Boston College Law ReviewVolume 20Issue 5 Number 5 Article 7

7-1-1979

INDEX TO VOLUME XX

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CUMULATIVE INDEX TO VOLUME XX

1978-1979

CASE INDEX

Cases Cited Pages .

Abood v. Detroit Board ofEducation 1015

Adair v. United States 461, 474Agricultural Labor Relations Board

v. Superior Court TulureCounty 10, 11

Alabama Farm Bureau CasualtyInsurance Co. v. American FidelityLife Insurance Co. 835-36, 838

Aladdin Hotel Corp. 79-83Albemarle Paper Co. v.

Moody 147, 149, 159, 210-11Allegheny Gen. Hosp. 893, 897Alyeska Pipeline Co. v. Wilderness

Society 539American Cyanamid Co. 915American Pipe & Construction Co.

v. Utah 148Anderson v. Boston 1021-24Bacon v. United States 790Bank of America National Trust and

Savings Association v. UnitedStates 711

Barr v. Mateo 579, 581, 585-91, 599Bates v. Clark 589Beacon Theatres, Inc. v.

Westover 511, 513-17, 521-23Beth Israel v. NLRB 7, 27Bernstein v. Universal Pictures,

Inc. 522-23, 530, 533Biesenbach v.

Guenther 836, 838, 840Bigelow v. R1(0 Radio Pictures,

Inc. 57Bivens v. Six Unknown Named

Agents of the Federal Bureau ofNarcotics 578, 580, 592-93

Blue Chip Stamps v. Manor DrugStores 841, 845

Board of Regents v. Roth 475BOC International Ltd. v.

FTC 501, 504, 506Bonwit Teller (NLRB) 293Boys Market, Inc. v. Retail Clerks

Local 770 17-18, 38, 43-44

Cases Cited Pages

Bradford v. Textile Workers Local1093 134-38

Branzburg v. Hayes 800, 802-04, 812Brawley v. United States 706-07British Rail-International,

Inc. 63, 65, 67Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen

v. Chicago River & Indiana RRCo. 15, 16, 40-41, 42-44, 46

Brown Shoe Co. v.United States 488

Bryan v. United States 944-45Buckley v. Valeo 1012-23Building and Construction Trades

Council (Sullivan ElectricCo.) 112, 117

Buffalo Forge Co. v. UnitedSteelworkers

2, 17-18, 20, 21, 45, 47, 49-51Burks v. United

States 926, 935, 943-48, 950-52Butz v.

Economou 575-83, 585-91, 594-600Camara v. Municipal Court of

the City and County of SanFrancisco 789

Caircmi d. en Regional Legal Services,73

Cedars-Sinai Medical Center 102-05Chattanooga Foundry and Pipe

Works v. City of Atlanta 445-48Christiansburg Garment Co. v.

EEOC 217-20, 224, 544Christie v. United States 705-06Cities Service Helex, Inc. v. United

States 702, 707City of Philadelphia v.

Westinghouse 955-59Clearfield Trust Co. v. United

States 683-84, 686, 689-91Cleary v. Chalk 446-48Clark v. Cookson 527Clench v. Tomley 527Cohen v. California 989Collins v. United Air Lines, Inc. 146

1025

Cases Cited Pages

Columbia Broadcasting System, Inc.v. Democratic NationalCommittee 433

Commissioner v. Estate ofBedford 605-06

Commodity Futures Trading

Cases Cited Pages

Farmer v. United Brotherhood ofCarpenters 564

FCC v. Pacifica Foundation 975-1002Federal Electric Corp. v. United

States 703First National Bank of Boston v.

Commission v. J.S. Love & Bellotti 1003-24Associates Options, Ltd. 641 Foley, Hoag, and Eliot 70-75

Commonwealth v. Noffke 572 Fordham University 83-84Copeland v. Martinez 217, 222-24 Fortune v. National CashCoppage v. Kansas 474 Register 471-73Cort v. Ash 865 Four Seasons NursingCummins v. Parker Seal Co. 197-200 Center 95, 886, 916Dairy Queen, Inc. v. Franks v. Bowman Transportation

Wood 515-17, 521-23District 1199, RWDSU (United

Hospitals) 121, 126-28Diversified Industries, Inc. v.

Meredith 968-70Donaldson v. United

States 743, 749-52, 758Dothard v. Rawlinson 163-65Downs v. United

States 761-62, 769-73, 775-77Drachman v. HarVey 824-25Duplan Corporation v. Deering

Milliken, Inc. 966-68D'Youville College 89-91Eastex, Inc. v. NLRB 7EEOC v. Bailey Co. 212-216, 218EEOC v. General Electric

Co. 212, 215-16EEOC v. Griffin Wheel

Co. 206, 207, 209EEOC v. International Union of

Operating Engineers, Locals 14 &15 154-58

EEOC v. Kimberly-ClarkCorp. 206-07, 209, 211

EEOC v. Local 638 156-58Eisen v. Carlisle &Jacquelin 618-20, 622-23, 630

Erie R.R. Co. v. Tompkins 683Ernst & Ernst v.

