aryabhateeyam.His school of scientific thoughts is known as Aryabhatta school and hehad 22 students of which 12 were from Kerala.
*He developed an entirely novel Aryabhatta number system usingSanskrit letters. One should know this number for understanding thegreat discoveries of Aryabhatta .
*According to Aryabhatta the diameterof earth is = nji la bhoo vyaasa = 1050 yojana = 1050 x 12.11 km.
* The circumference of vaayu mandala/atmosphere = gi yi nga sa bhoovaayukakshya paridha = 3375 yojana x 12.11 km
*He gave these values one millennium before the western scholarsdiscovered that earth is spherical in shape.
*According to Aryabhatta, the number of rotation of earthin one mahayuga (one Mahayuga = 43,20,000 year) = 1,58,22,37,500.
*The sidereal period in terms of day according to Aryabhatta andmoderncalculations are respectively 365.25868 and 365.25636 !
*That of Jupiter are 4332.27217 and 4332.5887 and
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*that of Saturn are 10766.06465 and 10759.201.
*Aryabhatta correctly calculated the rotation speed of earth aspraanenaiti kalaam bhoo:= one angular minute per foursecond ( the breathing time of a healthy person = 1 praana)
*Mean angular diameter of moon is 31�����30nd the modern value31?????8?????.*The greatest declination of earth as 24???? (Bha apakramo grahamsa)and the modern value is 23.5 ????.
*The inclinations of all the planets and moon have beengiven by him. The inclination for Saturn is 2???? 30????? and modernvalue 2???? 29????? 20?????.
*Longitudes of apogee of Sun and the modern values are78???? and 77???? 15?????.
* Aryabhatta is the first in the world to give R sinedifferences of angles at intervals of 225????? (3???? 45?????) same asthe modern values, as sine tables.
*The area of square, triangle, trapezium, rectangle, circle, semicircle,etc have been given by him
*For the first time, in the world the method for determining squareroot and cube root of any numbers is given, Circumference, chord,etc of circles,diagonal of various geometrical figures were also described byAryabhatta.
*Volume of cube, pyramid and sphere is given . Also describedthe chord : radius relation, the value of ???? (62832 /20,000 ), themethod of calculating R sine values, arithmetic and geometricprogressionsof various types, calculations with fractions, division of time,spaceand angles, the specific description on the rotation of earth (kuaavarthaaschaapi naakshatraa: = due to the repeated rotation ofearth,days are formed);
*Interesting division of time as 30 times of an year =one pitru varsha, ; 12 pitru varsha = one deva varsha, 12,000deva varsha is one mahayuga;, 1008 of the mahayuga yuga is a day ofBrahma (43,20,000 x 1008 ) during when srushti takes place andexactlysame is the period of one night of Brahma during when the pralaya(pra = glorious; laya = dissolving in ) takes place.
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*The ?????names????? for each day as ?????Sun?????day and?????moon????? day,?????. etc have been given byAryabhatta(Seeghra kramaath chathurthaa bhavanthi sooryodayaathdinapaa: = the graha occurring fourth when arranged in the order ofincreasing velocity are the lords of the successive days, (thatgraha?????s name is given to that day) (the order of increasingvelocity can be written as Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, Sun, Venus Mercury,Moon, Saturn,(repeat) Jupiter, Mars, Sun, Venus, Mercury, Moon,Saturn Jupiter ?????????..repeat this and take the fourth one forgetting the weekdays as Saturn (Saturday), Sun (Sunday), Moon(Monday), Mars (Tuesday), Mercury (Wednesday), Jupiter (Thursday), andVenus (Friday) respectively.
*He explained the ?????westward motion of celestial bodies?????.by comparing with that of the backward motion of trees on the banks ofriver when sailing in a boat forward.
*Perfect description of artic and Antarctic ocean is given inAryabhatteeya.
*The observation of the Sun in the four quadrant of Earth has beengiven like this: In Lanka if it is sun rise, in Guatemala(siddhapura) it will be Sunset; at that time in Korea (yava koti) itwillbe Noon and in Rome (Romaka desa) it shall be midnight.
*The duration of days and night in north / south hemisphere of earthhascorrectly been given.
*Perfect description of Golayantra / globe is given by him.
*Earthsine, radius of day circle, right ascensions, rise ofsigns, Rsine of altitude, Sun?????s agra, Rsine of sun?????s primevertical, Parallax in solar eclipse , parallax of sun and moon,central eclipticpoint, Rsine of zenith distance, visibility corrections etc have beenprecisely given. Calculation and explanations of solar and lunareclipse, length , diameter, velocity of earth?????s shadow,measurement of eclipse at a given time, etc. are given withprecision.Calculations using sine and cosine of latitude , longitude, colatitude (of both celestial and terrestrial angles) shows astoundingknowledge existed in India 1,500 years ago. Many more scientificobservations areavailable in Aryabhateeya.
He said thus: Cchaadayati sasi sooryam sasinam mahati bhoo cchaaya =the moon shadows the sun and the great shadow ofthe earth covers the moon for an eclipse .
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His name was given to Indian satellites for remembering hiscontributions. He is one of the most shining stars in the sky of theworldmathematics and astronomy. Aryabhatta wrote his books when the ?????western scholars????? were thinking that earth is flat and sunrevolves around the earth, etc???????..Let us pay our homage andrespect to this great Indian scientist. IISH has publishedAryabhateeyam with English andMalayalam translations and commentaries
.
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