INDIA METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT (MINISTRY OF …

INDIA METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT

(MINISTRY OF EARTH SCIENCES)

SOUTHWEST MONSOON- 2015

END OF SEASON REPORT

For the State of

PUNJAB

Main Features

1. Onset and advance of Monsoon 2015 in Punjab

Monsoon advanced in Punjab on 25th

June 2015 four days advance from its normal

onset time . Earliest onset so far in Punjab is 13th

June 2008 and latest is 27th

July

1987.

State received 358 mm of rainfall (June-September) against its average of 491.5

for Monsoon 2015 with overall deficit of 31% making it consecutive deficit monsoon

year in row which observed after 50 year (earlier one in 1964-65) since its records

from 1901.

Long Range forecast for Northwest India including Punjab as predicted by IMD this

year has been accurate .

Monsoon 2015 was sixth meteorological drought (rainfall less than 75% of LPA) in

last 10 years in Punjab. Lowest rainfall in Punjab since it record from 1901 was in

year 1987 when overall deficit was 67%.

Month wise rainfall was near normal June, and deficit in July ,August and

September was 70.7, 52, and 76.2 % of LPA respectively.

Out of 20 district wherein rainfall was reported during Monsoon, 2015, only six

district(30%) received normal rainfall and rainfall was deficient to scanty in

remaining district with Ferozpur having highest deficit of 69%.

Out of 56 Tehsil in Punjab for which data were reported only 7 Tehsil received normal

to excess rainfall whereas as 49 tehsil were in deficient to Scanty category( 20 Deficit

29 scanty)

Monsoon rainfall (June – September) was 86% of LPA for country as a whole and

83% of LPA for NW India .

Significant damage reported to Cotton crop due incidences of White fly with estimated

40-45% damaged were reported in Malwa region of Punjab which is main cotton

grown area.

Monsoon withdrew from some parts in Punjab on 8th

September and on 29th

September from remaining parts of the state.

Monsoon advanced Kerala on 5th June four days after the normal onset date. After onset

further advancement of monsoon picked up and covered Parts of North Arabian Sea,

Central Arabian Sea, entire South Peninsula and most parts of Central and North

East India by 14th June. With the formation of two monsoonal systems one each in

Arabian Sea( Deep Depression) and Bay of Bengal ( Deep Depression) toward the

end of third week helped the monsoon to advance further north and covered entire

Punjab around 25th June 2015. Advance of monsoon 2015 is shown in the fig below.

Progress of monsoon in Punjab.

This year monsoon advanced in Punjab on 25th June 2015 . In June rainfall was below normal

till third week except for couple of spell after onset of monsoon . In July rainfall was below

normal till first week and picked up around 7th July with heavy to very heavy rain spells in parts

Punjab during 11th to 17

th July which facilitated transplanting /sowing of paddy . Monsoon

further remained in weak phase for remaining parts of July . In August rainfall was below

normal for almost entire month except for couple of good spell in the beginning of second week

and in third week of August and were near normal / remaining period of August. In September

monsoon were in weak phase for most part of September however monsoon revived around 22nd

of September with one spell of heavy to very heavy rainfall activity before its withdrawal. Daily

time series of rainfall in Punjab during monsoon 2015 is shown in fig below.

-300

-100

100

300

500

700

900

1100

1300

1500

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

1-J

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15

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27

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31

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4-A

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8-A

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12

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16

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20

-Au

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24

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28

-Au

g

1-S

ep

5-S

ep

9-S

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13

-Sep

17

-Sep

21

-Sep

25

-Sep

29

-Sep

% D

EP

AR

TU

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RA

INF

AL

L (

in m

m)

DATE

DAILY TIME SERIES OF MONSOON RAINFALL PUNJAB (JUNE - SEPTEMBER) - 2015

ACTUAL NORMAL % DEPARTURE

Broad Synoptic features: -

Most prevalent feature of monsoon 2015 was intrusion of mid latitudes westerly with

the monsoon winds. During monsoon 2015 around 40 western disturbances which were seen as

trough /system in upper tropospheric westerly, induced upper air cyclonic circulation in lower

troposphere’s traversed east/north-eastwards across western Himalayan region during entire

monsoon period with highest frequency in the month of July 2015. There were two low pressure

systems and one deep depression which recurved northeastward after reaching Uttar Pradesh

and adjoining Rajasthan and interacted with mid latitudes westerlies to give heavy to extremely

heavy rainfall in Punjab and Haryana in the month of July 2015 out of 11 such monsoonal system

which formed during monsoon 2015.Position of monsoon trough remain near its normal position

for most parts of July however it was close to foothill for most part of August and September.