Hochfelder 633-47, 841-42, 845Everett Plywood and Door Corp. v.

United States 704Ex-Cello Corp. 22, 23Ex-Cello Corp. (NLRB) 2-3, 55Excelsior Underwear, Inc.

(NLRB) 31-32Extendicare of West

Virginia 95, 887-89

Co. 141, 142, 144, 210-11FTC v. Atlantic Richfield Co.501, 503Gardiner Manufacturing Co. v.

United States 697-98Geary v. United States Steel

Co. 468, 470Geduldig v. Aiello 161-62, 165General Electric Co. v.

Gilbert 159-63, 165-69General Electric (NLRB) 31-32General Knit of California, Inc. 78Georgia v. Evans 414-17, 419-20Griggs v. Duke Power Co.160, 162-63Goldberg v. Kelly 481Goldberg v.

Meridor 832, 834-36, 838-40Goldfarb v. Virginia State Bar 71Gordon v. Shearson Hayden Stone,

Inc. 640-41Granger v. Marek 598-99Grosjean v. American Press

Co. 1007, 1011Haltmier v. Commodity Futures

Trading Commission 638-41Hamling v. United States 980Harper & Roe Publishers, Inc. v.

Decker 962-65Hawaii v. Standard Oil Co. of

California 443, 449, 451-53Hanover Shoe, Inc. v. United Shoe

Machinery Corp. 443, 449-55Healy v. Catalyst Recovery of

Pa. 835, 836, 838-39Hinderlider v. LaPlata River and

Cherry Creek Pitch Co. 683H.K. Porter Co. v. NLRB 22Hollerbach v. United States 705-06Hollywood Ceramics Co. 75-78Hudgens v. NLRB 570-71

1026

Cases Cited Pages Cases Cited Pages

Idaho Power Co. v. UnitedStates 606

ILC Peripherals Leasing Corp. v.International Business MachinesCorp. 523-24, 530, 533

Illinois Brick Co. v.Illinois 443, 449-53

In re Ampicillin AntitrustLitigation 970-72

In re Boise Cascade SecuritiesLitigation 520-23, 530-31, 533, 535

In re Grand JuryInvestigation 959-60

In re Slodav 553, 555In re United States

Financial SecuritiesLitigation 521-23, 530, 533

lnda v. United Airlines, Inc. 145-51International Brotherhood ofTeamsters v. United States 143, 144

International Union of Electrical,Radio and Machine Workers v.NLRB (Tiidee Products) 57

International Union of ElectricalWorkers v. Robbins & Myers,Inc. 150-51

John C. Kohler Co. v. UnitedStates 703

Kendall v. Stokes 589Key Buick v.

Commissioner 540-44, 552Kidwell v. Meikle 834, 835-36, 838Laborers' Local 1057 v. NLRB (Mer-

cy Hospital of Laredo) 121-25, 128Levine Hosp. of Hayward, Inc. 920Linn v. Plant Guard Workers 563-65Little v. Barreme 589Livingston Shirt Corp. 30-32, 34Long Island College Hospital v.

NLRB (LICH) 93-94, 98-99, 101-02Maldonado v.

Flynn 839, 840, 851, 866Marcas v. Search

Warrant 799, 801-02, 804McCulloch v. Sociedad Nacional de

Marineros de Honduras 65-66, 69McCurnin v. Kohlmeyer &

Co. 637-38McLean Hospital 102

Meeks Transfer Co. 699, 700Mercy Center for Health Care

Servs. 918Miami Herald Publishing Co. v.

Tornillo 12, 13Michael Reese Hosp. Sc Medical

Center 918-20Monge v. Beebe Rubber

Co. 469, 470, 472, 473Moore v. Bay 405Nashville Gas Co. v.

Satty 159-60, 165-69National Citizens Committee for

Broadcasting v. FCC 425-38Natus Corporation v. United

States 701Newington Children's Hosp. 904Newman v. Local 1101,

Communications Workers 134-38Niagara University v. NLRB 84-93Niagara University [Niagara

II[ 85-88, 91-92Nicholas & Company v. United

States 771-72, 776-77NLRB v. Babcock & Wilcox

Co. '6, 11, 567-68NLRB v. Burns International

Security Services, Inc. 105, 108NLRB v. Committee of Interns and

Residents 103NLRB v. Delaware-New Jersey Ferry

Co. 890-92NLRB v. Electrical Workers Local

388 125NLRB v. Gissel Packing Co. 12NLRB v. Local 103, Iron

Workers 112-18NLRB v. Mercy Hosps. of

Sacramento, Inc. 905, 908-13NLRB v. Savair Manufacturing

Co. 79-83NLRB v. St. Francis

College 84, 86-93NLRB v. United Steelworkers

(Nutone, Inc.) 30, 32, 35NLRB v. West Suburban

Hosp. 93-102, 899NLRB v. Wyman-Gordon Co. 32, 35NLRB v. Tiidee Products. Inc. 22-24

1027

Cases Cited PagesCases Cited Pages

Noble v. Clayton 222Northern Helex Co. v. United

States 707-09O'Brien v. Continental Illinois

National Bank 838Occidental Life Insurance Co. v.

