I N D E X E S T O V O L U M E 325 (B)

AIDS Group of the United Kingdom Haemophilia Centre Directors, Seropositivity for hiv in U.K. haemophiliacs, 179.

Anderson, R. M., Blythe, S. P., Gupta, S. & Konings, E. The transmission dynamics of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in the male homosexual community in the United Kingdom: the influences of changes in sexual behaviour, 45.

Anderson, R. M., Cox, D. R. & Hillier, H. C. Epidemiological and statistical aspects of the aids epidemic: introduction, 39.

Benton, M. J. Mass extinctions among tetrapods and the quality of the fossil record, 369.Blythe, S. P. See Anderson et al.

Chaloner, W. G. & Hallam, A. (eds). Discussion Meeting, evolution and extinction, 239.Charig, A. J. The Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary and the last of the dinosaurs, 387.Cooper, H. M. See Pettigrew et al.Cowan, R. See Morris et al.Cox, D. R. See Anderson et al.Cox, D. R. & Davison, A. C. Prediction for small subgroups, 185.Cox, D. R. & Medley, G. F. A process of events with notification delay and the forecasting of aids, 135.

Davison, A. C. See Cox & Davison.Day, N. E., Gore, S. M., McGee, M. A. & South, M. Predictions of the aids epidemic in the U .K .: the use of the

back projection method, 123.Diamond, J. M. The present, past and future of human-caused extinctions, 469.Dixon, K. E. See Morris et al.

Fortey, R. A. There are extinctions and extinctions: examples from the Lower Palaeozoic, 327.

Gill, O. N. See Johnson & Gill.Gore, S. M. See Day et al.Gupta, S. See Anderson et al.

Hall, L. S. See Pettigrew et al.Hallam, A. The case for sea-level change as a dominant causal factor in mass extinction of marine invertebrates,

437; see also Chaloner & Hallam.Hartenberger, J.-L. See Jaeger & Hartenberger.Hillier, H. C. See Anderson et al.Hoffman, A. What, if anything, are mass extinctions?, 253.Holland, C. H. Synchronology, taxonomy and reality, 263.House, M. R. Ammonoid extinction events, 307.

Isham, Valerie Estimation of the incidence of hiv infection, 113.

Jablonski, D. The biology of mass extinction: a palaeontological view, 357.Jaeger, J. & Hartenberger, J.-L. Diversification and extinction patterns among Neogene perimediterranean

mammals, 401.Jamieson, B. G. M. See Pettigrew et al.Johnson A. M. & Gill, O. N. Evidence for recent changes in sexual behaviour in homosexual men in England and

Wales, 153.

Knoll, A. H. Evolution and extinction in the marine realm: some constraints imposed by phytoplankton, 279. Konings, E. See Anderson et al.

Me Anally, K. I. See Pettigrew et al.McCormick, Anna Estimating the size of the hiv epidemic by using mortality data, 163.McGee, M. A. See Day et al.Mariotto A. Rate of growth of aids epidemic in Europe: a comparative analysis, 175.Maynard Smith, J. The causes of extinction, 241.

[ 667 ]

668 Author index

Medley, G. F. See Cox & Medley.Morris, Valerie B., Dixon, K. E. & Cowan, R. The topology of cleavage patterns with examples from embryos of

Nereis, Styela and Xenopus, 1.

Pettigrew, J. D., Jamieson, B. G. M., Robson, S. K., Hall, L. S., McAnally, K. I. & Cooper, H. M. Phylogenetic relations between microbats, megabats and primates (Mammalia: Chiroptera and Primates), 489.

Raup, D. M The case for extraterrestrial causes of extinction, 421.Reeves, Gillian K. The overall distribution of survival times for U.K. aids patients, 147.Robson, S. K. See Pettigrew et al.

Sander, P. M. The pachypleurosaurids (Reptilia: Nothosauria) from the Middle Triassic of Monte San Giorgio (Switzerland) with the description of a new species, 561.

South, M. See Day et al.Spicer, R. A. Plants at the Cretaceous—Tertiary boundary, 291.

Tudge, C. The rise and fall of Homo sapiens sapiens, 479.

Wilkie, A. D. Population projections for aids using an actuarial model, 99.Williamson, M. Natural extinction on islands, 457.

Young, J. Z. The angular acceleration receptor system of diverse cephalopods, 189.

