PPr esentation Given r esentation Given to :to :DEWAN MIZANDEWAN MIZANAssociate professorAssociate professor

History of Art & Design (HAD) - 101History of Art & Design (HAD) - 101

Jannatu Maua

ID:142031038

Sayed zubair alam RahulID :142051088

Mehedi HassanID: 142051108

Welcome to Our presentation

India and Chinese

Civilizations ______

Outline: Civilizations of India and China

India Civilization The Indus Valley Civilization The Aryans Buddha The Emperor Asoka Hindu and Buddhist Art the Gupta Empire and

Its Aftermath Gupta Literature and Science The Collapse of Gupta Rule

Civilization in China The Chou Dynasty Confucianism and Taoism The Unification of ChinaThe Ch’in, Han, and Tang Dynasties The Arts in Classical China

Outline: Civilizations of India and China

Timeline: Indian and China Civilization 3000-1700 BC – Sites occupied at Harappa and

Mohenjo-Daro 1700-500 – (India) First evidence of The Sanskrit

language 1600-1100 – (China) Shang Dynasty – System of

writing based on picture signs 1000 B.C. – The Vedas committed to writing.

Upanishads develop. 563 – 483 B.C. – Life of Siddhartha Gautama, who

becomes known as the Buddha 570 B.C. – Lao – Tzu (Taoism)

551 – 479 B.C – Life of Confucius (Confucianism) 403-221 B.C Period of the warring states

326 B.C. – Invasion of Alexander the Great3rd Century B.C – Tao TI Ching Written

261 B.C – Emperor Asoka unifies India, making Buddhism the official state religion

221-210 B.C – Ch’in Dynasty

Indian Civilization

The Indus River Valley Civilization– Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro– Agriculture-based society (cotton)– Centralization– Ecological disasters– Aryan invasions

The Aryans

Indus Valley settlements c. 1500 B.C.E.

Uncertain origins Sanskrit Caste System Agricultural / Pastoral Culture Tribal structure Epics: Ramayana, Mahabharata

Aryan Religion

Complex, precise ceremonies and rituals

The Vedas (Rig Veda)Core text of Hindu temple worship

Upanishads– Philosophical focus– Brahman and Atman: “Tat tvam

asi.”

Hinduism Priest and temple + meditation

and study– Puja

Path to ultimate reality, Brahman– Path of Asceticism– Path of Karma– Path of Devotion (bhakti)

Emperor Ashoka Unified all of India Buddhism as state religion

– Doctrine of Non-violence Rock Edicts Buddhist monks as

missionaries

[Image 5.2]Lion capital

Buddha Siddhartha Gautama (563-483

B.C)– Inescapability of suffering and death

– “Enlightened One” Fourfold Noble Path

– Eightfold Path– Emphasis on ethical, moderate living Liberation through knowledge

– Truth lies within

Hindu ArtReligious in spirit

EroticismHindu Art

Hindu ArtNaturalism

Unity in all life forms Avatars

Hindu Art

Buddhist ArtFocus on spirituality

Buddhist ArtCalm, transcendent

images

Buddhist ArtBuddha,

Bodhisattvas

Buddhist ArtRenunciation of worldly

pleasures

Indian Architecture

Indian architecture is that vast tapestry of production of the Indian Subcontinent that encompasses a multitude of expressions over space and time, transformed by the forces of history considered unique to the sub-continent, sometimes destroying, but most of the time absorbing.

The Gupta Empire and Its Aftermath

Chandra Gupta I (C.E. 320) Chandra Gupta II (ruled 380-415)

– “The Sun of Power”– Decline of Buddhism, rise of Hinduism

Gupta Literature– Kalidasa’s Sakuntala

– Sudraka’s The Little Clay Cart Gupta Science

– Foundation of large universities– Mechanics, medicine, mathematics

Collapse of Gupta Rule– The White Huns

– Religion vs. Secular Politics

The Gupta Empire and Its Aftermath

Ancient Indian Fashion

Ancient Indian Food

Ancient China

Origins of China Civilization

Shang Dynasty (1600-1100 B.C.E.)– Bronze craftsmanship – Trade, commerce– System of writing

Chou Dynasty (1100-221 B.C.E.)– Emperors

coordinated separate kingdoms

– Period of the Warring States (403-221 B.C.E.)

Origins of China Civilization

Origins of China Civilization

Confucianism– Confucius (551-479 B.C.E.)– Creating a new, virtuous social

order– Five inner virtues, two outer

virtues– Purpose of the State– Authority and discipline

Origins of China Civilization

Taoism– Lao Tzu (570 B.C.E.)– Limitations of human perceptions– “the Way” (tao)– Tao te ching– Passivity and resignation– “the soft yield of water cleaves

the obstinate stone”

The Unification of China Ch’in Dynasty (221 B.C.E.)

– Shih Huang-ti, “First Emperor”– Hsien-yang, capital city– Centralization– Burning of the Books– The Great Wall– The Emperor’s tomb

The Unification of China The Han Dynasty (202 B.C.E. -

C.E. 202)– Kao-Tzu (256-195 B.C.E.)– Elaborate central bureaucracy– Reconstruction of philosophical

texts

Aristocratic feuds / civil war

The Unification of China

T’ang Dynasty (C.E. 618-906)

– China’s Golden Age

The Unification of China

The Arts in Classical China:Literature

The Five Classics Popularity of poetry

– Li Po (C.E. 701-762) Philosophical writing

– Mahayana, Hiragana Buddhism Short story

The Arts in Classical China:Visual Arts

Blend of new and traditional styles

Direct impressions of daily life Shrines, monumental carvings Emphasis on craftsmanship

– Precision and clarity of design Calligraphy

– Emphasis on beauty of line

Ancient China Fashion

Ancient Chinese Food

Discussion Questions

In what ways does the classical art of China reflect the values of the major philosophical schools of the time? Explain, citing specific examples of art.

To what extent does literature serve as both an impediment of and a vehicle for reigning governments? Consider the use of literature during the various Chinese dynasties in comparison with the role of literature in the early Greek and Roman cultures.

Explain the difference between Buddhism as it first emerged in India from the Hindu tradition versus the Buddhism practiced in China. To what can we attribute these differences?

That’s all folks