Indian Nationalism & Decolonization. 1858 British take political control of India.
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Transcript of Indian Nationalism & Decolonization. 1858 British take political control of India.
Indian Nationalism & Decolonization
1858
British take political control of India
Causes of Indian nationalism:
1. discontent with British rule
2. India unified
3. leadership
4. common language
5. new print culture
6. nationalist orgs.
Political Nationalism
desire for political freedoms: suffrage Indians in government independence
Cultural Nationalism
development of “Indian” cultural identity rewrite histories
Hinduism math/sciences art
Indian National Congress
1885 1st – Indian elite only 1920s – mass
movement (Gandhi) moderate constitutional
methods
Alan Octavian Hume, founder of Indian National Indian National Union, which became INC
Swadeshi Movement
early 1900s Swadeshi = “one’s own country,” self-
sufficiency boycott British goods Indians produce own goods nationalist education
nationalism = mass movement
Muslim League
1906 seek Muslim political
rights
Muhammad Ali Jinnah – leader of Muslim League, founder of Pakistan, and first Governor-General of Pakistan
Gandhi (1869-1948)
leader of INC, 1920s-1930s
nonviolence (satyagraha)
Chronology - early life & training for his future role: 1869 – born in Gujarat
1888-1891 – study law in Britain
1893-1899, 1902-1915 – fight racism in SA
Chronology – protest against British rule builds & Gandhi becomes Indian leader: 1915 – Satyagraha Ashram 1919 – Amritsar Massacre 1922-1924 – imprisonment 1924 – fast: Hindu-Muslim unity 1930 – Salt March January 1948 – fast: Hindu-Muslim unity 1948 – assassinated
Gandhi and followers on the Salt March
On the beach at Dandi, the end of the Salt March
Issues in the Indian nationalist movement method – nonviolence vs. violence
religion – Hinduism vs. Islam
women’s rights
Q of westernization/modernization
IndependenceAugust 14, 1947 – Pakistan (Muslim majority)
August 15, 1947 – India (Hindu majority)
India before (left) and after (right) 1947
Post-Independence Violence
Hindu vs. Muslim 1 million deaths 12 million relocated Gandhi’s fast success
Jawaharlal Nehru (1889-1964) 1st PM of India (1947-
1964) goal: modernize India,
via socialist economics & democratic politics