INDIAN RAILWAYS- AN INTRODUCTION · the South indian railway and the mysore state railway were...
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INDIAN RAILWAYS- AN INTRODUCTION B.V.L.NARAYANA Senior professor / transportation management
Transcript of INDIAN RAILWAYS- AN INTRODUCTION · the South indian railway and the mysore state railway were...
INDIAN RAILWAYS- AN
INTRODUCTION
B.V.L.NARAYANA
Senior professor / transportation
management
Scheme of presentation
History of rail roads
Evolution of IR
Organizational structure and management
Staffing pattern
Management of staff
– Welfare activities
– Negotiating machineries
– Grievance redressal mechanisms
History of Rail roads
1550 AD –
– Roads of rails called wagon ways used in Germany—wooden rails, horse drawn carriages
1776 AD
– Rails now of metal. Wheels metal—called tram ways—horse drawn-spread all over Europe
1789AD
– William Jessop- invented the flanged wheel
1803 AD
– Steam engine built by Richard trevethick
History of rail roads
RAILROADS –feasible due to invention of steam engine– 1789- first flanged wheels designed –Jessop
– 1804 –first tramway steam engine built and used –R. Trevithick
– 1825-Stockton and Darlington railways functional
– 1814-George Stephenson –built first rail engine
– 1826- john Stevens- first American railroad
– 1857 –first sleeping car built –Pullman
– 1869-george Westinghouse –invention of air brakes
– 1970’s –high speed technology
HISTORY OF RAILRODS-
INDIA– 1832 first proposed in madras—bangalore
– 1836-survey carried out
– 1840- lord Hardinge decides to support building of
railways—irrespective of commercial viability
– 1845-two companies EIR and GIPR operating
– Dec 22 1851—roorkee functional railway system to
haul construction material
– April 16 1853- Bombay –thane first passenger train run
– 15 august 1854 –Howrah to hoogly
History of railroads in India
The British government encouraged the setting up of railways by private investors under a scheme that would guarantee an annual return of 5% during the initial years of operation. Once completed, the company would be passed under government ownership, but would be operated by the company that built them.
1862-Howrah –benaras
1870- East and west network linked –6400 kms and 95 million pounds investment
History of railroads –India
By 1880 the network had a route mileage of about 14,500 km (9,000 miles), mostly radiating inward from the three major port cities of Bombay, Madras and Calcutta. By 1895, India had started building its own locomotives, and in 1896 sent engineers and locomotives to help build the ugandan railways .
In 1900, the GIPR became a government owned company. The network spread to modern day states of Assam, Rajasthan and Andhra Pradesh and soon various independent kingdoms began to have their own rail systems.
1901 –railway board constituted
1907 –most companies taken over by government—first electric locomotive
1914-1918—impact of world war I
1920– 61000 kms network—independent railway budget
1940-44—impact of second world war
History of IR –pre independence
IRCA– The Indian Railway Conference Association came intoexistence in the year 1902. AT that time railway network inIndia consisted of 19 privately owned separate railwayssystems covering a total of 8,475 miles. Each company hadformulated its own rules and regulations regardingcharging, booking and carriage of Passengers and Goods.Due to multiplicity of rules the user was very muchinconvenienced. With a view to overcome the difficulties inregard to different rules and regulations and to frame rulesregarding movement of wagons of one railway system overthe other, the Indian Railway Conference Association wasformed in the year 1902. Initially the Association wasconstituted to frame rules and regulations for booking oftraffic and interchange of trains between railways, to actas a consultative Committee and as a Board of Arbitration.Subsequently the Committees for prescribing commonstandards for wagon maintenance and Classification wereformed and by 1926 it was decided to have permanentCommittees and Technical sections covering all spheres of
Railway working under IRCA.
History of IR –post independence
1946 –all company railways taken over by government. 40% railways in Pakistan
42 separate systems (32 Princely state railways); 55000 KMS—Multi gauge
1951- reorganization and merger of all company railways—6 Zones
1952—BG standard, indigenous production units; electrification
1986-steam phased out
Metro built in Calcutta
1998-konkan railway built
Some company railways
BBCI—– The Bombay, Baroda, and Central India Railway (BB&CI) was
a company incorporated in 1855 to undertake the task of
constructing a railway line between Bombay and Vadodara in
India. BB&CI completed the work in 1864. The first suburban
railway in India was started by BB&CI started between Virar and
Colaba, a station in Bombay Backbay in the 1867
– The Colaba-Borivali section (37.8 km) was eletrified on 5 January,
1928 on the 1.5 kV DC system.
