INDIAN HOUSING BY INDIAN ARCHITECT

PRANJALI AAKRUTIROOTADOLLYNAIYASHUBHA

1960 – 1970 : Tara Housing , New Delhi – Charles Correa

1970 – 1980 : Sheikh Sarai Housing , New Delhi – Raj Rewal : Zakir Hussain Co-operative Housing , New Delhi – Raj Rewal

1980 – 1990 : Kanchenjunga , Mumbai – Charles Correa

1990 – 2000 :

2000 – 2010 : Imperial Twin Towers , Mumbai – Hafeez Contractor

2010 – 2020 : Amantya , Mumbai – Tata Housing

1960 – 1970 : Tara Housing , New Delhi – Charles Correa

Tara Apartment is one kind of social projects that is intended for the middle-class of Nehru center. This building is designed by one of the most famous Indian architects at this time, Charles Correa, and completed in 1978. Tara housing group has more than 125 units and 375 persons per hectare. The Tara pays deeply attention to the inner activities which are almost happen in the central garden and leave the interaction of traffic behind a wall which is parallel to Guru Ravidas Marg Street( the South-East).

Location: New Delhi, IndiaDate: 1975-1978Site: 1.48 haProgram: Social housing with 160 unitsof two and three-bedroom flatsClient: Tara Housing SocietyArchitect: Charles Correa

TARA HOUSING

The complex is formed due to the combination between pairs of accommodation units. The second floor which is larger than the ground one with a big overhang that rises further approximately 6 meters gives the mixture between shadow and light. More than that, the duplex above is also push back hence front of the below one is protected too. In that way, the whole central garden is full filled with shadow.

The main concept in Tara housing group project is a creative vernacular typology in term of arranging and piling the singular flat into united blocks. By separating with the outside world and providing an interior garden, the building preserves well the private life of families within. More than that, just pedestrians are allowed go inside the housing group and the parking lot is in the back of the building. In term of a social housing group, the project takes big advantages from natural resources like lighting and ventilation and all families are equally shared these features. Indian sense is illustrated in the use of concrete bands, panels of exposed bricks, portals, overhangs and shape edges.

1970 – 1980 : Sheikh Sarai Housing , New Delhi – Raj Rewal

1970 – 1980 : Zakir Hussain Co-operative Housing , New Delhi – Raj Rewal

Zakhir hussain corperative housing

To the east of the site is an Sarai Julena which is a highly dense urban village. To the west, is Ishwar Nagar which consists of plotted housing.On the north boundary is the Maulana Muhhamad Ali Jauhar Marg which leads toNH-2. Across the road lies the NewFriend’s Colony Community Centre. To the southis Sukhdev Vihar.

IMMEDIATE CONTEXT

Some of the concepts explored through this housing:•Urban fabric•Clusters•Streets•Gateways•Inner courtyards

SITE ACCESSEntry/Exit and circulation:

There are six entries to the site.•1,2,3,4 are used as the vehicular entries to the site.•5 is used as pedestrian entry catering to the near bus stop at sarai julena.•6 is the service entry for the site which remains closed most of the time.

Each gate is dedicated for a particular courtyard. Vehicular circulation is limited to individual courtyards for the purpose of parking. Apart from that, the major circulation is pedestrian.

SITE PLANNINGArea : 10198 m.sqGround coverage : 6981 sqmGreen area: 1020 m.sqParking area 960m.sqNo.of blocks: 24No.of unit: 204

Dwelling typologies• Two 8 storey towers were included as a means of providing large units of 130-160 sq.metre.•The two towers form poles at either end of the long site.•Between them are 4 storey clusters of apartments around open areas for pedestriansor vehicles.•These contain smaller apartments (50-100 sq.metres) of which there are 16 variationsto meet the specific desires.

