Indian Experience with Smart Grid Applications - Distribution Sector

Presented bySubrata Mukhopadhyay

GTBIT, GGS Indraprastha University, New Delhiwith contributions from

Uttam S. Mane, North Discom, HaryanaL. Ravi, BESCOM, Bengaluru

Pankaj Batra, CEA, New DelhiVijay L. Sonavane, MERC, Mumbai

Haresh Vaghasiya, TPDDL, Delhi

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Definition of Smart Grid

• A smart grid is a modernized electrical grid that uses analog or digital information and communications technology to gather and act on information, such as information about the behaviors of suppliers and consumers, in an automated fashion to improve the efficiency, reliability, economics, and sustainability of the production and distribution of electricity.

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Schematic Representation

Conceptual Reference Model (NIST)

Objective of RAPDRPInitially APDP (Accelerated Power Development Program), followed by APDRP(Accelerated Power Development & Reforms Program), then RAPDRP (Restructured Accelerated Power Development & Reforms Program) focusing on the actual demonstrable performance in terms of• Aggregate Technical & Commercial Loss (AT&C) loss reduction• Establishment of reliable and automated sustainable systems for

collection of base line data• Adoption of Information Technology in the areas of Energy

Accounting • Consumer care • Strengthening of Distribution Network of State Power Utilities • Establishment of Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition System

(SCADA) / Distribution Management System (DMS) in large towns• Capacity building• Incentive scheme for distribution personnel, etc.

Scope of Work - Overview– Hardware & LAN Implementation for Data Center (Main + Redundant =>

Dual)– IT Center (Zone & Circle), Division, Subdivision, Section Offices– Substations (Feeders), HT Consumers, Distribution Transformers (DTs)

• State Wide Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) Network- One Time Equipment, Installation, and Commissioning

– Recurring Bandwidth Charges– Facility Management Services (FMS) & Annual Maintenance– Software- Centralized, Web Based Meter Data Acquisition – Energy Audit – New Connection– Disconnection & Dismantling– GIS based Consumer Indexing and Asset Mapping– Centralized Customer Care Services– MIS– Web Self-Service

• (Required) integration of above modules with Identity and Access Management

– Document Management System– System Security

• SCADA / DMS

Issues & Solution under Smart Grid ConceptManual– Meter Reading that is time consuming and susceptible to

human error (as Meters without communication facility)– Sub Station Operations– Complaint handling– Load Shedding on account of gap in demand and supply

On the other hand – A Smart Grid is an energy transmission and distribution

network with embedded control, IT and Communications capabilities.

– It provides a real-time, two-way flow of energy and information to all stakeholders in the electricity chain, from the generation plant to the end-user.

Smart Grid Functionalities at Distribution Level

• Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI)• Substation Automation• SCADA / DMS• Outage Management System• Renewable Integration• Electricity Storage• Electrical Vehicles

All these cater to near real-time analytics technologies for meter analytics as well as near real-time event insights comingfrom SCADA systems.

• Government of India had kept 2 Billion Rupees for20 Smart Grid Pilot Projects in India, for publicdistribution utilities, with matching contributionfrom the State utility.

• Most of the 14 Projects selected involve installationof Smart Meters for the purpose of reduction indistribution losses.

Functionalities covered under these projects are:

- -- 14 Smart Grid Projects

02468

101214

PQM AMIOM

PLM

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13

7

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PQM- Power Quality Management AMI- Advanced Metering InfrastructureOMS- Outage Management System PLM- Peak Load Management

Smart Grid Pilot Project Program in India

Changes & Benefits with AMI• Introduction of Smart Meters and Data Concentrator Units (DCUs)

under Advanced Measuring Infrastructure (AMI) for remote, regular &reliable reading

• Consumption pattern monitoring at customer level enablingidentification of actual load and its variation as against sanctioned loadfor suggesting Energy Conservation measures based on real-time data,which is also useful for demand forecasting and management andtaking advantage of dynamic tariffs, like, Time of Day (TOD) tariff,deployment of pre-paid metering arrangement

• Web-based access to meter data to authorized users of Discoms fortrending with archival of data and integration to Billing system

• Remote connect / disconnect for various purposes, like, initialconnection, payment not made, payment made after disconnection,temper detection and theft control, load curtailment & control, etc. andenabling partial (individual / group of consumers) rather than feederlevel outage remotely

Effect of Introducing SCADA / DMS• SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) / DMS (Distribution

Management System) will involve installation of– Remote Terminal Units (RTUs) even at Feeder level (Feeder RTU),

Numerical Relays, Motorized Feeder Breakers and Ring Main Units (RMUs), Smart Meters with all Distribution Transformers (DTs)

• With the accessibility and hence availability of data, analysis, and storage, prior detection of contingency possible for remedial action, like, load transfer or rearrangement, load curtailment or shedding, etc.