– 1936– electrification of churchgate-virar
– On 5 November 1951 the Bombay, Baroda, and Central India
Railway was merged with the Saurashtra, Rajputana and Jaipur
railways to give rise to the Western Railway.
Madras and Southern Mahratta
Railway
The Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway was a
railway company that operated in southern India. It was
founded on January 1, 1908, by merging the Madras and
the southern mahratta railways. Initially, its headquarters
was at Royapuram in Madras but later shifted to a newly
constructed building at Egmore, which was inaugurated on
December 11, 1922. On April 1, 1944, its management
was taken over directly by the Government of India.[1] On
14 April, 1951, the Madras and South Mahratta Railway,
the South indian railway and the mysore state railway were
merged together to form the Southern Railway, one of the
16 zones of the Indian Railways
Name of Railway Mileage
(i) Gaekwar's Baroda State Railway* 736
(ii) Bikaner State Railway 883
(iii) Cutch State Railway 72
(iv) Dholpur State Railway 56
(v) Jaipur State Railway 253
(vi) Jodhpur Railway 807
(vii) Mysore State Railway 712
(viii) Nizam's State Railway 1396
(ix) Rajasthan Railway 179
(x) Saurashtra Railway 1274
(w) Scindia State Railway 294
a) Madras and Southern Maharastra
Railway 2,939
(b) South Indian Railway 2,349
(c) Mysore State Railway 729
(a Great Indian Peninsula Railway 3,617
(b) Nizam's State Railway 1,461
(c) Dholpur State Railway 56
Scindia State Railway 294
a) Bombay Baroda and Central India
Railway (less Delhi-Rewari-Fazilka and
Kanpur-Achnera Sections). 3,522
(b) Saurashtra Railway 1,363
(c) Jaipur State Railway 291
(d) Rajasthan Railway 197
(e) Cutch State Railway 72
(e) Marwar-Phulad section of Jodhpur
Railway 72
a) Bengal Nagpur Railway 3,388
(b) East India Railway (Except portion
transferred to Northern Railway ) 2,279
Eastern Punjab Railway 1,915
(b) Bikaner State Railway 883
(c) Jodhpur Railway (Expect Marwar-
Phulad Section) 795
(d) Moradabad, Lucknow & Ellahabad
Division of East Indian Railway 2,101
(e) Delhi-Rewari –Fazilka Section of
Bombay & Central Indian Railway 313
Oadh-Tirhut Railway 2,741
(b) Assam Railway 1,774
(c) Kanpur-Achnera section of Bombay,
Baroda and Central India Railway 252
History of IR –post independence
1946 –all company railways taken over by government. 40% railways in Pakistan
42 separate systems (32 Princely state railways); 55000 KMS—Multi gauge
1951- reorganization and merger of all company railways—6 Zones
1952—BG standard, indigenous production units; electrification
1986-steam phased out
Metro built in Calcutta
1998-konkan railway built
Railways
Route Kilometrege opened on
3lst March 1986
(1) Central 6,486.32
(2) Eastern 4,281.25
(3) Northern 10,976.67
(4) North Eastern 5,163.31
(5) North East Frontier 3,763.01
(6) Southern 6,728.66
(7) South Central 7,137.54
(8) South Eastern 7,075.05
(9) Western 10,224.40
Total 61836.21
Network zones
Sl. No Name Abbr. Date Established Headquarters Divisions
1 Central CR 5-Nov-51 Mumbai Mumbai, Bhusawal, Pune, Solapur, Nagpur
2 East Central ECR 1-Oct-02 Hajipur Danapur, Dhanbad, Mughalsarai, Samastipur, Sonpur
3 East Coast ECoR 1-Apr-03 BhubaneswarKhurda Road, Sambalpur, Visakhapatnam
4 Eastern ER April, 1952 Kolkata Howrah, Sealdah, Asansol, Malda
5 North Central NCR 1-Apr-03 Allahabad Allahabad, Agra, Jhansi
6 North Eastern NER 1952 Gorakhpur Izzatnagar, Lucknow, Varanasi
7 North Western NWR 1-Oct-02 Jaipur Jaipur, Ajmer, Bikaner, Jodhpur
8 Northeast Frontier NFR 1958 Guwahati Alipurduar, Katihar, Lumding, Rangia, Tinsukia
9 Northern NR 14-Apr-52 Delhi Delhi, Ambala, Firozpur, Lucknow, Moradabad
10 South Central SCR 2-Oct-66 SecunderabadSecunderabad, Hyderabad, Guntakal, Guntur, Nanded, Vijayawada
11 South East Central SECR 1-Apr-03 Bilaspur, CGBilaspur, Raipur, Nagpur
12 South Eastern SER 1955 Kolkata Adra, Chakradharpur, Kharagpur, Ranchi
13 South Western SWR 1-Apr-03 Hubli Hubli, Bangalore, Mysore
14 Southern SR 14-Apr-51 Chennai Chennai, Madurai, Palakkad, Salem, Tiruchchirapalli, Thiruvanathapuram
15 West Central WCR 1-Apr-03 Jabalpur Jabalpur, Bhopal, Kota
16 Western WR 5-Nov-51 Mumbai Mumbai Central, Vadodara, Ratlam, Ahmedabad, Rajkot, Bhavnagar
IR –zonal RAILWAYS ON DATE
Productivity over time
Railway medical services
Railway medical services
Staff welfare
Staff Benefit Fund is an important channel for providing additional facilities to railway employees and their families in the spheres of education, recreation, medicare, sports, scouting and cultural activities. Dispensaries under the indigenous systems of medicine, viz. Ayurvedic and Homeopathic, are run with the help of this Fund.