669

Subject index

acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids), 113.acritarchs, 279.actuarial model, 99.age-specific model, 99.aids, 45, 99, 147, 153, 163, 185.aids epidemic models, 123.aids, future incidence, 39.aids incubation period, 123.aids, prediction, 135.aids, statistical measurement, 39.allometry, 561.ammonites, 421.ammonoids, 307.anoxia, role in extinction, 327.atom of probability, 147.

back calculation, short-term prediction, 39. back projection method, 113. background extinction, 357. biased sampling, 135. bilateral cleavage, 1. bio-events, evolution, 253. biogeography and extinction, 357. biostratigraphy, 263. blastula, 1.buoyancy and statocysts, 189.

calcareous nannoplankton, 279. carbon, stable isotopes, 253. causation, extinction events, 307. cell-division patterns, 1. chemostat models, 457. chiropteran paraphyly, 489. clade survival, 357. coevolution, 241. competition, 241.Cretaceous—Tertiary boundary, 263, 279, 369, 421.

dermopterans, 489. dinosaur extinctions, 387. discrete data, 147. disease, 241.diversity, ammonoids, 307.

empirical Bayes estimates, 175. empirical survivor function, 147. environmental change, 279.Eocene—Oligocene boundary, 279. epidemic, 185.epidemics, mathematical models, 39. epidemiology, 135, 163. epidemiology of aids, 39. epithelia, 1. evolution, 239. exponential distribution, 147. exponential growth rate, 175. extinction, 239, 263, 421.

extinction events, 307. extinction, tetrapods, 369. extinctions, 291.extinctions, lower Palaeozoic, 327.

factor VIII, 179. fossil record, 369.Frasnian-Famennian boundary, 263.

geochronometry, 263. gradual extinction, 421.

habitat destruction, 469. haemophilia, 179. hepatitis B, 153. hiv, 163, 179.hiv epidemic predictions, 123.hiv positive, 99.hiv seropositivity, 179.homosexual behaviour, 153.human evolution, 479.human immunodeficiency virus (aids), 153.human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), 113.

incubation periods, aids, 113.incubation rate, 99.infection intensity, 99.introduced species, 469.islands, human-caused extinctions, 469.

K-T boundary, dinosaurs, 387.K—T boundary, plants, 291.

Lotka-Volterra models, 457.

macroevolution, 253, 357.mammalian flight, 489.mammals, perimediterranean Neogene, 401.marine invertebrate extinctions, 437.mass extinction, 357, 369.measles, 457.mechanics of cleavage, 1.megabats, 489.megafaunal extinction, 469.meteorite impact, 421.microbats, 489.minimum viable population, 457.

Neogene mammals, 401.Neusticosaurus, 561. nonstationary point process, 135.

Octopus statocysts, 189.Ordovician-Silurian boundary, 263, 327.

palaeobiology, 253. palaeobotany, 291.

670 Subject index

palaeoclimate, 291. paraphyly, 369.perimediterranean mammals, Neogene, 401. Permo-Triassic extinction, 253.Phanerozoic marine invertebrates, 437. point process, 135, 185.Poisson process, 135. predation, 241. prediction, hiv, 185. primates, 489.Proterozoic extinctions, 279.

rarity, 457.Red Data Books, 469.‘Red Queen’, 241. regression, 437.

sea-level change, extinction, 437. semicircular canals, 189. sexual behaviour changes, 45. sexual dimorphism, 561.

sexually transmitted diseases, 153. skeletochronology, 561. soft-part preservation, 561. species selection, 241. species-richness and extinction, 357. spiral cleavage, 1. squid statocysts, 189. standardized mortality ratio, 163. statocysts of cephalopods, 189. stepwise extinction, 421. survival analysis, 147.

taxonomy, 561. tetrapods, extinction, 369. transgression, 437. transmission dynamics, hiv, 45. trilobites, extinction, 327. tropical rainforests, 469. turnover, 457.

vestibular system, 189.

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Developmental biology is one of the most exciting areas in contemporary science. This volume describes the results of new approaches to the embryo that have led to accurate descriptions of how, through cell lineage, the cells of the embryo produce the patterns of the adult. Results from diverse vertebrates and invertebrates are brought together for the first time.

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THE PAST THREE MILLION YEARSEVOLUTION OF CLIMATIC

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Any understanding of present-day life and climate of the Earth requires a foundation of knowledge of recent earth his­tory, especially so when we realise the great climatic changes, with ice ages, which have taken place during the past three million years.

The North Atlantic region provides much evidence for climatic history, both from the ocean and from neighbouring continental areas; it is perhaps the most intensively studied area of the world in this respect.

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