• Safety of operating personnel ensured due to remote operation• Network reliability, voltage-var control, etc. possible along with integration

with other IT applications, such as, GIS (Geographical Information System), AMR (Automated Meter Reading) under Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

Bringing into the System OMS

• Outage detection through AMI system as well asSCADA / DMS and CRM (Customer Relation Management)System and communication to Customer Care and BillingSystems as well as to Outage Management System (OMS)for informing customer

• OMS finds out the cause of outage and Work AssetManagement used for maintenance activities

• Integrated GIS and OMS provides location of switches, andoutage portal evolved based on analysis to enable repairing action

• On completion of repairs in Work Asset Management,Financials Systems and OMS get updated.

• Restoration verification done through AMI time series data• OMS informs customer back with Outage portal, Customer

Care and Billing Systems get updated.

Overall Benefits of the Integrated Solution

• Quicker fault location & restoration leading to Lowerdowntime

• Improved voltage profile with minimization of losses• Protection from overloading, etc. with longevity of

equipment life• Proper planning of the network for effective

utilization of power• Proper load shedding• Customer satisfaction

Smart Grid Application in Distribution Sector

• In Delhi by TPDDL (Tata Power Delhi Distribution Limited) with Key objectives to achieve Smart Grid – Cost Efficiency, Reliability & Safety, Sustainable

Energy, and Customer Affection

• Through– Smart Customers, Smart Initiatives, Smart

Technologies, and Smart Business Partners

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Smart Grid Pilot Project in Delhi

• Approach to follow a Smart Grid Roadmap

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Smart Grid Pilot Project in Delhi• Gap Assessment Process

– Impact Areas• Foundational / Basic-Inherent, Safety, Reliability,

Operational Efficiency, AT&C Loss Reduction, Customer Satisfaction, Asset Management / Optimization, Peak Load Management, Optimized Network Planning, Power Quality, Sustainability

– Gap Types • Technology, Integration, Process, Data, Business /

Organization

– Technology & Resource Requirement• Overall Priority & Recommendations

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Smart Grid Pilot Project in Delhi

• Recommended Initiatives • Technology Refresh • Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) / Meter Data Management System (MDMS) and Enterprise integration with Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) • Integrated Communication Technologies • Business Intelligence / Data Analytics • Field Force Automation / Mobile Workforce Management

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Smart Grid Pilot Project in Delhi• Automated Demand Response (ADR) with

Smart Meter under Smart Grid Pilot Project• Participation of 250 Commercial & Industrial Consumers with saving potential of 20 MW • Project Objectives– to manage peak demand– to manage Grid Stress situations

• Project Components include– Automated Demand Response infrastructure (Honeywell)– Smart Meters (Landis-Gyr)– RF Mesh based Communication (Gridstream, Landis-Gyr)

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Smart Grid Pilot Project in Delhi– Meter Data Management System (MDMS) (Ecologic, Landis-Gyr) and its integration with other Operations Technology (OT) & Information Technology (IT) systems like OMS (Outage Management System), SAP (Systems, Applications, Products), ADR (Automated Demand Response)

• Collaborative partnership with selected vendors

• Project undertaken to demonstrate

– Technological capability – Understand customer behavior – Case study for regulator to work on differential tariffs and financial incentives – Processes required for scaling up

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Smart Grid Pilot Project in Delhi20

Smart Grid Pilot Project in Delhi

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Smart Grid Pilot Project in Bombay

• Under Smart Grid Priorities– No more power cuts, Prosumer (Producer +

Consumer) enablement– Reduce AT&C losses, improve quality of power– Manage peak power, demand response– Integrate Renewable Energy Sources, Distributed

Generation, EV proliferation efficientlyfor Bombay (Mumbai) Metro pilot project

undertaken for Peak Load Management (PLM) with Demand Response (DR) assessed

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Smart Grid Pilot Project in Bombay