Overall rainfall distribution in Punjab on spatial and temporal scale was poorly defined in for

monsoon 2015 however stress was eased to due couple of good rainfall spells in the month July.

Monthwise details of main synoptic weather systems their location, residency period and

dissipation for the monsoon season 2015 is given below.

Main synoptic System:

NAME OF THE MONTH : JUNE 2015

(A) WESTERN DISTRUBANCES

S. NO. SYSTEM DURATION PLACE OF LOCATION

DIRECTION OF

MOVEMENT

PLACE OF DISSIPATION

1 As an upper air system

1st TO 7th North Pakistan and neighbourhood

North easterly

Western Himalayan region

2 As an upper air trough

8th TO 12th Long. 65°E and north of Lat. 25° N

East north easterly



21st TO 22nd Long. 72°E and north of Lat. 32° N

North easterly



22nd TO 27th Long. 65°E and north of Lat. 30° N

North easterly


5 As an upper air cycir

28th TO 2nd W-Afghanistan and neighbourhood

East north easterly


(B) UPPER AIR CYCLONIC CIRCULATION

S.NO. SYSTEM DURATION PLACE OF LOCATION

DIRECTION OF

MOVEMENT


1 Lower Levels 1st AND 6th Central Pakistan and adjoining Rajasthan

North-Easterly

Punjab and adjoining Haryana

2 Lower Levels 10th TO 11th Central Pakistan and adjoining Punjab

Persisted Central Pakistan and adjoining Punjab

3 Lower Levels 12th TO 13th Central Pakistan and adjoining West-Rajasthan

Persisted Central Pakistan and adjoining West-Rajasthan

4 Lower Levels 13th TO 18TH

West Uttar Pradesh and adjoining Haryana and Uttrakhand

Persisted West Uttar Pradesh and neighbourhood

5 Lower Levels 15th TO 18th Central Pakistan and adjoining West-Rajasthan

Persisted Merged with Heat Low

NAME OF THE MONTH : JULY 2015

(A) ) WESTERN DISTRUBANCES


DIRECTION OF MOVEMENT



4th TO 9th W-Afghanistan and neighbourhood

North easterly Western Himalayan region


9th TO 13th Afghanistan and adjoining Pakistan

East north easterly



12th TO 18th Afghanistan and adjoining Pakistan



16th TO 25th Afghanistan and neighbourhood



25th TO 04th North Pakistan and neighbourhood









1 Lower Levels 2nd TO 3rd

Central Pakistan and adjoining West-Rajasthan

Persisted


2 Lower Levels 7th TO 9th


Persisted Merged with Monsoon trough

3 Lower Levels 17th TO 21st


North easterly Punjab and neighbourhood

4 Lower Levels 21st AND 23rd West Rajasthan and neighbourhood

Persisted West Rajasthan and neighbourhood

5 Lower Levels 23RD AND 24TH West Uttar Pradesh and neighbourhood

Persisted West Uttar Pradesh and neighbourhood

6 Mid Levels 28TH TO 30TH West Uttar Pradesh and neighbourhood

North westerly Merged with monsoon trough

(C) LOW PRESSURE AREA




1 Depression 12th TO 14th

West Uttar Pradesh and adjoining Haryana and Delhi

Northwesterly Haryana and Neighbourhood

2 Low Pressure Area

20th 21th

North Madhya Pradesh adjoining South Uttar Pradesh

Persisted Merged with Monsoon trough

3 Low Pressure Area

24th TO 04th

South West Madhya Pradesh and adjoining East Rajasthan

Westerly

Central Pakistan and adjoining North West-Rajasthan

NAME OF THE MONTH : AUGUST 2015






4th TO 12th D

West Afghanistan and adjoining Iran









19th TO 22nd North Pakistan and adjoining J & K



22nd TO 25th North Pakistan and neighbourhood






31st TO 01st Long. 68°E and north of Lat. 30° N






1 Lower Levels 4th TO 7th Punjab and neighbourhood

Persisted Merged with monsoon trough