DESIGN PRINCIPLEthe planning is such that there are cubic modules enclosing a green space on the rear side and parking area on the front side. There are two apartments at the ends of the site. The architect is famous for his cubic volumes in his designs. In this design of his, the influence of geometry can be seen in the patterns .Each cluster consists of apartments facing a central courtyard

The whole community is surrounded by a green belt all along the periphery. There are open community spaces enclosed by four blocks of buildings. the opposite blocks are u-shaped ( circulation-wise )

Linear parking system Separate parking for each cluster Symmetric pattern as each entry takes the user into a courtyard or green space. Open space in between cluster of building use for gathering recreations place. No specific place for tot lots. Specific pedestrian entrance at northern gate while other gates are used for vehicles as well as for pedestrian. A specific gate at northern side is used as service entrance but mostly closed. Each apartment is facing courtyard or green space. The other amenities are available in the radius of 200 m

GREEN SPACE•Paved pathways•Space for gathering•Social interaction•Buffer space

PARKING•Paved parking space for each cluster•Linear parking for each cluster in the middle of the clusters

1980 – 1990 : Kanchenjunga , Mumbai – Charles Correa

• IN MUMBAI, A BUILDING HAS TO BE ORIENTED EAST-WEST TO CATCH PREVAILING SEA BREEZES AND TO OPEN UP THE BEST VIEWS OF THE CITY.

• UNFORTUNATELY, THESE ARE ALSO THE DIRECTIONS OF THE HOT SUN AND THE HEAVY MONSOON RAINS.

• THE OLD BUNGALOWS SOLVED THESE PROBLEMS BY WRAPPING A PROTECTIVE LAYER OF VERANDAS AROUND THE MAIN LIVING AREAS, THUS PROVIDING THE OCCUPANTS WITH TWO LINES OF DEFENSE AGAINST THE ELEMENTS.

• KANCHENJUNGA, AN ATTEMPT TO APPLY THESE PRINCIPLES TO A BUILDING, IS A CONDOMINIUM OF 32 LUXURY APARTMENTS OF FOUR DIFFERENT TYPES, VARYING FROM 3 TO 6 BEDROOMS EACH.

• THE INTERLOCK OF THESE VARIATIONS ARE EXPRESSED EXTERNALLY BY THE SHEAR END WALLS THAT HOLD UP THE CANTILEVERS.

• THE TOWER HAS A PROPORTION OF 1:4 (21M SQUARE AND 84M HIGH).

• ITS MINIMALIST UNBROKEN SURFACES ARE CUT AWAY TO OPEN UP THE DOUBLE-HEIGHT TERRACE GARDENS AT THE CORNERS, THUS REVEALING (THROUGH THE INTERLOCKING FORM AND COLOR) SOME HINT OF THE COMPLEX' SPATIAL ORGANIZATION OF LIVING SPACES THAT LIE WITHIN.

KANCHENJUNGA

• GREAT DEAL TRANSPARENCY HAS BEEN ACHIEVED BY THE USE LARGE OPENING AND TERRACE GARDEN ON EVERY FLOOR.

• 2 OF 4 TYPES OF THE APARTMENTS ARE ORIENTED TO THE HARBORS AND THE OTHER HALF OF THEM TO THE EAST TO ARABIAN SEA .

• 62.5%OF THE TOTAL VERANDAS ARE ORIENTED TO THE VIEW OF HARBOURS.

• IT IS ALSO THE CORRECT ORIENTING FOR THE SUNSHINE INSTEAD OF WEST.

• THE TYPES OCCUR AT THE TOP AND GROUND FLOOR ARE A LITTLE BIT CHANGED BECAUSE OF THEIR POSITION

• MOST ARCHITECTS HAS BEEN INFLUENCED BY LE CORBUSIER, BUT BY HIS RESPONSE TO THE MEDITERRANEAN SUN WITH HIS “GREAT SCULPTURE DECISION , PLACED FACING THE ELEMENT

STRUCTURE• WHOLE STRUCTURE IS MADE

OF REINFORCED CONCRETE.• THE BUILDING IS A 32- STORIED

REINFORCED WITH 6.3M CANTILEVER CORE HOUSES LIFTS AND OTHER SERVICES ALSO PROVIDES THE MAIN STRUCTURAL ELEMENT FOR RESISTING LATERAL LOADS.

• THE CENTRAL CORE WAS CONSTRUCTED AHEAD OF THE MAIN STRUCTURE BY SLIP METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION

• THIS TECHNIQUE WAS USED FOR THE FIRST TIME IN INDIA FOR A MULTI-STORIED BUILDING

• A STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS HAS BEEN CARRIED OUT, FOCUSING ON ARCHITECTURAL STRUCTURE, VISUAL AND PHYSICAL PASSAGE, AREA OF USE AND THEIR RELATION WITH ACTIVATES

TERRACE GARDEN

• KANCHENJUNGA APT. THEMSELVES ARE A DIRECT RESPONSE TO THE PRESENT SOCIETY, THE ESCALATING URBANIZATION, AND THE CLIMATIC CONDITION FOR THE REGION.

