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![Page 1: Indian Satellite Navigation Programme N. G. Vasantha Kumar Dy. Director (Satnav & ACS) Indian Space Research Organisation INDIA.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649c785503460f9492dc6c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Indian Satellite Navigation Programme
N. G. Vasantha KumarDy. Director (Satnav & ACS)
Indian Space Research OrganisationINDIA
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Basic Positioning: Today
• Navigation satellites are Earth Satellites.• Follow Kepler’s laws of motion, transmit their Position,
Navigation, Time (PNT).• Provide PNT service through hand-held receivers to users.• Satellites’ orbits and health monitored through an
elaborate ground segment.
10-20 m10-20 m
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All Global Systems have more than 24 satellites each in 19000 – 24000 km altitude orbits. All transmissions from the satellite to date are in L-band.
The satellites transmit the ephemeris, clock and ionospheric data. The details of the signal structure and data structure vary slightly.
User receivers measure their distance from at least 4 satellites through one-way ranging technique. Most downlink signals use Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) and RF modulation such as, BPSK, Binary Offset Carrier (BOC) etc. GLONASS uses CDMA ranging codes with Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA)
These constellations represent a wonderful laboratory for fundamental scientific work
GPS GLONASS GALILEO
Global Satellite Navigation Systems
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Spectrum for GNSS
GNSS spectral bands are:
• L1 (1559 – 1610 MHz),• L2 (1215 – 1300 MHz),• L5 (1164 – 1215 MHz), • S-band (2483.5 – 2500 MHz)
L1 and L2 bands are being used for 30 years now. L5 is the latest and much sought after band. S-band is for Regional use in Region 3. The World Radio
Conference (WRC-12) will discuss global allocation for this band.
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GPS GPSGPSGALILEO GLONASS GLONASS
1164
.000
M
Hz
1188
.000
MH
z
1212
.000
M
Hz
1215
.000
MH
z
1215
.600
MH
z
1260
.000
MH
z
1237
.827
MH
z12
39.6
00 M
Hz
1261
.610
MH
z
GALILEO
1300
.000
MH
z15
59.0
00 M
Hz
1592
.952
MH
z
1610
.000
MH
z16
20.6
10 M
Hz
1626
.500
MH
z
1587
.420
MH
z
1563
.420
MH
z
GALILEO
5010
.000
MH
z
5030
.000
MH
z
Radioastronomy1610.6 – 1613.6 MHz
L5 L2 S
E5
2483
.5 -
250
0 M
Hz
L1 C
Spectral bands for Radio Navigation Satellite Systems
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GPS Augmentation systems in the World
EGNOSWAAS MSAS
2010(?)2008 20112012
GAGAN
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GAGAN is a Satellite Based Augmentation System being implemented by India based on GPS
GAGAN jointly implemented by ISRO and Airports Authority of India (AAI)
GAGAN implementation in two phases GAGAN – TDS (Technology Demonstration System) GAGAN – FOP (Final Operation Phase)
GAGANGPS Aided GEO Augmented Navigation
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OBJECTIVE
To provide Satellite-based Navigation services with accuracy and integrity required for civil aviation applications over Indian Air Space.
Better Air Traffic Management over Indian Airspace.
GAGAN
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SPACE SEGMENTSPACE SEGMENTThree GEO SatellitesThree GEO Satellites• Two operational Navigation Payloads Two operational Navigation Payloads • One in-orbit spare Navigation PayloadOne in-orbit spare Navigation Payload
GROUND SEGMENTGROUND SEGMENT• Indian Master Control Centre (INMCC) Indian Master Control Centre (INMCC) • Indian Navigation Land Uplink Station (INLUS)Indian Navigation Land Uplink Station (INLUS)• Indian Reference Stations (INRES)Indian Reference Stations (INRES)• Communication linksCommunication links
GAGAN CONFIGURATION
INRESsINMCC
GPS GPS
INRESs
GEO
INLUS
User
(Navigation Payload)
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GAGAN NAVIGATION SIGNALS
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GAGAN Space Segment uses SBAS PRN codes 127 and 128 to transmit corrections and integrity parameters to SBAS receiver.
Signals Received by GAGAN Receiver
Signals Frequency Band
1 MHz BPSK L1 (1575.42 MHz)
10 MHz BPSK * L5 (1176.45 MHz)
* When GPS L5C is available
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GAGAN CONFIGURATION
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High position accuracies with integrity (APV-1.5 or better) over a wide geographical area such as the Indian Airspace.
These position accuracies to be simultaneously made available to all airports and air fields in Indian FIR, enabling satellite based landing of aircraft fitted with SBAS receivers.
To provide fuel efficient air corridors.
Better upper Air-space management over India.
GAGAN INTENDED SERVICES
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IRNSS is an independent regional navigation system
7 satellite constellation and ground segment.
Coverage area is about 1500 km beyond Indian territory.
Estimated horizontal position accuracy of 10m in over India and adjoining areas.
IRNSSIndian Regional Navigation Satellite System
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IRNSSIndian Regional Navigation Satellite System
OBJECTIVES
Reliable Position, Navigation and Timing services over India and its neighbourhoodTo provide fairly good accuracy to the user.Most of the constellation is seen by user all the time. Integrity and ionospheric correction messages to user.
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IRNSS CONFIGURATION
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IRNSS SPACE SEGMENTIRNSS SPACE SEGMENT
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3 GSO satellites at 340, 830, and 131.50 East.
4 Inclined GSO satellites at 290 inclination with Longitude crossing at 550 and 111.50.
To be launched by Indian PSLV.
First satellite launch by second half of 2011.
Full constellation completion by 2014.