2 Lower Levels 8th TO 12TH

Central Pakistan and adjoining North West-Rajasthan & Punjab

North easterly Merged with monsoon trough

3 Lower Levels 16th TO 17th Haryana and adjoining Rajasthan

Persisted Merged with monsoon trough

NAME OF THE MONTH : SEPTEMBER 2015






2nd TO 4th Long. 63°E and north of Lat. 32° N





















1 Lower Levels 2nd TO 4th South Pakistan and neighbourhood

North easterly Central South Pakistan and adjoining Kutch

2 Lower Levels 23rd TO 24th Haryana and adjoining and Punjab

North easterly Haryana and adjoining and Punjab

District wise heavy to very heavy rainfall events in July and September 2015 in Punjab

MONTH DATE DISTRICT STATION RAINFALL

(in cm)

JULY

11.07.2015

Ludhiana Khanna 18

Ropar Nangal 15

Nawanshahr Nawanshahr 11

Nawanshahr Nawanshahar Aws 11

13.07.2015

Ludhiana Khanna 22

Patiala Nabha ARG 14

Patiala Nabha 13

Ludhiana Samrala 13

Fatehgarh Sahib Sirhind 13

Fatehgarh Sahib Fatehgarh Sahib 12

Patiala Patiala 12

17.07.2015

Ropar Nangal 15

Gurdaspur Phangota 14

Gurdaspur R.S.D Site 11

September 23.09.2015

Gurdaspur Malakpur 22

Gurdaspur Mdhopur 20

Hoshiarpur Mukerian 19

Hoshiarpur Hoshiarpur 19

Warning issued and realized weather In Punjab

Date Warning issued Distribution

forecast Realized R/F cm Activity

11.07.2015 Punjab Isolated Heavy Khanna 18, Nangal 15,

Nawanshahr 11, Nawanshahar

11 Active

13.07.2015 Punjab Isolated Heavy

Khanna 22, Nabha Arg 14,

Nabha 13, Samrala 13, Sirhind

13, Fatehgarh Sahib 12, Patiala

12

Active

17.07.2015 Punjab Isolated Heavy Nangal 15, Phangota 14, Ranjit

Sagar Dam Site 11, Active

23.09.2015 Punjab Light to moderate

at many places

Malakpur 22, Madhopur 20,

Mukerian 19, Hoshiarpur 19,

Gurudaspur 19, Shahpur Kandi

17, Phangota 15, Ranjit Sagar

Dam Site 14, Dasuya 12, Ropar

11

Vigorous

Detailed events wise meteorological analysis and synoptic features:- Heavy to very heavy

rainfall events which occurred in Punjab during 11 to 13 July and 23rd September 2015 has been

discussed and is given bellow.

11 to 13th July 2015:- Heavy to very heavy rainfall occurred in Punjab on 11th ,12th and 13th

July.Districtwise precetage depature of rainfall from normal for is shown below.

Synoptic features and associated rainfall during 11th to 13th July 2015:-

10th July:-A western disturbance lay over Afghanistan and adjoining North Pakistan as an upper

air cyclonic circulation extending up to mid tropospheric level on 10th July 2015. A depression lay

over north Chhattisgarh & adjoining areas with associated cyclonic circulation up to mid

troposphere on 10th July. Axis of monsoon trough at mean sea level passes through it normal

positions viz Ganagnagar,Narnaul,Gwaloir,Sidhi,Centre of Depression over north Chhattisgarh and

adjoining areas and thence south-eastwards to northeast Bay of Bengal and extends up to 3.1 km

asl.

11 July :- Western disturbance moved over to North Pakistan adjoining Jammu& Kashmir in the

evening of 10th July 2015 and persisted there on on 11th July . Depression over north

Chhattisgarh & adjoining area moved over to Northeast Madhya Pradesh and adjoining Southeast

Uttar Pradesh on 11th. Embedded upper air cyclonic circulation also lay over Southwest Uttar

Pradesh and adjoining areas of Haryana and northeast Rajasthan extending up to 2.1 km asl on

11th.