EEOC 201-1Ohio Valley Hosp. Ass'n 914O'Neill v. Maytag 822Oppenheimer Fund, Inc. v.

Sanders 617-31The Pablock Co. v. United

States 699Pacific Hide & Fur Depot, Inc. v.

NLRB 106, 109-10Pappas v. Moss 822, 823Parker v. Califano 217-18, 220-22Patzkowski v. United

States 540, 543-44, 552, 554Perry v. Sindermann 475Petermann v. International

Brotherhood of Teamsters 467, 470Pfizer, Inc. v. Government of

India 411-24Physicians National House Staff

Association v. Murphy 104Piper v. Chris-Craft Industries,

Inc. 853Ragar v. T.J. Raney & Sons 447-48Red Lion Broadcasting Co. v.

FCC 430, 433Reisman v. Caplin

749Reiter v. Sonotone Corp. 439-55Republic Aviation v. NLRB

6, 28

Riverside Methodist Hosp. 897R.J. Smith Construction Co. 114Ross v.

Bernhard 511, 516-18, 521, 531, 533Ruckle v. Roto American Corp. 822Sailor's Union of the Pacific (Moore

Dry Dock) 130-31, 133Sanabria v. United States 933San Diego Building Trades Councilv. Garman 561-64, 565, 570

Santa Fe Industries, Inc. v.Green 820-66

Scheyer v. Rhodes 591-92Schlick v. Penn-Dixie Cement

Corp. 833Schmerber v. California 796-97Schoenbaum v. Firstbrook 823-25Sears Roebuck & Co. v. San Diego

County District Council ofCarpenters 7, 558-60, 564-74

Serfass v. United States 929Scion Hill College 84-86, 88-89, 91Shell v. Hensley 823, 825

Shimberg v. UnitedStates 601-04, 610-16

Shopping Kart Food Market,75-78

Shriners Hosp. for CrippledChildren 918

Silverman v. Commodity FuturesTrading Commission 638-41

Sinclair Refining Co. v.Atkinson 16, 42-43

SK Products Corp. 63, 68-69Smith v. California 222Sniadach v. Family Finance Corp.480Spalding v.

Vilas 578-79, 581, 585-91, 599Stanford v. Texas 799, 801-02, 804St. Catherine's Hosp. of Dominican

Sisters 888-89St. Clare's Hospital 103, 104St. Vincent's Hospital v.

NLRB 93, 94, 100-02, 898, 917State Bank of India 63-67, 69Steelworkers Trilogy 18, 42Story Parchment Co. v. Paterson

Parchment Paper Co. 56-57Superintendent of Insurance v.

Bankers Life & Cas. Co. 824, 825Swift v. Tyson 683, 710Teamsters Local 807 (Schultz

Refrigerated Service, Inc.) 131-32Teamsters Local 83 (Allied

Concrete) 130-33Teamsters Local 344 v. NLRB

(Purolator) 119-21Terry v. Ohio 796-97Textile Workers v. Lincoln

Mills 14, 42Transatlantic Financing Corporationv. United States 696, 701, 714

Trans World Airlines, Inc. v.Hardison 192-200

Touche Ross v. Reddington 847, 865United Air Lines, Inc. v. Evans138-44United States v. Ball 928United States v. Bank of America

National Trust and SavingsAssociation 689

United States v. Black and DeckerManufacturing Co. 507-08

United States v. Burnette-CarterCo. 712

United States v. Chicago Burlingtonand Quincy R.R. Co. 273

United States v. Citizens & SouthernNational Bank 489, 490-91

United States v. CooperCorp. 414, 418, 420

1028

Cases Cited

United States v.Allegheny

United States v.United States v.

Corp.United States v.United States v.

Corp.United States v.United States v.

Harvester Co.

