INDIA AND PAKISTAN SINCE INDEPENDENCE. NEHRU FIVE YEAR PLANS SOCIALIST ECONOMY NEUTRAL IN COLD WAR...
Transcript of INDIA AND PAKISTAN SINCE INDEPENDENCE. NEHRU FIVE YEAR PLANS SOCIALIST ECONOMY NEUTRAL IN COLD WAR...
INDIA AND PAKISTAN SINCE INDEPENDENCE
NEHRU
• FIVE YEAR PLANS• SOCIALIST ECONOMY• NEUTRAL IN COLD
WAR• INDIA A “ONE-PARTY
DEMOCRACY”• Prime minister 1948-
1966, when he died
INDIRA GANDHI
• NEHRU’S DAUGHTER• NOT RELATED TO
MAHATMA GANDHI• POPULAR BUT
ECONOMY DID POORLY IN 1970s
• P.M. 1966-1977, 1980-84. ASSASSINATED BY A SIKH BODYGUARD.
EMERGENCY
• INDIRA GANDHI TRIES TO GET DICTATORIAL POWERS WHEN SHE’S ACCUSED OF CORRUPTION IN 1970s
• JANATA DAL PARTY DEFEATS CONGRESS IN ELECTIONS IN 1977, RESTORES FULL DEMOCRACY AND CIVIL RIGHTS
RAJIV GANDHI
• INDIRA’S SON• POPULAR• INTERVENES IN SRI
LANKA • P.M. FROM 1984
UNTIL ASSASSINATED BY TAMIL SEPARATISTS IN 1991
INDIA’S ASSETS• GOOD TRANSPORTATION
INFRASTRUCTURE BUILT BY BRITISH (RAILROAD NETWORK)
• PUSH FOR EDUCATION – MANY WELL-TRAINED PEOPLE
• HUGE MIDDLE CLASS• HIGH TECH INDUSTRIES –
CENTERED IN BANGALORE• WORLD’S BIGGEST
DEMOCRACY• POLITICAL STABILITY• COMMON USE OF ENGLISH BY
EDUCATED PEOPLE• ABLE TO FEED ITSELF THANKS
TO “GREEN REVOLUTION”
BOLLYWOODWORLD’S LARGEST MOVIE
INDUSTRY
INDIA’S PROBLEMS
• MASSIVE POVERTY• CONFLICT BETWEEN CASTES & RELIGIONS• THREE WARS WITH PAKISTAN OVER KASHMIR –
TERRORISTS FROM KASHMIR; 1962 border war with China
• NUCLEAR STANDOFF WITH PAKISTAN
PAKISTAN AND BANGLADESH
PAKISTAN
• ORIGINALLY TWO TERRITORIES, A THOUSAND MILES APART, SPEAKING TWO UNRELATED LANGUAGES
• WEST PAKISTAN DOMINATED
• WEST PAKISTAN HAD FERTILE LAND ONLY IN THE INDUS RIVER SYSTEM
POLITICAL HISTORY
• PAKISTAN ALTERNATED BETWEEN ELECTED DEMOCRACY AND MILITARY DICTATORSHIP
• Shown at left: Zulfikar and Benazir Bhutto
CREATION OF BANGLADESH
• In 1970s, West Pakistani dictator Ayub Khan cracked down on politicians inEast Pakistan.
• In 1971 election, East Pakistani leader Sheik Mujibur Rahman won.
• The military government refused to accept the results.
• East Pakistan seceded and became independent with help from India.
BANGLADESH
• Soon after independence, Bangladesh was hit with massive floods and famine
BANGLADESH
• LAND OF RIVER DELTAS – VERY PRODUCTIVE LAND
• PERIODIC FLOODING BECAUSE OF MONSOONS
• EXTREME POVERTY• FEARS TODAY OF
ISLAMIC EXTREMISM
PAKISTAN TODAY
• MILITARY DICTATORSHIP SINCE 2000
• HISTORICALLY, AN ALLY OF THE U.S.
• AMBIGUOUS ROLE IN TERRORISM
PAKISTAN’S CONNECTION WITH ISLAMIC TERRORISM
• In 1980, military dictator of Pakistan solidified his power by passing Islamization program, institutes sharia or Islamic law.
• PAKISTANI INTELLIGENCE SECRETLY AIDS THE TALIBAN IN AFGHANISTAN, AND TERROR ATTACKS IN KASHMIR
MADRASAS
NORTHWEST FRONTIER
• LITTLE GOVERNMENT CONTROL OVER ARMED SEMI-NOMADIC TRIBES
• OSAMA PROBABLY HIDING IN MOUNTAINS THERE
THE “ISLAMIC BOMB”
• PAKISTAN EXPLODED ITS FIRST NUCLEAR DEVICE IN DESERT IN 1998.
• DR. A.Q. KHAN RESPONSIBLE FOR ITS SECRET DEVELOPMENT, AND SHARES TECHNOLOGY WITH “ROGUE STATES” LIKE LIBYA, NORTH KOREA, MAYBE OTHERS
NUCLEAR CRISIS