12th July 2015:- On 12th July western disturbance as an upper air cyclonic circulation moved over to

Jammu &kashmir and its nhd with its extension up to mid tropospheric level. Embedded cyclonic

circulation over Northeast Rajasthan and adjoining Haryana etc merged with Depression which lay

centred over to West UP and adjoining Haryana and Delhi about 75km east of Delhi. Depression

further moved North westwards NNW direction and lay over West Uttar Pradesh and adjoining

Haryana & Delhi, about 30 km southwest of Meerut on evening of 12th July. Western disturbance

also persisted on 12th evening. It further weakened in to well marked low pressure and low pressure

area during night on 12th with it location over Haryana and adjoining West Uttar Pradesh late night

of 12th.

13th July 2015:- Low pressure area over Haryana and adjoining West Uttar Pradesh moved over to

Punjab and Haryana on 13th morning with associated cyclonic circulation up to 3.1 km asl. It further

weakened in to U/A cycir extending up to 3.1 km asl on 13th evening. Axis of seasonal trough

passes through it normal position. Main reasons for heavy to very heavy rainfall was primarily due

to interaction of western disturbance with WNW wards moving monsoonal system viz depression

and low pressure which were seen there during 10th to 12th July 2015. Mean Sea level charts and

associated upper wind circulations during 10th to 12th July 2015 is shown below

Surface 925 hpa

hhhhhp

700 hpa 850 hpa

200 hpa 500 hpa

10.07.15

200 hpa

500 hpa

700 hpa 850 hpa

925 hpa Surface hpa

11.07.15

Surface 925 hpa

700 hpa 850 hpa

500 hpa 200 hpa

12.07.15

INSAT 3D Cloud imagery 10th July 2015

0600 UTC (11.30IST) 12000UTC(530 IST)

230

0430 GMT(10:00IST) 11July 230GMT 0800 IST 11 July

0300 GMT(0830 IST) 12 July 0600 GMT (1130) 12 July

1430 GMT( 20:00IST)12 July 00:00GMT(0530HrIST) 13 July

WRF model output run at M.C Chandigarh based upon 000UTC 10 and 11th July 2015 valid for next

48 hrs

Rainfall during 23rd September 2015:

on 23rd September 2015 vey to very heavy rainfall occurred in Punjab and Haryana . In punjab and

Haryana main rainfall belt was confined to district adjoining to foothills compared to rest parts of the

state. Percentage departures of rainfall from normal on 23rd September 2015 in Punjab and Haryana

is shown in fig below

Synoptic features and observational aspects during 22nd to 23 September 2015:

21st September 2015:-A western disturbance which were seen as an upper air cyclonic circulation

lay over north Pakistan & neighbourhood on 20th and as trough in mid tropospheric westerlies with

its axis run roughly along long 64deg E and north of lat 20 deg N on 21st morning and persisted

there in same evening. Low pressure area which was over North Gujarat and adjoining South

Rajasthan moved over on 20th moved over to Northwest Rajasthan and nhd with associated

cyclonic circulation extended up to 4.5 km asl on 21st morning.

22nd September 2015: - Trough in the mid-tropospheric westerlies ewith its axis along 64deg E and

20 deg N seen as an upper air cyclonic circulation over Afghanistan and adjoining Pakistan

extending up to 7.6 km asl with trough aloft along 65Deg E and north of lat 20deg N on 22nd morning

. Low pressure area persist over the same area. Systems persisted there in the evening of 22nd and

moved over to North Pakistan and nhd with extension up to 5.8 km asl and trough aloft . Low

pressure area over Rajasthan and nhd weakened in to upper air cycir extending between 1.5 and

2.1 km asl on morning 23rd September 2015. Mean sea level pressure distribution and associated

upper air wind pattern for September 21th and 22nd September 2015 is shown below.

Surface and upper air wind pattern 21th September 2015

Surface hpa 925 hpa

850 hpa 700 hpa

21.09.15

500 hpa 200 hpa

Surface and upper air wind pattern 22nd September 2015

Surface hpa 925 hpa

850 hpa 700 hpa

500 hpa 200 hpa

22.09.15

INSAT 3D imageries 22nd September 2015

830 hr IST 1930 hrs IST

WRF model output run at M.C Chandigarh based upon 000UTC 10 and 11th July 2015 valid for next

48 hrs

Rainfall distribution monsoon 2015

Region Actual Rainfall

(mm)

Long Period

Average (mm) % Of LPA

All India 760.6 887.5 86

NW India 510.6 615.0 83

Punjab 338.0 491.5 69

District wise and subdivision wise rainfall departure for state of Punjab

and for the country as whole during Monsoon 2015 is shown below.