Pages

County of691-92

Davis 607-09Falstaff Brewing

499, 501, 508Garrison 553, 555General Dynamics

487-96, 499Hext 688, 711International

491, 493-94

Cases Cited Pages

Wilkes v. Dinsman 589Wood v. Strickland 594Woodland Park Hospital 95, 886-87Wright v. Heizer

Corp. 830-32, 835-36, 838Wright v. United States 603, 608-16Yates v. United States 944-45Zenith Radio Corp. v. United

States 760-82Zurcher, Chief of Police of Palo Alto

v. Stanford Daily 783-818United States v. Jenkins 936-38United States v. Kimbell Foods,

Inc. 685United States v. LaSalle National

Bank 741-59United States v. Marine

Bancorporation, Inc.489, 491. 497-98, 500-01, 503-08

United States v. Marine MidlandBank of New York 755

United States v. National ExchangeBank of Baltimore 690, 692

United States v. O'Brien 812-13United States v. Pabst Brewing

Co. 496-97United States v. Passavant 776United States v. Philadelphia

National Bank 488United States v. Powell 746, 755United States v.

Scott 926, 934-35, 936-43, 948-52United States v. Standard Rice

Co. 692United States v. Upjohn 960-62United States v. Wegematic

Corp, 695, 697, 700United States v. Wilson 931, 946United States v. Zack 743United Steel Workers v. American

Mfg. Co. 42United Steelworkers v. Enterprise

Wheel & Car Corp. 42United Steelworkers v. Warrior &

Gulf Navigation Co. 42Valente v. Pepsi Co., Inc. 837Virginia State Board of Pharmacy v.

Virginia Citizens ConsumerCouncil, Inc. 434, 435, 1017-18

Waldron v. British PetroleumCo. 446-48

Warden v. Hayden 787-88, 794-95Washington v. Davis 160Wayne County Neighborhood Legal

Services, Inc. 73-75WC:BS-TV 425-26Wedderhurn v. Pickering 527

1029

TOPICAL INDEX

ABA-ALI MODEL Bus. CORP. ACT§ 15

850§ 16

850§ 18

850§ 19

850§ 75

850§ 81

850ANTITRUST LAW

Actual Entry TheoryApproximate Time

Framework

504Capability for Entry via Internal

Expansion

507Inability of Small Firms to Enter

Market

507"Near" Future

505Rejection of "Eventual" Entry

Analysis

505"Strict" Proof

503Antitrust Improvements Act of

1976 442-43, 453-55Burden of Proof

Proving Entry Percep- 508-09tions Clayton Act

Consumer Standing 439-55Domestic State a Person under §

4 415Foreign Nation a person under §

4 411-15Criticized 415-17Policy Considerations 421-24Prior Supreme Court

Decisions 420-21Statutory and Legislative

Basis

417-19§ 4

411-12,414,420,421§ 4A

418§7

485-509

§ 16

418United States Not a Person

under § 4 414Company Intention 503Control and Competition 491-92Evidence of Unreliability of Gov-

ernment Statistics 492Failing Company

Defense 488, 492-93Distinguish Financial Weakness

Defense 493Imminent Bankruptcy 493Standard of Proof 493-94

Functional v. Structural Ap-proach

494Hart-Scott-Rodino Premerger Re-

quirements

509Market Share

I ndicies of Ownership

489

Market Share and. ConcentrationAnalysis 486-97

Future Production Potential 488Prima Facie Case of Vio-

lation 487, 489, 490Rebuttal Evidence 487, 499

MergersGovernment Burden of Proof

Regulated v. UnregulatedIndustries 500-01

Impact on CompetitionFunctional Approach 491

"New Defenses" 494-95Perceived Entry TheoryTwo Conditions of Actual Entry

Theory Applicable 508Potential Competition 498-509Pro-competitive Effects 506

Level of Concentration 507Sherman Act

§ 1 490§§ 1 & 2 411

ARMED SERVICES BOARD OF CONTRACTAPPEALS 699-700

ATTORNEYSAttorney-Client Privilege-

Corporations 953-74ATTORNEY'S FEES

Legislation Authorizing Awardof 539-57

BANKRUPTCYPreferences as Defined in Bank-

ruptcy Act 401Trustee and Cash Seller's Attempt

to Reclaim Goods 395-406BANKRUPTCY ACT

§ 60 395, 401-04§ 67(c) 395-400§ 70(c) 395-96§ 70(e) 355, 404-06"Strong Arm" Provision 395

BANKRUPTCY REFORM ACT OF 1978§ 54.6(c)

406-08CASH SELLER

Rights against Article 9 SecuredParty

386Rights against Attaching Lien Cre-

ditor

388Rights against the Nonpayingbuyer 380-84

Rights against Third Parties 384-95Rights against Trustee in

Bankruptcy

395-408Right of Reclamation

381

Right to Reclaim GoodsMust Reclaim within Ten

Days

382

1030

TOPICAL INDEX

Ten-day LimitationWritten Misrepresentation of

Solvency 382Ten-day Limitation Works an Un-

necessary Hardship 383Trustee in Bankruptcy 395-406

CIVIL RIGHTS ATTORNEY'S FEESAWARDS ACT OF 1976Tax Litigation and 539-57

CLASS ACTIONSAllocation of Expense ofCompiling ClassMembership List 617-31Standard for Ordering Defendant

to Compile List 620-22CLAYTON ACT

§ 4 439-55Antitrust Violations 439-55Consumer Standing 439-55Foreign Sovereigns as

