IndiaIndiaChapter #25Chapter #25

I. Physical GeographyI. Physical Geography• A. Physical FeaturesA. Physical Features

– World’s highest mountains?World’s highest mountains?– Subcontinent:Subcontinent:

• A very large landmass that is A very large landmass that is

smaller than a continent smaller than a continent

– SupercontinentSupercontinent (Gondwanaland) (Gondwanaland)

225 million yrs. ago 200 million yrs. ago

135 million yrs. ago 65 million yrs. ago

Present day

B. LandformsB. Landforms• 1) Himalayan Mtns.?1) Himalayan Mtns.?

– Indus, Ganges, Brahmaputra RiversIndus, Ganges, Brahmaputra Rivers

• 2) Gangetic Plain (alluvial soils)2) Gangetic Plain (alluvial soils)– Indo-Gangetic Plain Indo-Gangetic Plain

*(Indus & Ganges Rivers)*(Indus & Ganges Rivers)

• 3) Deccan Plateau/Peninsula?3) Deccan Plateau/Peninsula?– Dominant landformDominant landform

The Holy GangesThe Holy Ganges•1) Human use 1) Human use •2) Healing powers2) Healing powers•3) Highly polluted3) Highly polluted

– Sewage, industrial waste, ag. runoff Sewage, industrial waste, ag. runoff – Nothing can pollute its purityNothing can pollute its purity

C. MonsoonsC. Monsoons• Process:Process:• Wet season:Wet season:

– SummerSummer– Sun strikes Sun strikes landland

• LOWLOW pressure pressure• Winds blow Winds blow ININ

from the sea!from the sea!

• Dry season:Dry season:– Winter Winter – Sun strikes Sun strikes waterwater

• LOWLOW pressure pressure• Winds blow Winds blow OUTOUT

to the sea! to the sea! Wind blows from high to low pressure!

II. History & CultureII. History & Culture

•AryansAryans = warlike seminomadic herdsmen = warlike seminomadic herdsmen from Central Asia (1500 BCE) –they from Central Asia (1500 BCE) –they brought… brought…

– 1. Sanskrit? 1. Sanskrit? (Hindi developed from) (Hindi developed from) – 2. Hinduism2. Hinduism

• PantheonPantheon = all the gods of a religion = all the gods of a religion

– 3. Caste System 3. Caste System = social classes= social classes

A. European InfluenceA. European Influence• Europeans in India Europeans in India (1490s) (1490s)

– To trade, expand empires, & spread To trade, expand empires, & spread Christianity Christianity

– Mid-1800s: Mid-1800s: British East India Company British East India Company was in controlwas in control

– Raw material = Raw material =

COTTON!COTTON!

World’s 2World’s 2ndnd Largest Cotton Largest Cotton ProducerProducer

B. British RuleB. British Rule• Brits discriminated against IndiansBrits discriminated against Indians• SepoysSepoys = Indian troops under = Indian troops under

the command of Brits. the command of Brits. – Sepoy Revolt Sepoy Revolt (1857): led to… (1857): led to… – Brit govt takes control (1858)Brit govt takes control (1858)

• ““Jewel in the Crown”Jewel in the Crown”• Products of IndiaProducts of India::

– Cotton, tea, jewels, Cotton, tea, jewels, – & spices& spices

• India acted as a India acted as a marketmarket for Brit goods for Brit goods

C. IndependenceC. Independence• Indian National CongressIndian National Congress• Mohandas GandhiMohandas Gandhi

– the “Mahatma”the “Mahatma”– Method of liberation?Method of liberation?

• Satyagraha Satyagraha (nonviolent noncooperation) (nonviolent noncooperation)

• BoycottBoycott = to refuse something = to refuse something– Salt marches & textile boycottSalt marches & textile boycott

• Independence = 1947Independence = 1947• Tension betw. Hindus & Muslims?Tension betw. Hindus & Muslims?