Tehsil wise rainfall distribution in Punjab monsoon 2015

DISTRICTS NORMAL EXCESS DEFICIT SCANTY TOTAL

AMRITSAR 0 0 1 2 3

BARNALA 0 0 0 1 1

BHATINDA 1 0 1 1 3

FARIDKOT 0 0 1 0 1

FATEHGARH SAHIB 0 0 2 0 2

FEROZEPUR 0 0 0 5 5

MUKTSAR 0 0 1 1 2

GURDASPUR 1 0 1 1 3

NAWANSHAHAR 0 0 2 0 2

SANGUR 1 0 3 0 4

ROPAR 0 1 1 2 4

PATIALA 1 0 1 2 4

HOSHIARPUR 0 0 1 3 4

LUDHIANA 0 1 1 3 5

JALLANDHAR 0 0 1 3 4

KAPURTHALA 0 0 2 1 3

MANSA 0 0 0 1 1

MOGA 0 0 0 1 1

MOHALI 1 0 1 0 2

TARAN TARAN 0 0 0 2 2

Total 5 2 20 29 56

Out of 56 tehsil for which data is available 20 tehsil received deficit , 29 scanty

whereas only 7 tehsil received normal to excess rainfall during monsoon shown

in Table below indicating Normal, Excess, Deficit and Scanty rainfall.

4. Monthly rainfall distribution

Monthly rainfall distribution for the month of June, July August and September and for first &

second half of monsoon 2015 for Punjab is shown below.

Months Actual (mm) Normal (mm) % of LPA

June 48.7 44.5 109

July 131.6 185.9 71

August 88.6 170.3 52

September 69.2 90.8 76

June – July (1st Half) 180.3 230.4 78

August – September (2nd

Half) 157.7 261.1 60

Fig indicating numbers of district with excess,deficit,scanty and normal rainfall for

month of June, July, August and September, first half & for second half of

Monsoon 2015 in Punjab.

MONTHS EXCESS NORMAL DEFICIENT SCANTY NO RAIN

June 10 4 5 1 0

July 0 9 8 3 0

August 0 3 12 4 1

September 1 7 9 3 0

June-July (First Half) 2 10 7 1 0

August-September

(Second half) 0 2 3 15 0

Season 0 6 10 3 1

JUNE JULY

Monthly district wise rainfall distribution along with rainfall distribution, June-July

(First Half) & August-September (Second half) is given below in the table.

AUGUST SEPTEMBER

First half Second half

Main features of monthly rainfall during monsoon 2015 Punjab

June

In June 2015 Punjab state received 48.7mm of rainfall against 44.5 mm of long period

average which is 109 of LPA.

Highest rainfall in Punjab during last 114 (1901–2014) is 203.3 mm in 2008 which was

452 % of LPA followed by year 1996 and 1986 with rainfall of 158 mm and 151 mm

respectively.

The rainfall during June 2015 was normal in the state. No heavy spell of rainfall occurred

during June 2015 in the state.

July

State received 131.6 mm of rainfall in July 2014 against its normal rainfall of 185.9 mm

which is 71% of LPA.

Highest rainfall in Punjab in July month during (1901–2015) was in year 1988 with

rainfall of 455.1 mm against its LPA of 190.5 mm followed by 1980 and 1993 with

rainfall of 443.8 mm and 413.9 mm respectively.

Lowest rainfall in July during (1901-2015) was in 1911 with rainfall of 25.0 mm against

158.4 mm with deficit of 84% followed by years 1987 and 1964 with rainfall of 31.8 mm

and 35.4 mm respectively.

During the last decade lowest rainfall was in year 2012 followed by year 2014 with

rainfall of 67.7 mm and 76.0 mm respectively with overall deficit of 63.7% and 59.1%

respectively.

State received couple of heavy to heavy spells of rainfall during July 2015.

August

Punjab received 88.6 mm of rainfall against its normal of 170.3 mm and was 52% of

LPA.

Highest rainfall in August during (1901–2015) was in 1908 with rainfall of 402.7 mm

against 152.9 mm followed by year 1976 and 1933 with rainfall of 357 mm and 326 mm

respectively.