• THEY PAY HOMAGE TO THE VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE THAT ONCE STOOD ON THE SITE BEFORE THE DEVELOPMENT IN A NUMBER OF WAYS.

• THE KANCHENJUNGA APT. IS TWENTY EIGHT STORY BUILDING CONTAINING 32 LUXURY APT. RANGING IN SIZE APT. EMBODY THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE UPPER ECHELON OF SOCIETY WITHIN THE COMMUNITY.

• THESE APT. ARE BUILT WITHIN A TOWER ORIENTED TOWARDS THE EAST AND THE WEST TO TAKES ITS ADVANTAGES OF THE PREVAILING BREEZES AND VIEWS OF THE ARABIAN SEA AND THE SURROUNDING HARBORS.

• THIS ORDINATION IS ALSO TROUBLESOME BECAUSE IT EXPOSES THE BUILDING TO THE HOT SUN AND THE MONSOON RAINS.

2000 – 2010 : Imperial Twin Towers , Mumbai – Hafeez Contractor

The Imperial is a twin-tower residential skyscraper complex in Mumbai, India that are the tallest completed buildings in the country.

The towers are located in Tardeo, South Mumbai. Construction was completed and the towers were inaugurated in 2010.

Imperial Towers, designed by Mumbai architect Hafeez Contractor as his most recognizable project to date, were designed as Mumbai’s tallest towers.

The Imperial Twin Towers are built on former slum land where the current re-development model of builders providing free land and rehabilitation to slum dwellers in exchange for rights for property development, was first put into practice on a big scale.

This model was used for slum and mill land redevelopment across the city, and across India as a whole.

The Imperial Towers as seen from Haji Ali, Mumbai

ODD FLOOR PLAN

EVEN FLOOR PLAN

The Imperial Towers Under Construction

The towers surrounded by other tall towers and its surrounding

2010 – 2020 : Amantya , Mumbai – Tata Housing

•A master plan incorporating an interesting interplay of mid and high rise towers that weave in the elements of nature - pre-certified green buildings that will have cool air funneled into homes, East-West orientation to provide ample light, south facing sun shading fins to keep the heat out, a majestic 14th floor jogging track, verdant landscaped gardens, an azure-blue infinity pool, 3 tier security and lots more. •Located on the NH3 highway on the Thane-Kalyan Road, a 20 minute drive from Thane toll naka, Amantra is meticulously designed by internationally renowned architectural firm, HOK of USA, with unique features to make your life joyful and a pleasure to live in everyday. All in all, it's an invitation to higher living.•Conveniently located off the NH3 highway on the Thane-Kalyan Road, and a 20-minute drive from Thane toll Naka.

AMANTYA,MUMBAI BY TATA HOUSING

•75% of waste generated during construction shall be diverted to other sites where it can be reused thus protecting environment.•More than 10% of building material consist of recycled content and manufactured locally and more than 50% of this material is extracted regionally thus reducing negative impact on virgin materials and environment.•95% of Rainwater Runoff has been harvested for reusing and saving Potable Water.•Dwelling units are equipped with Water Efficient Fixtures, saving 30% water from any conventional fixture.•Sewage Treatment Plant has the capacity to treat 100% Black and Grey Water which will be reused fro Flushing and Landscaping purposes, hence saving Potable Water.•Campus follows Waste Management Plan to encourage recycling of office wastes like papers, news papers, plastics, and glass by having waste segregation at each floor and a central collection and disposal/recycle facility.•Campus does not have any harmful refrigerant for Air-conditioning, Fire suppression or any other mechanical systems. Hence, helping maintain the atmosphere’s ability to protect people from harmful, cancer-causing UV rays.

•Residents will enjoy an increased ventilation of 30% from my other conventional counter-parts and it is a strictly No-Smoking premise. Materials such as adhesives, sealants, paints, coatings, carpet, carpet adhesives and composite woods used inside me have low VOC (Volatile Organic Compound). Campus offer better Indoor Environment Quality