Persons 411-20Policy Considerations 421-24

§7Actual Entry Theory 498, 499

Availability of AlternativeMeans 500

Factual Conditions 499Market Definition 495-97

GeographicalDetermination 496-97

GovernmentalPresumption 496-98

Market Determination"Section of the Country"

Criterion 497Perceived Entry Doctrine Pre-

requisites 500Perceived Entry Theory 508

COMMODITY EXCHANGE ACTRequirement of Scienter in Civil

Action for Fraud 633-47§ 4(b) 633-47§ 14 640§ 40 644-45

COMMODITIES FUTURES TRADINGCOMMISSION ACT, 1974 639-40

CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET AcrSpecial Analysis

Tax Expenditures 276CONSTITUTIONAL LAW

Double Jeopardy Clause 925-52First Amendment

Freedom of SpeechCorporate Speech 1003-24Municipal Speech 1021-24Political Campaign

Financing 1003-24Labor Union Picketing 127-29Obscenity 975-1002

Qualified Immunity for ExecutiveOfficials for ConstitutionalViolations 575-600

Seventh AmendmentComplexity Exception 511-38

CORPORATE REORGANIZATION 601-16"A" Reorganizations 605

Boot Distributions 605Antifraud Provisions

Private Actions 822-66CORPORATIONS

Attorney-Client Privilege 953-74Corporate Mismanagement 814-66Federal Proxy Rules 848-53Proposed Federal Securities

Code 861-65SEC Rule 106-5 819-66Tender Offers 853-56

COUNTERVAILING DUTY STATUTEAdrn inistrative

Interpretations 767-69Judicial Acceptance of Administra-

tive Interpretations 773-77Judicial Interpretations 769-72Legislative Background 765-67The Need for Reform 777-81

CRIMINAL PROCEDUREAcquittal

New Definition 939, 946Criminal Appeals Act 928-29Double Jeopardy

Acquittals Dismissals and, Appel-late Reversals 925-52

Final Judgments ThatInvoke, 927-35

The "Per Se" Rule and Fact Ver-sus Law 948

Pre-trial and Post-convictionJudgments 929-32

Reason for Discharge asControlling 932-48

COURTSEquitable Power to Award Attor-

ney's Fees 539Interpretation of Civil Rights At-

torneys' Fees Awards Act of1976 540-44

CREDIT SELLERTen-day Right to Reclaim

Goods 381DIVORCE LAW

Changes in 459-60EMPLOYMENT AT WILL

Employer's Right to TerminatePublic Policy Exceptions to, 467-

69Mutuality of Right to Ter-

minate 461Termination 466

1031

BOSTON COLLEGE LAW REVIEW

"Bad Reasons" for 464-66Good Cause for 461-64Massachusetts Rule 471-72New Hampshire Rule 470

ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONSERVA-TION ACTDirect Regulatory Use of Excise

Taxes 249ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONSERVA-

TION ACT OF 1975Tentative Approval of Tax

Credit 269ENERGY TAX Ac'r-1978

Denial of Investment Credit andAccelerated Depreciation 243

More Inclusion of Tax Credits forEnergy Expenses 257-58

Windfall Taxes 250-51Furry

Power to Award Attorney'sFees 539

ESTATE PLANNINGOwners of Closely Held

Corporations 648-78EXPANDED GROSS INCOME

Tax Expenditures Disproportion-ately Paid 254-55

FEDERAL COMMON LAW 682-90Conceptual Foundation 683-85Content 685-90Policy Considerations 688-90Use of State Law 685-88

FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMIS-SIONEnforcement Authority 975-1002

FEDERAL CONTRACT COMMONLAW 680-715Applicability of UCC Article

2 680-82, 692-715FEDERAL CORRUPT PRACTICES ACT

2 U.S.C. § 441(b) 1007-08FEDERAL COURTS

Federal Contract Forums 693-710Federal Boards of Contract

Appeal 699-700Federal Circuit Courts 695-99United States Courts of

Claims 701-10FEDERAL ESTATE AND GIFT TAX

Deferral Provisions 657-59FEDERAL INCOME TAX

(see also Internal Revenue Code,Tax Credits, Tax Expenditures,and Tax Policy).