Lowest rainfall during (1901-2015) was in 1993 with rainfall of 24.3 mm against it

normal of 169.6 mm followed by year 1937 and 2014 with rainfall of 27.0 mm and 41.9

mm with overall deficit of 82.1 and 75.4% respectively.

September

State received 69.2 mm of rainfall against was 76 % of LPA.

During the last decade rainfall was highest in the year 2014 followed by year 2011

wherein state received 12.6% excess rainfall from normal.

State experienced couple of very heavy rainfall (More than 12cm) in September 2015 is

shown in Table 1.

Daily time series of rainfall in Punjab during September 2014 is shown the fig below.

Weekly rainfall departure

Weekly rainfall for monsoon 2015 in Punjab remained by and large below normal for

most part of entire monsoon season except for fourth week of June and third week of July

and last week of September where it was above normal. Daily time series of weekly

monsoon rainfall (June – September) is shown in fig below.

-150

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

03.0

6.20

15

10.0

6.20

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6.20

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24.0

6.20

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7.20

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7.20

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7.20

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7.20

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29.0

7.20

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8.20

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8.20

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26.0

8.20

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09.0

9.20

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16.0

9.20

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23.0

9.20

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30.1

0.20

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% D

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WEEK ENDING DATE

Weekly Rainfall % Departure - Monsoon 2015 Punjab State Series1

Withdrawal of Monsoon

In view of dry weather conditions and decreased moisture contents as seen from water

vapour imageries over Northwest region and also change in the lower level tropospheric

circulation pattern over the region from cyclonic to anticyclonic during first week of

September conditions became favourable for withdrawal of monsoon over the region.

Subsequently monsoon withdrew from some parts of Punjab, Haryana and on 9th September.

It further withdrew from remaining parts of Punjab, Haryana including Chandigarh on 29th

September 2015. Withdrawal of monsoon 2015 is shown in fig given below.

Long Range monsoon forecast verification 2015

This year IMD predicted below normal rainfall in its first forecast issued on 22 April and

was predicted 93% of LPA for country as a whole. In its updated forecast issued on 2nd

June

2015 prediction was less than 90% of LPA for the country as a whole and 85% of LPAfor

Northwest India. Actual rainfall for the country as a whole was 86% of LPA as predicted

and hence was correct. . Realized rainfall for NW India was 83% of LPA and hence was

accurate within in the forecast limit issued by IMD. Realized rainfall for Punjab was 69%

of LPA hence was also near correct.

Forecast issued and realized rainfall monsoon 2015

Region Period Stage of forecast Forecast %

of LPA

Actual rainfall

%LPA

All India June-Sept 1st Stage 22

nd April 93±5 86

All India June-Sept 2nd Stage 2nd

June 88±4 86

NW India June-Sept 2nd

June 85±8 83

Punjab June-Sept do 85±8 69

All India July do 92±9 84

All India August do 90±9 78

Excess and deficient Monsoon year in Punjab (1901-2015)

Monthly and seasonal (June-September) rainfall anomalies observed during extreme Southwest monsoon years for the period 1901-2015 for Punjab