– PartitionedPartitioned into India & Pakistan into India & Pakistan

• Govt of India = Democracy Govt of India = Democracy

D. ReligionD. Religion• Constitution on religion = Constitution on religion = secularsecular• Hinduism Hinduism

– % of followers?% of followers?– Mono or Polytheistic?Mono or Polytheistic?– LifeLife = full of desire & suffering – one must escape this! = full of desire & suffering – one must escape this!– ReincarnationReincarnation = soul is born again & again in different = soul is born again & again in different

formsforms– AtmanAtman = personal soul = personal soul– DharmaDharma = one’s duty in life/job = one’s duty in life/job– KarmaKarma = positive/negative force caused by a person’s = positive/negative force caused by a person’s

actions & will determine their status in the next lifeactions & will determine their status in the next life– BrahmanBrahman = universal soul that unites all atmans = universal soul that unites all atmans – MokshaMoksha = liberation from this world = liberation from this world

Hinduism = world’s Hinduism = world’s largest ethnic religionlargest ethnic religion

• Caste System:Caste System:– Caste: Caste: A group of people who are A group of people who are born into a certain position in societyborn into a certain position in society – BrahminsBrahmins = priests/intellectuals = priests/intellectuals– KshatriyasKshatriyas = kings & warriors = kings & warriors – VaisyasVaisyas = merchants/traders = merchants/traders– SudrasSudras = laborers/farmers/artisans = laborers/farmers/artisans – DalitsDalits or “untouchables?” or “untouchables?” – Social mobility? Social mobility?

• Constitution on the Caste System?Constitution on the Caste System?• Modern day discrimination? Modern day discrimination?

Caste SystemCaste System

Summary of HinduismSummary of Hinduism

•If one completes theirIf one completes their, they will have good , they will have good , & will be reincarnated into , & will be reincarnated into a higher a higher

, & eventually their , & eventually their atman will reach atman will reach , , and join with and join with . .

DHARMA

KARMA

CASTE

MOKSHA

BRAHMAN

E. Islam & othersE. Islam & others• Indian pop = 1.2+ billionIndian pop = 1.2+ billion

– 2028: will be largest in world 2028: will be largest in world

• Muslims = Muslims = largest minority largest minority • Sikhism:Sikhism:

– MuslimMuslim belief in belief in 1 god 1 god w/w/HinduHindu beliefs in beliefs in reincarnation & karmareincarnation & karma

• Majority pop. = Majority pop. = Aryan Aryan (72%) (72%) • National language = National language = HindiHindi• Language of Language of commercecommerce = =

English English

III. India TodayIII. India Today• A. India’s EconomyA. India’s Economy

– One of the One of the B.R.I.C.S. B.R.I.C.S. – Economic growth b/c of growing Economic growth b/c of growing service service

industryindustry– Basis of economy Basis of economy = = FARMINGFARMING (WEALTH (WEALTH

GAP!)GAP!)• 70% of pop. = rural villages & >50% = Ag. 70% of pop. = rural villages & >50% = Ag.

– Improved infrastructure = more foreign Improved infrastructure = more foreign investment investment

India's infrastructure and India's infrastructure and transport system has labored transport system has labored

under the country's under the country's continually rising population.continually rising population.

Bangalore & Bangalore & GlobalizationGlobalization• GlobalizationGlobalization = the process of increased interaction = the process of increased interaction

betw. people of different countries (aided by betw. people of different countries (aided by technology) technology)

• Y2K Y2K = when India made a name for itself in IT= when India made a name for itself in IT• India Institute of Technology (I.I.T.s?)India Institute of Technology (I.I.T.s?)

– Information Technology (IT)? Information Technology (IT)? • US firms have moved R & D centers to India?US firms have moved R & D centers to India?

– General Electric, Texas Instruments, Hewlett PackardGeneral Electric, Texas Instruments, Hewlett Packard• Outsourcing the Outsourcing the serviceservice industry? industry?

– Medicine?Medicine?– Education?Education?– Accounting? Accounting? – WHAT DOES THIS MEAN FOR WHAT DOES THIS MEAN FOR AMERICAAMERICA??

B. ChallengesB. Challenges• Rapid population growth Rapid population growth

– Services & resources are stressedServices & resources are stressed– Enviro destruction Enviro destruction

• KashmirKashmir– A disputed region betw. India & Pak.A disputed region betw. India & Pak.

• The MaldivesThe Maldives– 1,192 islands1,192 islands

• 200 are inhabited200 are inhabited

• World’s lowest country World’s lowest country – Avg. elevation = 4’11’’ Avg. elevation = 4’11’’

• Environmental concernsEnvironmental concerns– Rising sea levelsRising sea levels– Sea water encroachmentSea water encroachment

on ground water on ground water

• Pics of the MaldivesPics of the Maldives

Videos on Globalization Videos on Globalization in Indiain India

• The Other Side of Outsourcing The Other Side of Outsourcing • India RisingIndia Rising