• DR in Bombay (Mumbai) Metro– Peak: 3,300 MW (Base: 1,900 MW)– 5 hrs/day, 22 days/month =>1,320 hrs/yr– Short term Power Purchase has great impact on

tariff, hence need for peak reduction– Peak Power Purchase Rs.8/KWH for 100 hrs with

10% distribution loss cost Rs.8.90/KWH, as against Commercial tariff of Rs.5.50-6.00/KWH

– About 35-40% peak load (1,000 MW) due to air-conditioning

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Smart Grid Pilot Project in Bombay• DSM in this context is with air-conditioning load for 8 hrs/day, 22

days/month as the best option • Demand rising over stripping supply – option either to increase

supply or carry out load shedding• Instead grid operators called for a peak reduction by using

individual facilities’ ability to reduce usage when the grid is stressed• India’s first DR program in Commercial & Industrial segment

resulted in about 25 MW load reduction and 0.22 MU of energy saving in Bandra-Kurla Complex due to measures undertaken, like– Turning off 1 out of 4 lifts in the high-rise buildings– Pre-cooling of buildings in early morning hours– Turning on Emergency Generator (also used for testing)– Turning off non-essential lightings

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Smart Grid Pilot Project in Bangalore

• At Indiranagar area of Bangalore under implementation aiming at– Customer satisfaction– Regulatory compliance– Meeting stakeholders’ expectation– Monitoring and control system

Smart Grid Pilot Project in Bangalore• Suitability for Selection

– Small Area (25 sq. km.)– High per capita energy consumption (3,300

units)– Modern Distribution Network (RMU, IT Infra

and SCADA)– Moderate No. of consumers (63,000) and DTs

(680)– Low Aggregate Technical & Commercial (AT&C)

Losses (4.56%) – Educated and IT savvy consumers

Smart Grid Pilot Project in Bangalore• Drivers for the project

– Online visualization of energy consumption up to consumer to have better forecasting for efficient energy management

– Continuous two-way communication between Utility & consumer for implementation of Demand Response (DR) / Demand Side Management (DSM) programs

– Peak Load Management (PLM) for reduction in peak energy purchases, deferment of capital expenditure for enhancement of capacity

– Monitoring of Outage & Power Quality up to consumer level in place of existing practice of feeder level

– Encouragement to consumers for small rooftop solar Photo-Voltaic (PV) system installation for Green Energy benefits

Smart Grid Pilot Project in Bangalore• Smart Grid Attributes at Indiranagar

– Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI)» Smart Meters, DCUs, MDAS (Meter Data

Acquisition System), MDMS & CommunicationInfrastructure and integration with existing ITsystem

» Total 62,822 consumers covered, Consumers /DTs covered in R-APDRP not considered

– Peak Load Management» Use of proposed AMI» 15 % reduction in Peak load using Demand Side

Management and Demand Response

Smart Grid Pilot Project in Bangalore• Architecture for AMI & PLM

Smart Grid Pilot Project in Bangalore• Benefits of AMI as envisaged• Reduction in Meter Reading Cost

– Manpower Cost – Vehicle Cost

• Reduction in Field and Meter Services– Reduction in manual disconnect / reconnect cost – Reduction in Manual Off-Cycle / Special Meter Reading – Reduction in Outage Services

• Reduction in unaccounted Energy – Theft / Tamper Detection & Reduction – Faster Identification of Dead Meters

• Better Distribution System Management

Smart Grid Pilot Project in Bangalore• Benefits of PLM as envisaged Reduction in the Peak Load and thereby the short term power

purchase cost to meet these needs including Avoided Transmission& Distribution Costs

Delay in the overloading of power systems assets thereby reducingthe capacity cost involved in replacing the same

With daily 6 hours peak load (3 hours in morning & 3 hours inevening), per year energy consumption would be about 80 MU.

15% shift in peak load would mean 12 MU would be consumed atother than peak timing in place of peak load timings.

Shifting of 12 MU of energy consumption would benefit utility ofRs. 48.4 Million annually.

Conclusions• Like transmission sector, India is poised for Smart

Grid applications in distribution sector, though the amount of work involved is enormous due to large scale decentralization and number of entities.

• Some pilot projects undertaken and under implementation are promising substantial outcome.

• Expected benefits range from AT&C loss reduction, producer-consumer participation through enablement due to OT & IT, integration of RES, Distributed Generation, & EV, with AMI, PLM based on DR, etc., ultimately leading to customer satisfaction as well.