Excess Monsoon Rainfall Years Deficient Monsoon Rainfall Years

Years Jun Jul Aug Sep JJAS Years Jun Jul Aug Sep JJAS

1908 -65.5 19.7 163.4 -49.1 48.4 1901 -77.6 11 -8.4 -71.8 -20.1

1909 85.7 38.5 14.6 151.3 56.6 1902 20 -25.4 -36.6 -23.3 -24.7

1910 175.4 -12.7 42.1 -18.2 22.7 1904 -50 -67.6 -22.4 -16.4 -40.3

1914 37 77 -51.2 116 36.3 1905 -53.9 -27.1 -67.4 32.2 -32.1

1917 112.9 4.9 47.4 313.1 89.7 1907 -48 -53.5 56.7 -90.8 -22

1923 -46 35.9 86.1 -86.5 21.8 1911 53.3 -84.2 -36.9 -63.9 -51

1925 159.6 79.7 -4.2 -85.2 25.8 1915 -41.4 -70.1 -56.8 22.2 -44.8

1933 -0.2 9.8 105.1 129.5 65.2 1918 -18.1 -76.6 -8.3 -83.7 -48.8

1942 18.8 53.4 67.5 44.5 53.3 1920 -9.7 -6.2 -40.1 -72.2 -31.2

1945 -14.4 -9 -12.5 297 49.2 1921 -57.8 -24.2 -29.1 -45.6 -33.2

1950 -70.2 29.2 35.7 384.2 91.2 1928 -13.6 -40.7 -18.5 -31.5 -28.7

1956 53.8 49.2 51.6 -67.8 27.5 1929 10 3.6 -33 -89.6 -26.6

1958 -36.1 13.3 5.6 327.2 67.6 1934 26.3 -10 -13 -83.5 -21.9

1959 -51.2 20.3 43.9 47.3 27 1938 189.8 -34.8 -40.4 -94.3 -27.5

1961 58.5 43.9 30.8 10.3 33.5 1939 20.4 -41.1 -51.7 -49 -40.6

1962 1.6 10 -12.5 238.7 47.4 1943 -28 -19.5 -15.2 -50.1 -24.8

1975 23.9 59.3 23.3 69.7 45.6 1946 58 -18 -2.8 -93.3 -20.4

1976 62.1 17.5 113 -4.1 50.3 1951 -93.8 22.2 -26.2 -91.2 -26.9

1977 71.9 30.9 15 20.1 27 1964 -74.3 -79.1 -16.8 15.4 -34.2

1978 166.9 23.3 53.5 -56.1 31.1 1965 -99.6 11.3 -47 -91.9 -37.9

1980 32.2 160.1 -26.7 -39.5 44.6 1969 -89.6 -42.2 -31.3 -17.6 -37.9

1984 27.7 61.1 19.2 17.8 35.2 1972 -48.7 -5.4 -17.4 -76.6 -27.6

1988 0 138.9 34.5 255.3 119.1 1974 138.3 -37.3 -40.9 -90.6 -36.1

1990 11.7 26.1 8.5 133.9 38.9 1979 -1.6 -7.8 -68.8 -58.4 -38.3

1995 11.6 -6.8 88.8 78.8 44.1 1982 -36.7 -32.1 37.9 -96.2 -24.9

1996 267.4 -37.9 42.4 -15 19.9 1987 -35 -81.7 -46.2 -93.1 -67.6

1997 97.6 -3.7 87.1 -62 24 2002 -7 -62.1 -28.7 32.9 -27.2

1998 64.3 22.3 -12.1 78.8 26.3 2004 23.8 -62.5 -13.9 -87.6 -44.1

2008 388.7 -49 46.4 -44.3 20.3 2007 93.8 -53.8 -21.8 -60.4 -32.2

2009 -68.8 -11.8 -51.2 -37.1 -34.9

2012 -77 -64 -37 -18 -46

2014 -53 -59 -75 16 -50

2015 9 -27 -48 -24 -31

There were 29 Excess monsoon years and 33 deficient monsoon years during the period 1901-2015. Excess means when the rainfall is more than 20% of normal and deficient is when rainfall is less

than 20% of normal

Legends

Rainfall

(Special Distribution of Rainfall)

Distribution No. of Places Description

Isolated One or two Places <25% of stations gets rainfall

Scattered At a few Places (26-50)% of stations gets rainfall

Fairly Widespread At many Places (51-75)% of stations gets rainfall

Wide spread At Most place (76-100)% of stations gets rainfall

Dry - No station reported rainfall

Intensity of Rainfall

Descriptive Term used Rainfall amount in mms

No Rain 0

Very Light Rain 0.1 - 2.4

Light Rain 2.5 - 7.5

Moderate Rain 7.6 - 35.5

Rather Heavy 35.6 - 64.4

Heavy Rain 64.5 - 124.4

Very Heavy Rain 124.5 - 244.4

Extremely Heavy Rain > 244.5

Weekly/Seasonal Rainfall distribution

(On Regional Scale)

Descriptive Term used % Departure of Realised rainfall from Normal rainfall

Excess + 20% or more.

Normal Between - 19 % to + 19 %.

Deficient Between - 20 % to - 59 %.

Scanty Between - 60 % to - 99 %.

No rain -100%

Weekly/Seasonal Rainfall distribution

(On All India Scale)

Descriptive Term used % Departure of Realised rainfall

Normal Within ±10 % of the Long Period Average

Below Normal < 10% of the Long Period Average

Above Normal > 10% of the Long Period Average

INDIA METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT (MINISTRY OF …

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