Automatic DividendRule 605-06, 610-11

. Cash Distributions toShareholders 601-16

Corporate ReorganizationHypothetical Redemption of

Stock 609-10Disproportionate Redemption and

Termination of InterestSafe Harbor Provisions 607

Distributions in Redemption ofStockBoot Distributions 603-04, 608,

611, 615Dividend Equivalence 607Interaction of Tax and Budget

Policy Issues 287-300Need for Coordinated

Approach 287-97Direct. Spending and Tax

Expenditure 287-94Executive Decision-

making 294-96Legislative Decision-

making 291-93Possible Course

of Action 297-300Private Decision-making290-91

Redemption of Stock 607Meaningful Reduction of In-

terest 608, 609, 611, 616FEDERAL PREEMPTION OF STATE

COURT JURISDICTIONNational Labor Relations Act

§ 7 558-74FEDERAL RULES OF CIVIL PROCEDURE

Rule 23 619-25, 628-31Rule 26(b) 621Rule 33 626-28Rule 34 619-20, 626-28

FEDERAL TORT CLAIMS ACT 697FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION ACT

§ 5Burden of Strict Proof 502Denial as Independent Basis for

Challenging Mergers 503Injunction 502

§7Denial of Injunctive Relief 502

FRAUDSee Commodities Exchange Act

and Securities Exchange ActGOVERNMENT

Federal Executive OfficialsImmunity 575-600

INTERNAL REVENUE CODEAward of Attorney's Fees in Cases

Arising under 539-57§ 47 653§ I01 654§ 302 650, 652§ 303 648-78

1032

TOPICAL INDEX

§ 306 655-56§ 311 652-53

331 650§ 537 654§ 1023 655-56§ 1245 653§ 1250 653§ 6161 657§ 6166 648, 656, 657-78§ 6166A 648, 656, 657-78Summons

Proper Standard forEnforcing 741-59

INTERNATIONAL ASPECTS OF TAXEXPENDITURES 336-54Consideration by International

Organizations 336-42International Fiscal Association

Report 337-39International Institute of Public

Finance 340-42Impact in Particular International

Tax MattersDouble Taxation Treaty 348-54

INTERSTATE COMMERCEImpact of Law Firms on 70-73

JURISDICTION

Law or EquityAccounting Actions 526-30

NLRBAttorneys as a Bargaining

Unit 73-75Over Foreign-related Employees

Doing Business in the U.S.63-69

Over Law Firms 70-75Over Legal Services Corps.73-75Over Religious/lay Faculty Bar-

gaining Units 83-93Statutory Authority under NLRA

to Assert Jurisdiction overDomestic Employers with CloseTies to a Foreign State 64

LABOR LAWAccess During Elections 8Availability of Injunctive Relief to

Enforce Collective BargainingAgreements 14-23

Availability During ArbitrationDisputes 15-18

Legislative Proposals 19-21Bargaining Units Determination

Health Care Institutions 867-923Hospital Housestaff 102-05NLRB

Exclusion of ReligiousFaculty 83-93

Separate Hospital MaintenanceUnits 94-102

Significiance of Contribution byReligious Faculty toUniversity 85-92

Employer's Property Rights 7First Amendment Problems 12-13

Bargaining Units 867-923Hospital Employees 93-105Labor-Management Reporting and

Disclosure Act of 1959Freedom of Speech 133-38

8(b)(7)(C) 110-14, 117, 119-21* 8(f) 111-17§ 101(a)(2) 134

National Labor Relations Act1974 Amendments 867

§ 7 109-10§ 8(a)(5) 113

8(b)(4) 129-30§ 8(b)(7)(C) 110-14, 117, 119-21§ 8(d) 124-25§ 8(f) 111-17§ 8(g) 121-29§ 9(a) 109-10§ 9(b) 94, 892, 897, 902, 915, 920§ 13 123-24, 128

Non-employee Access for UnionCommunication 6-8

Proposed Legislation 8-12Title VII

EEOC Enforcement, Statute ofLimitations 200-12

EEOC Suits, Scope 212-16Employment Benefits

Pensions 178-90Seniority 169-78

Intent 159-69Religious Discrimination 190-200Remedies

Attorney's Fees 216-24Statistical Work Force

Comparisons 152-59Timely Filing Requirements

138-52Unfair Labor Practices 105-33

By Successor Employers 105-10Common Situs Picketing 129-33First Amendment Rights 127-29Hospital Picketing 121-29Picketing After Board Determi-

nation Not to HoldElections 118-21

Picketing by Non-health CareEmployees 122-25

Picketing to Enforce PrehireAgreement 110-18

1033

BOSTON COLLEGE LAW REVIEW

Union PicketingUnion Rights to Communicate 6-7

LABOR LAW REFORM ACT OF 1978H.R. 8410 1-3, 56S. 2467 1-3, 56Unresolved Labor/Management

IssuesEqual Access 1-2, 27-37Injunctive Relief 2, 38-53Make-whole Remedy 2, 3, 53-59

