Indian Innovation: From Gandhi to Gandhian Engineering
81
Indian Innovation: From Gandhi to Gandhian Engineering R A Mashelkar
Transcript of Indian Innovation: From Gandhi to Gandhian Engineering
Indian Innovation:
From Gandhi
to
Gandhian Engineering
R A Mashelkar
Engineered the Indian
Freedom Movement
Innovated through non-
violence
Selfless, Compassionate,
Unconventional
Better world for all, not just a
few!
Mahatma Gandhi
Guiding Innovation Principles
•Ahimsa (Non Violence)
•Swadeshi (Self Reliance)
•Charkha (Tool & Symbol of
Independence Movement)
Innovation
Doing Things Differently
Making a Big Difference
Making Impossible Possible
The Challenge:
Including the Excluded!
Engineering Challenge:
Getting More
from Less
Can all these functions be combined in to one?
Only Engineers can do it!
Telephone
Computer, email, internet
Calculator
Music System
Video CameraCamera
MORE FROM LESS
VPD GroupNUANCE Center
The growth in complexity of Si
IC technology as measured by
the number of transistors in a
dynamic random-access
memory(DRAM)
•Moore‟s Law: Almost since the
inception of the IC, the number of
transistors incorporated into a
memory chip has increased by a
factor of 4 every 3 years with
unerring regularity.
Gordon E. Moore
The Intel co-founder and chairman emeritus
Moore’s Law- More from Less
But this laptop is for $2000
Can we make it for $ 100?
“I would prize every invention of Science made for the benefit for all”
- Mahatma Gandhi
Gandhian Engineering:
Getting More
from Less
for More
January 2006
5 May 2005
10 May 2005
Corporate Gandhian Engineering
More Performance Performance
From Less Cost Cost
For More Private Good Public Good
Value to the
Shareholder
Value to Humanity
Profit People
Paradigm Shifts through Gandhian Engineering
From To
Low Cost Ultra Low Cost
Affordability Extreme Affordability
Incremental Innovation Disruptive Innovation
Exclusive Innovation Inclusive Innovation
Haves
Have - Nots
Price
Per
form
ance
Low High
High
Haves
Have - Nots
Price
Per
form
ance
Low High
High
Have - Nots Haves
Price
Per
form
ance
Low High
High
Innovator
“Innovator is one who does not
know that it cannot be done”
“Innovator is one, who sees what
everyone sees, but thinks of what
no one else thinks”
TATA NANO
Car Year introduced in
U.S.
Horse
power
Price
Model T 1908 20 19,700
Beetle 1956 24 11,333
Mini 1961 34 11,777
Tata Motors 2008 33 2,000
„ Adjusted to 2007 U.S. dollars
Source : Tata Motors
Transformational Innovation
“Very soon, your chauffeur will
drive to your house in a Nano.
You will need to make space in
your driveway for your
chauffeur's car, but more
importantly, you will need to
make space in your minds for
this transformation.”
- R A Mashelkar
Getting More from Less for More
Innovative technology
Innovative processes
Innovative systems
Innovative delivery models
Innovative…………….
Game Changing Innovation:
Phone call at the
price of a post card!!
DEC 2002
Getting More
from Less
for More
The Indian game has changed!!
– World’s lowest call rates
– World’s fastest growth of subscribers
– World’s cheapest mobile handset
And the World is learning!
Technologies to be
• Available
• Affordable
• Accessible
• Appropriate
Medicines for the poor
Current Drug Development:
Getting Less from More for LessX X X
PSORIASIS
Psoriasis Treatment
Leading US Bio pharmaceutical firm
Antibody injection under the skin
Cost of treatment: $20000!
Time for Development: 10 years!
Cost of Development: Few hundred million dollars!
Gandhian Engineering:
Getting More
from Less
for More
Psoriasis Treatment
Cost of treatment: $20000!
Time for Development: 10 years!
Cost of Development: Few hundred million dollars!
X $50?
X 5 years?
X< $10 mn?
“When you wish to achieve
results that have not been
achieved before, it is an
unwise fancy to think that
they can be achieved by
using methods that have not
been used before.”
- Sir Francis Bacon
Reverse Pharmacology Approach(CSIR Innovations)
Drug Clinical
Indication
Industrial
Partners
AP9CD Breast Cancer Indigene
RRLJ-CD-SFE Psoriasis Genova Biotech
NMITLI-OA-JP Osteo-arthritis Cadilla Pharma
NMITLI-DM-FN Type II Diabetes Sree
Dhootpapeswar
RRLJ0125-F09 Hepatocellular
Carcinoma
Indigene
RJM0035 Hypertension
International
Hepatitis B- $18 per dose
Gandhian Engineer
40 Cents per dose!!
More from Less
40% of UNICEF’s Hep B vaccine supply
For More!
