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Indian painting is a form of Indian art. The earliest Indian paintings were the rock paintings of pre-historic times, the petroglyphs as found in places like Bhimbetka,and some of them are older than 5500 BC. Such works continued and after severalmillennia, in the 7th century, carved pillars of Ellora, Maharashtra state present afine example of Indian paintings, and the colors, mostly various shades of red andorange, were derived from minerals. Thereafter, frescoes of Ajanta and ElloraCaves appeared. India's Buddhist literature is replete with examples of texts whichdescribe that palaces of kings and aristocratic class were embellished withpaintings, but they have largely not survived. But, it is believed that some form of art painting was practiced during that time.

Indian paintings provide an aesthetic continuum that extends from the earlycivilization to the present day. From being essentially religious in purpose in thebeginning, Indian painting has evolved over the years to become a fusion of various cultures and traditions. The Indian painting was exposed to Greco-Romanas well as Iranian and Chinese influences. Cave paintings in different parts of India

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bear testimony to these influences and a continuous evolution of new idioms isevident.

Around 1st century BC the Sadanga or Six Limbs of Indian Painting, wereevolved, a series of canons laying down the main principles of the art. Vatsyayana,who lived during the third century A.D., enumerates these in his Kamasutra havingextracted them from still more ancient works.

These 'Six Limbs' have been translated as follows:

1. Rupabheda The knowledge of appearances.2. Pramanam Correct perception, measure and structure.3. Bhava Action of feelings on forms.4. Lavanya Yojanam Infusion of grace, artistic representation.5. Sadrisyam Similitude.6. Varnikabhanga Artistic manner of using the brush and colours. (Tagore.)

The subsequent development of painting by the Buddhists indicates that these ' SixLimbs ' were put into practice by Indian artists, and are the basic principles onwhich their art was founded.

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Indian Paintings can be broadly classified as the murals and miniatures. Murals arehuge works executed on the walls of solid structures, as in the Ajanta Caves andthe Kailashnath temple. Miniature paintings are executed on a very small scale onperishable material such as paper and cloth. The Palas of Bengal were the pioneersof miniature painting in India. The art of miniature painting reached its gloryduring the Mughal period. The tradition of miniature paintings was carried forwardby the painters of different Rajasthani schools of painting like the Bundi,Kishangarh, Jaipur, Marwar and Mewar. The Ragamala paintings also belong tothis school.

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