Important statistics
Approximately 42% staff have been provided with railway quarters.
253 canteens served subsidized meals and refreshments to employees during the year at their work-places.
Co-operative societies of various types are encouraged as a part of welfare programme for employees.
Important activities
171 registered Railwaymen's Consumer Co-operative Societies, 19 Railwaymen's Cooperative Housing Societies and 29 Labour Contract Cooperative Societies were functional on IR during 2007-08.
IR attaches due importance to recreation for its employees and provides excellent facilities through Institutes/Clubs for sports, libraries, etc. and Holiday Homes to enable the employees and their families to enjoy holidays at nominal expenses.
Railway Minister's Welfare and Relief Fund
The Fund provides financial assistance and relief to railway
employees and their families in times of distress. Voluntary
contributions from the employees and Railway Women's Welfare Organizations constitute the primary source of the Fund. Life Line Express, with all medical facilities, runs
under the aegis of Rajiv Gandhi Foundation, New Delhi for
organizing medical camps in the hinterland.
Railway Schools
IR runs and manages 365 railway schools which include nearly 100 Senior/Secondary/High Schools. These schools provide quality education at subsidized cost to about one lakh children of railway employees and about 30,000 non-railway wards. There are about 5,500 teachers and about 1,100 nonteaching staff employed in these railway schools. IR also supports 62 Kendriya Vidyalayas for the benefit of wards of railway employees.
Empowerment, Welfare, and Development of Women
IR is the largest employer in the country with 13,94,520 employees of which 82,712 are women employees as on March 31, 2008.
Various privileges are also available to women railway employees like maternity leave, special leave for promoting family welfare and most significantly Child Care Leave for a period of 2 years which has been introduced recently.
Complaint redressal system under gender discrimination
Handicraft centres and Mahila Samities have been instituted to impart skills necessary for pursuing income generating vocations. A specific outlay is earmarked under Staff Benefit Fund towards Women Empowerment Activities. This is for women family members
Women Welfare Organisations are also being run by wives of Railway Officers who are also promoting the cause of women through activities like nursery schools, crèches, institutions for mentally challenged children, promoting talent amongst wards of the employees and rendering necessary financial assistance in deserving cases.
Other major activities
Sports
Help to differently abled persons
– Concessions
– Facilities at stations and in coaches
– Reservation in posts-3%
Staff grievance redressal system
Pension adalats
Permanent negotiating machinery
Undertaking under IR
CONCOR
– Set up in 1989
– 3500 crores turn over
– 22% profit
Center for railway information system
– Responsible for creation and implementation of major
IT systems on IR
Dedicated freight corridor corporation of India –
– Set up 2006 November
Undertakings under IR
IRCON
– Set up 1976
– Internationally spread
– Construction company
– 2100 crores turnover
IRCTC
– Manages catering, tourism and e-ticketing
IRFC
– Facilitates market mobilization of finances for railways
Undertakings under IR
KRCL
– Started in 1998
– Runs 760 km long railway line
PRCL
RAILTEL
RITES
– TECHNICAL, ECONOMIC AND
CONSULLTANCY SERVICES
Undertakings under IR
RVNL
– to raise non budgetary resources –SPV
– Construction activities
Advisory boards
– Rail users committees
– Research advisory board
Our heritage
– 3 heritage railways
– Rail museum