Space segment will be augmented with 4 more satellites to make 11 satellite constellation with better coverage and accuracy.
IRNSS SPACE SEGMENTIRNSS SPACE SEGMENT
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IRNSS Navigation Control Facility ( IRNCF )IRNSS Navigation Centre ( INC ) IRNSS Network Time ( IRNWT ) IRNSS CDMA Ranging Stations ( IRCDR ) IRNSS Laser Ranging Service ( ILRS )IRNSS Range and Integrity Monitoring Stations IRNSS Data Communication Network (IRDCN)
IRNSS Satellite Control Facility ( IRSCF )IRNSS TTC & Land Uplink Stations (INLUS) IRNSS Satellite Control Centre ( IRSCC )
IRNSS- GROUND SEGMENT Architecture
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IRNWT
IRNSS- GROUND SEGMENT Architecture
IRIMS1
IRIMS16…..
IRNSS Laser Ranging
(IRLSF)
IRNSS Navigation CentreBangalore
IRNSS CDMA Ranging
4 (IRCDR)
IRCDRIRNSS
CDMA Ranging 1
(IRCDR)
IRCDR
Backup INC
IRMNC Computer
IRDCN IRIMS
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IRNSS NAVIGATION SIGNALS
SPS RS
L5 (1176.45 MHz ) BPSK BOC (5,2)
S band (2492.028 MHz)
BPSK BOC(5,2)
CDMA Ranging Frequencies
•Uplink : 6712 .0MHz (B.W 24MHz)•Downlink : 3412 .0 MHz (B.W 24MHz)
21
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IRNSS NAVIGATION SIGNALS
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THANK YOUTHANK YOU
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GNSS- Aviation Alert Limits
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Accuracy Integrity Time-to-Alert Continuity Availability
En route
Terminal
Initial & Int Approach, NPA, Departure
APV-I
APV-II
CAT I
1-10-7 per hr
1-10-7 per hr
1-10-7 per hr
1-2x10-7 per approach
1-2x10-7 per approach
1-2x10-7 per approach
5 min
15 sec
10 sec
10 sec
6 sec
6 sec
0.99 to 0.99999
0.999 to 0.99999
0.99 to 0.99999
0.99 to 0.99999
0.99 to 0.99999
0.99 to 0.99999
1-10-4/hr to1-10-8/hr
1-10-4/hr to1-10-8/hr
1-10-4/hr to1-10-8/hr
1-8x10-6/hr in any 15 sec
1-8x10-6/hr in any 15 sec
1-8x10-6/hr in any 15 sec
3.7 km (H)
0.74 km (H)
220 m (H)
220 m (H)20 m (V)
16 m (H)8 m (V)
16 m (H)6-4 m (V)
GNSS- Aviation Operational Performance Requirements
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IRNSS Data Structure
SUBFRAME
1
SUBFRAME
2
SUBFRAME
3
SUBFRAME
4
300 BITS 300 BITS 300 BITS 300 BITS
1 23 45 277
TLM HOW DATA CRC
22
BITS
22
BITS
232 BITS 24 BITS
Master Frame
Sub Frame
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GAGAN PAYLOAD CHARACTERISTICS
RHCPRHCPTransmit polarisation6.
50 Kg Total Payload weight10.
40W40WRF Power rating9.
15.8 dB15.8 dBAntenna Gain8.
Helix HelixType of Antenna7.
C-bandC-bandFeeder Link frequency 5.
GlobalGlobalFootprint4.
240WPower D C11.
24 MHz20 MHzBandwidth3.
-2 dB/deg.K-2 dB/deg.KReceive G/T2.
29.2 dBW 30.2 dBWTransmit EIRP (EOC)1.
L5 Freq. (1176.45 MHz)
L1 Freq.
(1575.42 MHz)
System characteristics
Sl. No.
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IRNSS Navigation Control Facility ( IRNCF )IRNSS Navigation Centre ( INC ) - 2 NosIRNSS Network Time ( IRNWT ) - 2 Nos IRNSS CDMA Ranging Stations ( IRCDR ) - 4 NosIRNSS Laser Ranging Service ( ILRS )IRNSS Range and Integrity Monitoring Stations -16 NosIRNSS Data Communication Network (IRDCN) - 2 Nos
IRNSS Satellite Control Facility ( IRSCF )IRNSS TTC & Land Uplink Stations (INLUS) - 9 NosIRNSS Satellite Control Centre ( IRSCC ) - 2 Nos
IRNSS- GROUND SEGMENT Architecture
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Challenges in Technology
• Astronomy ( Orbital Mechanics )- Precision Orbits, Accurate Ephemeris determination
• Signal structure – Modulation and Codes• Stable On-board atomic clocks and their estimation • Atmospheric Science – Modeling delays• GNSS Receiver technology, indoor positioning • The ICE (Ionosphere, Clock, Ephemeris) errors• Hazardously Misleading Information (HMI) • GAGAN certification, Software standards• ‘Safety of Life’ system Software and its certification
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Applications of Satellite Navigation systems
Break down of turnover
Personal Mobility
Mass Market Vehicles
Commercial Vehicles
Aviation
Maritime
Emergency Services
Survey
Others
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Satellite Communications and Navigation programme of ISRO/DOS
• Leadership in Satellite Communication demonstrated through the deployment of the INSAT system since 1982.
• Leadership in Satellite Navigation through deployment of GAGAN and IRNSS to be demonstrated in this decade. GAGAN is an AAI-ISRO Project.
• Continue to maintain leadership in these areas to serve India and its people.
• Develop technical and human resources to address technology issues. Coordinate and use spectrum.
• Satellite based communication and navigation systems for rural connectivity, security needs and mobile services.