MASTER-SERVANT

Employment at Will 458MODEL BUSINESS CORPORATIONS ACT

§ 73 850§ 79 850§ 84 850

NATIONAL ENERGY PLAN - 1977Inclusion of Tax Expenditures

Based on Tax CreditSystem 257

Senate Finance Committee Shift toTax Incentives 257

NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS ACT

(see also Labor Law)§7

Federal Preemption of StateCourt Jurisdiction 558-74

Primary Jurisdiction 558-74NATIONAL RAILROAD ADJUSTMENT

BOARD 41NEW PROPERTY

Status as Property 479-81NEW YORK BUSINESS CORPORATIONS

LAW

§ 903 850NONEXCESSIVE REMISSIONS OF

FOREIGN EXCISE TAXES 760-82NORRIS-LAGUARDIA ACT OF

1932 14, 15, 18, 38-39, 41-42, 46OBSCENITY 975-1002ORGANIZATIONAL ELECTIONS

Campaign ConductNLRB Supervision of, 75-78

PENSIONS 476-77POLITICAL CAMPAIGN FINANCE

Federal Corrupt PracticesAct 1007-08

Restrictions on CorporateActivity 1003-324

Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 55 § 8 1004QUALIFIED IMMUNITY 575RADIO ACT OF 1927 979RAILWAY LABOR ACT 15REPRESENTATIONAL AND ORGANIZA-

TIONAL ACTIVITY

Elections 75-83Campaign Conduct 75-78Requiring Prepayment of Union

Dues 79-83

REVENUE ACT OF 1978Corporate Tax Rate Structure

Relief for Small Business 235Emerging Classification Is-

sue 234Graduated Increase over FourYears for Investment Credit upto 90% 269

Taxable Tax CreditsDeduction for Paid Wages to

Be Reduced by Jobs TaxCredit 273

SEARCH AND SEIZURE

Property of a Third-partyNewspaper 783-818

Less Intrustive Alternatives toSearch and Seizure 814-17

Rationale for First AmendmentProtection of MediaNewsprocessing 804-12

Requirement of Scienter in CivilFraud Action 633-47

Standard to Review Infringementsof First AmendmentFreedoms 812-14

SENIORITY 478

SOCIAL SECURITY FINANCE ACT OF

1977Initial Approval For Refundable

Tax Credit for State, Local andNon-profit Organizations 270

STANDING

Consumer StandingBusiness or Property

Requirement 439-55Parens Patriae Suits 452, 454-55

STATE AND LOCAL TAX

EXPENDITURES 354-55STATE COURT JURISDICTION 558STOCKHOLDERS

Allocation of Expense in CompilingMembership List in ClassAction 617-31

TAFT-HARTLEY ACT OF 1947§ 301(a) 41-42

TAX CREDITS

Business Tax Credits •Table Comparing Direct Subsidy

and Investment Credit 272Congressional Inability to

Evaluate Tax Credits as Alter-natives to Direct Grants 258

Helps Avoid Benefits Increasefor Higher Brackets 260-61

Inefficiency in Tax ShelterDeductions 256-57

Inflation Adjustments 280-81Response to National

Economy 280-811034

TOPICAL INDEX

Revenue Act of 1978 280Selective Tax Relief 281

Not All Exemptions or Deductionsto Be Converted to Credits 263-65

Not to Be Substituted For SpecialBusiness Deductions 258-59

Opposition By Economists 271Re fundability

Forces Poverty Level Persons toFile 271

Refundable Tax Credits 267-72

Total Cost Table 269

Tax Administration 278-80Complication Due to Tax

Expenditure 279-80Tax Credits Produce More Effi-

cient and EquitableDistribution 256-63

Tax Simplification 275-78Expenditure Concept Compli-

cates System 277-78Repeal of Individual Tax

Expenditures 278-79Repeal of Tax Expenditures as

Means to Simplify 27-77Trend toward Credits for Personal

Expenditures 263-64Whether Income Bracket Should

Govern Availability of Loans 259TAX EXPENDITURE

ConceptCurrent Developments and

Emerging Issues 225-369Definition of Tax

Expenditures 227-38Developments

Classification of LegislativeChanges 232-38

Comprehensive Budget Presenta-tion of Tax Expenditures andTax Penalties 286-87

Congressional Use for Regula-tory Purposes 246-47

Critical ObservationsRelations to Basic Revenue

Estimation 239-40Dependents' Exemption Con-

version to Tax Credit 264Distribution of Expenditures

by Income Class — 1977 Fis-cal Year, Appendix B 359-68

Estimates of Tax

Expenditures 238-42Excise Taxes and RegulatoryUse of the Tax System 246-52Factors Inhibiting Trend to

