Batch XIII B

Kavita Karunakaran

Roll No: 73

EMBA

The U.S.-India Nuclear Deal

Introduction

• In August 2007, India and the United States reached a bilateral agreement on civilian nuclear cooperation

• joint statement released by President Bush and Prime Minister Manmohan Singh on July 18, 2005

What are the terms of the deal? • India agreed to separate its civil and military

nuclear facilities and place its civil facilities under IAEA safeguards and, in exchange, the United States agreed to work toward full civil nuclear cooperation with India.

• India must keep its military reactors separate from the Civilian. The use of technology is only for civilian purpose. (To make power)

• India cannot use the nuclear technology for military purpose (Making Nuclear Bombs)

• India commits to strengthening the security of its nuclear arsenals.

• The companies from U.S and NSG countries will be allowed to build nuclear reactors in India and provide nuclear fuel for its civilian energy program

What kind of technology would India receive in return?

• India would be eligible to buy nuclear technology from NSG countries which includes the USA. (There are 45 countries in nuclear suppliers group)

• India will get Nuclear reactors and Fuel for making power for energy hungry India

• India will become the only one country that gets Nuclear technology without signing NPT.

What is NPT?

• Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) is a treaty to limit the spread of nuclear weapons, There are currently 189 countries signed the treaty.

• Five of which have nuclear weapons: the US, UK, France Russia, and China

• Only four recognized sovereign states are not parties to the treaty: India, Israel, Pakistan and North Korea.

• India and Pakistan both possess and have openly tested nuclear bombs. Israel is believed to have nuclear weapons. North Korea acceded to the treaty, violated it, and later withdrew.

The history of India’s nuclear program

• 1950:The United States helped India develop nuclear energy under the Atoms for Peace program.

• 1968: India refused to sign the NPT, claiming it was biased. (only 3 countries in the world never signed NPT. they are India, Pakistan, and Israel. North Korea signed but withdrew later)

• 1974: India tested its first nuclear bomb Which was made by the materials from the Canadian reactor in tarapur which supposed to be used only for civilian purpose.

History continues…

• After our first Nuclear bomb test, Canada,and US stopped selling nuclear fuel for Tarapur reactor.

• United States and other NSG countries isolated India for three decades, refusing nuclear cooperation and trying to convince other countries to do the same

• 2000: The United States has moved to build a "strategic partnership" with India.

What are the objections to this agreement from India?

• Communist party claims, This agreement make India to change its foreign policy and lean more towards America. They are scared of an alliance with USA.

• They also claims India cannot make more nuclear bombs. In fact India’s Military reactors are not affected by this agreement. India can still make as many bombs as they want but only using our technology not foreign.

What are the objections to this agreement from USA and NSG?

• Some American law makers and some countries in NSG are against giving nuclear technology to India.

• They fear by giving Nuclear fuel to Indian civilian program, it will free up the Indian made nuclear materials to make more bombs in our Military facilities where no IAEA inspectors can go. In fact we can actually do that and they have valid fear.

What USA gets from this agreement?

• U.S. expects that such a deal could spur India's economic growth and bring in $150 billion in the next decade for nuclear power plants, of which the US wants a share.

• U.S. also expects India’s economic growth will make a counterweight to China.

• All in all the oldest democracy wants a strategic partnership with the largest democracy.

• In the best interest of U.S to secure its energy needs of coal, crude oil and natural gas.

India’s benefit• The Indian government has planned to go ahead with

this Nuclear deal .• India’s economical growth is 8-10% a year and in 10

years we won’t be able to keep up without clean Nuclear energy.

• In order for India to become a developed nation, we must have Nuclear energy.

• Reliable power brings more foreign investments to India just like our reliable IT firms bringing Billions of rupees.

• We want to be the world’s manufacturer like China. • This will bring more and more job opportunities to India• No power means no factories, no manufacturing plants,

no growth, and no job. • This agreement makes the world to accept India as a

Nuclear power.