More From Less For More!
India’s first recombinant Hepatitis B
vaccine
Technologies to be
• Available
• Affordable
• Accessible
• Appropriate
for the poor
Cost $ 12000 to $18000
4 billion people
Income- Less than $2 a day
Will take 15 years income to buy
this foot alone!!
20 Million premature babies born every year
450 Of them die each hour
$20000 Cost of one traditional hospital incubator
$25 Incubator
No electricity, no moving parts, portable and safe
Aravind Eye Care
Motivation: Eradicate all needless blindness (Dr G Venkataswamy)
Innovation: Organization of workflow- From patient identification to postoperative care
Surgeries per year: ~ 200000
Costs: $ 30 to $ 300 (US costs ~$3000!)
Financing model: Differential pricing (~40% of patients getting it free)
More(higher quality)
from Less (cost) Event Aravind Royal College of
Ophthalmologists, UK
Capsule rupture 2.0% 4.4%
Iris trauma 0.3% 0.7%
Iris prolapse 0.01% 0.07%
Anterior chamber
collapse
0.3% 0.5%
Loss of nuclear fragment 0.2% 0.3%
Retained lens material 0.87% 1.1%
Loss of IOL into vitreous 0.01% 0.16%
From Printing Press to Google
- More from Less for More
- Movement for Centuries
Democratization of information and knowledge
More- Information
Less- Cost and time
More- Access
The Google Search
More – Information and knowledgeLess- Money (actually zero)For More- Internet penetration,
Google MobileBy More- Solicit website linkages
The Great Indian Challenge
What can you search when you can’t read?
- Getting More from Less
Illiteracy in India
• 200 Million illiterates
• Illiteracy reducing at 1.3 % per annum
• Around 20 years to clear the backlog
Can we do it in 5 years?
Can we do it in $2 per person?
By Kohli led TCS team
An illiterate woman can
start reading in 6-8
weeks
Cost- Rs 100 per
person= $2.0
Getting More From Less For More
The Great Global Challenge
What can you read when you can’t see?
THE DARK SIDE…
-1.6 billion people in the world have no access to electricity
- 579 million of those reside in India
Which is ~ 50% of India’s population!
The Leg
Power
Most Modern Energy
Storage Device- Ultra-
Capacitors!
Most Modern and
Efficient Lighting
Devices- LED!
75 watt
Generator
Ray of Hope- Gandhian Engineering
4 min pedaling= 4 hours of Light!
High Performance at Ultra Low Cost
Products From To
Psoriasis Treatment $20000 $100
Artificial Foot $12000 $28
Cataract Surgery $3000 $30
Laptop $2000 $100
Hepatitis B Vaccine $18 $0.4
Gandhian Engineering:
Getting More
from Less
for More
……..and by More and More!
Grand Challenge in Global Health
Initiative(2005)
(Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation)
• Improving childhood vaccines
– Creative effective single-dose vaccines
that can be used soon after the birth
– Prepare vaccines that do not require
refrigeration
– Develop needle free delivery systems for
vaccines
Winners
• Harvard
• Caltech
• Yale
• Cambridge
• Oxford
• From developing world
– Only Peking University, China
WHY ?
CSIR Open Source Drug Discovery (OSDD) Initiative
More than 2 billion people are affected with TB
2deaths every 3mins in India
-Collaboratively aggregate the biological and genetic
information available to scientists to hasten the discovery
of drugs
-A global web-based platform for scientists and students
to share research and collaborate on neglected diseases
-1500 partners, 60 institutions from 30 countries!
Crowdsourcing
vaccine
challenges
“Just as every life is equal,
every mind is innovative”
Democratization of Innovation
Stanford University
Student Competition for
BOP Grand Challenges
Global Indigenous Knowledge and
Innovation Partnership
(New York- 26 Sept 2008)
Copyright © 2007, Procter & Gamble, All rights reserved.
The Last Century: Will the Civilization
Survive the 21st Century?
Lord Martin Reese, President, Royal Society
New Delhi- 9th Jan 2007
Blackett Memorial Lecture Indian National Science Academy
Deep Concerns
Climate Change
Global Warming
Stratospheric Ozone Layer Depletion
Ravaging of biodiversity by modern society
Others…..
Mahatma Gandhi said:
“Earth provides enough to satisfy every man’s need,
but not every man’s greed”
MORE FROM LESS
“I would prize every invention of Science made for
the benefit for all”
FOR MORE
Gandhian Engineering
More From Less For More
…..By More and More….
