BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHONOLOGYMESRA, RANCHI

(DEPARTMENT OF SPACE ENGINEERING AND ROCKETRY)

MISSILE AERODYNAMICS

ASSIGNMENT ON

INDIA SURFACE TO SURFACE MISSILES

SENTHIL KUMAR . R

1780 ,the Battle of Guntur.

1801 , William Congreve

Senthilkumar.R

Tipu’s missile - kushoons No control surfaces

Nose cone and a cylinder

Long sword is warhead

Second Anglo-Mysore war, at the Battle of Pollilur (10 September 1780), Battle of Srirangapattana in 1792.

We supplied the missile technology to the worldSenthilkumar.R

Surface to surface Missiles

Prithvi Agni

Post Independence

Senthilkumar.R

Prithvi - I

9 m

1.1 m

Short-Range ballistic missile.

(Range of 150-330 km )

Design started in 1983 and Tested in 1988.

Four Delta-shaped wings.

Weight = 4000 Kg. payload of 500 kg to 1,000 kg

Transporter-erector-launcher (TEL)

Senthilkumar.R

Advantages

• Missile is capable of being manoeuvred up to 15 degree .

• Thrust termination Multiple payload , Multiple Range

• CEP of .01 % of its Range i.e., 10m<250m• For a nuclear, biological or chemical warhead

Prithvi - I

Disadvantages

• Missile volatile liquid fuel launch mode must be loaded immediately prior to launch.

Senthilkumar.R

Prithvi Some 100-150 Prithvi SRBMs have been produced, but how many

have been issued is unclear.

During the 1999 Kargil confrontation, it has been alleged that 4 Prithvi SS-250 were fitted with nuclear warheads to guard against any Pakistani nuclear blackmail

Behind enemy lines

Prithvi Missile Systems are gradually being inducted into the IAF.

Senthilkumar.R

Senthilkumar.R

Prithvi III Tested on On March 19, 2004 . tested on October 27, 2004 (underwater launch).

Range 250-330 Km

Payload of 500 -1000 Kg

Two stage, solid fuel, road-mobile

Sagarika and Prithvi-III are two different names for the same missile.

This medium-range missile can also be launched from a submerged submarine (Project K-15).

Senthilkumar.R

Prithvi-I SS-150 Prithvi-II SS-250 Prithvi-III SS-350

Length (m) 9 8.56 8.56

Maximum Diameter (m) 1.1 1.1 1.0 20

Launch Weight

(Inc Payload) (Kg)

4,400 4,600 5,600

Propellant Liquid IRFNA and Xylidiene +

Triethylamine

Liquid IRFNA and Xylidiene +

Triethylamine

Solid HTPB/AP/Al

Number of engines 2 (gimbaled) 1

Case material Aluminum alloy Aluminum alloy Steel

Stage Fuel-Mass-Ratio 0.79 21 0.7922 0.76 23

Payload (Kg) 800-1,000 800-1,000 500-1,000

Warhead HE-unitary/ penetration/ sub-munitions, Incendiary, FAE

Guidance Strapped-INS, optionally augmented by GPS Terminal guidance: Radar scene correlation?

Range (Km) 150 250 350

Accuracy (CEP) 10-50m 75m 25m

Control system Gimbaled engines + aerodynamic control surfaces Flex nozzle and aerodynamic control

surfaces

Launch platform 8 x 8 Tatra Transporter Erector Launcher

Senthilkumar.R

The Agni-TTB (Technology Test Bed)

Range of 1,500 km.

Payload of 1,000 kg.

Prithvi + the SLV-3 booster.

To develop re-entry and guidance technology.

Disadvantages

• Solid + Liquid propulsion configuration, unsuitable for an operational IRBM.

Senthilkumar.R

The Agni-2 IRBM Tested on April 11, 1999

Range of some 3,000 km

A 1,000 kg payload

Global Positioning System (GPS)

Cleared for production.

12 Agni-II missiles per year.

Technical Aspects

Agni-II is a 2-stage missile; both the stages are solid fuelled.

PSLV’s booster stage with an Isp of 269 (vacum) and 237(sea level).

Second stage has 1-metre diameter, about 4.8 metre length.

The stage has flex nozzles for thrust vectoring for trajectory control.

Senthilkumar.R

More advanced version of Agni-II

To adapt it to the newer and lighter nuclear payload that were proven by Pokharan-II .

Stronger 250-Marging steel, resulting in lighter booster stage case and greater fuel mass-fraction

Greater fuel mass-fraction .

Multi directional carbon re-entry nose tip and control surfaces

The Agni-2 AT

Senthilkumar.R

Agni I• Single stage version of Agni-II

• Rapidly developed after the Kargil War when the need for an intermediate range missile

• Range gap between the Agni-II and the Prithvi (700-900 km ).

•Being road /rail mobile , the misile won’t prone to pre-emptive strikes

Senthilkumar.R

• Lower cost of unit procurement, ancillary support, maintenance and deployment

•Simplicity of single stage rocket.

•More mobile.

•Stealth feature

Senthilkumar.R

Agni-2A Stage1 Agni-2A Stage2 PBV/HAM RV

Gross_Mass (Kg)

Fuel_Mass (Kg)

Empty_Mass (Kg)

Motor Fuel-Mass-Ratio

1,0615

9,342

?

0.88

3,923

3,570

?

0.91

220

40-180

20-50

0.82

50

Thrust@Vacuum (Kgf)

Thrust@Sea_Level (Kgf)

(Burn Time) (sec)

51,251

46,390

(49)

27,227

-

(32)

50

-

-

N.A.

Specific-Impulse

Isp@Vacuum

Isp@Sea_Level

259 sec64

232 sec

276 sec65

220 sec

306 sec66

-

N.A.

Length

Diameter

10.3 m

1.0 m

4.8 m

1.0 m

2.3 m

0.815 m

2.2 m

0.8 m

ChamberPressure (bar)

Expansion Ratio

44.1

6.7:1

38.3

14.2:1

?

?

N.A.

Propellant

Chemical

Case material

Solid

HTPB/AP/Al

250 Marging steel

Solid

HTPB/AP/Al

Filament wound

composite material

Liquid

MMH/N2O4

Titanium

pressure tank

N.A

N.A

All Carbon composite

Number of Engines

(Number of Segments)

1

(3)

1

(1)

1

N.A

N.A

N.A

Senthilkumar.R

The Agni-III

Range 3500 km.

Against the People’s Republic of China .

Manoeuvring Re-Entry Vehicle (To counter measures ABM )

Payload of 600 kg to 1,800 kg

Senthilkumar.R

Surface to surface Missiles

Prithvi

SS-150 SS-250 SS-350

Agni

Agni-TTB (Technology

Test Bed)

Agni II (IRBM)

Agni-I (MRBM)

Agni-IIA Agni-III (IRBM)

At present, it can be assumed that India ’s land-based missile deterrent is

based around:

•Agni-II IRBM (3,500 km range, 200 kT warhead) – 18 to 36 missiles in

service.

•Agni-I MRBM (900 km range, 200 kT warhead) – 8 to 16 missiles in service.

•Prithvi-II SRBM (330 km range, 15 kT warhead) – 150 to 180 missile

produced (12 nuclear armed).

Senthilkumar.R

Senthilkumar.R

References and Footnotes 1. Raj Chengappa, Weapons of Peace: The Secret Story of India's

Quest to be a Nuclear Power (New Delhi: Harper Collins Publishers India, 2000, ISBN 81-7223-332-0).

2. Defence Research & Development Organization (www.drdo.com)

3. DRDO periodicals "Technology Focus" bi-weekly (www.drdo.com/pub/techfocus/welcome3.htm)

4. Indian Defence Technology: Missile Systems (DRDO, Ministry of Defence, December 1998).

5. Nuclear Threat Initiative: Missile Chronology http://www.nti.org/e_research/profiles/india/missile/1931_2023.html

6. Nuclear Weapon Archive, 'India's Nuclear Weapons Program: Present Capabilities'http://nuclearweaponarchive.org/India/IndiaArsenal.html

7. www.bharat-rakshak.com

Senthilkumar.R