Tax Credits 265-66

Fostering of InternationalEconomic Goals 244-45

Other Taxes 252-53Personal Deductions Exclude

Middle and Low IncomeGroups 262-63

Personal Exemption Conver-sion to Tax Credit a PoliticalDecision 264

President's 1978 ProposalsMajor Tax RateReductions 240-42

Primary Cause of Tax In-equity 255

Refundable Tax Credits 267-72Taxable Tax Credits 272-75Tax Credit

Reconstructed as a DirectSpending Program 273

Tax PenaltiesPublic Policy 242-43

Tax Penalties and Limits on TaxExpenditures 242-45

Tax Policy Issues 253-82Tax Reform Aspects 253-56Trend to Tax Credits 256-66

Legislative ProcessAuthorization-Appropriation

Process 320-281977 Energy Tax 323-27Refundable Tax

Credits 320-23Tuition Tax Credits 327-78

Mechanicisms To CoordinateTax and DirectExpenditures 335-36

1977-1978 Experience 307-19Budget Situation 313Effect of Cloture 317-19Energy Tax Bill 311-13Impact of 1979 Budget 316-17One Year Budget

Effects 313-16Other Aspects, Budget

Process 319-20Revenue Act of 1978 313-19Tax Credit for Higher

Education 307-11Non-tax Committees and Tax

Expenditures 328-30Tax Expenditures and Budget

ProcessTax Reform Act

of 1976 300-06Sunset Legislation 330-35

Lists-1979Agreement on Provisions Con-

stitutingTax Expenditures 233

1035

BOSTON COLLEGE LAW REVIEW

TAXPAYERS 539TAX POLICY

Budget Act of 1974Definition of Tax Expenditures

Problems with Drafting 230-31Budget Presentation Issues 282-87

Current Issues in BudgetPresentation 282-83'

Cash Seller under the UniformCommercial Code 375-95

Characterization of a Sale asCash, Conditional, or CreditSale 372

Conditional Sale at CommonLaw 371

Intent of Parties as Determining

Reduction in More Than OneTax Expenditure 285

Reduction in Specific Tax Ex-penditure 285

Tax Penalties 286Existing Budget Practices 283-86

Phase-out of Tax

Cash or Credit Sale 371Presumptions as Determining

when Tide Passes 371Third Parties as Affecting

Seller's Right at CommonLaw to Reclaim Goods 373-74

Waiver as Affecting Seller's Right

Expenditure 284-85 to Reclaim Goods 372-73

Treatment of Refundable 1-103 384, 394-95

Credits 283-84 1-201(32) 386

TAX REDUCTION ACT OF 1975 1-201(33) 38650% Liability Difficult to justify 267 1-207 702-03, 707-09

TAX REDUCTION AND SIMPLIFICATION 2-313 705

ACT OF 1977 233 2-401(1) 390

Lack of Refundable Investment 2-403 375-76, 385, 393-94

Credit 268 2-403(1) 385-88, 394, 395, 397

Unknowing Sanction of a Taxable 2-403(4) 389, 395

Tax Credit 273 3-405(I)(c) 689

TAX REFORM 2-506 391

Failure of Wealthy Individuals to 2-507 383

Pay Effective Rates 254-56 2-507(2) 375, 380-85, 388,

TAX REFORM ACT OF 1976 390-94, 397-99

Goal of Tax Reform Legislation 2-511(3) 375, 380-82, 384-85,

Targeted Amount of Reduction 390-94, 397-99

in Tax Expenditures 227-28 2-606 704

Kennedy Testimony before Fi- 2-615 696-97

nance Committee 268 2-702 392-93Limitations on Tax Expenditures 2-702(2) 381-84, 388, 391-

Anti-boycott Policy 244 92, 397-99, 407

Revised List of Tax Expenditures § 2-702(3) 388, 392-93

under Act - Appendix C 269 § 2-703 391, 702

Tax Credit Substituted for Exemp- § 2-703(c) 708

tion in Wealth Transfer § 2-704 708-09

Taxes 263 § 2-705 391TORTS § 2-706 391

Immunity for Government § 2-71] 391

Officials 575-600 § 9-113 391

TRUSTEE IN BANKRUPTCY § 9-301(1)(5) 388, 391, 394

Cash Seller 395-408 UNITED STATES CODEUNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE 15 U.S.C. § 15 439-55

Cash Seller under 370-409 15 U.S.C. § 77 844-47

Rights against Good Faith 15 U.S.C. § 77j(b) 845

Purchaser for Value 385 15 U.S.G. § 77g(a) 844-45Credit Seller 15 U.S.C. § 78m(b)(2) 852, 860

Right to Reclaim Goods, If 15 U.S.C. § 78n(a) 844, 848, 849

Unpaid 380-81 15 U.S.C.

Sales § 78n(e) 844, 848, 853, 854

"Bad Check" Sales 375 15 U.S.C. § 78r(a) 844, 857

Cash Sales at 18 U.S.C. § 1464 975-1002

Common Law 370-74 28 U.S.C. § 2106 944

1036

'TOPICAL INDEX

28 § 3731 92942 § 1983 577, 582, 592

UNITED STATES CoNsTrruTioNFirst Amendment — Freedom ()I'

SpeechCorporate Speech 1003-24Municipal Speech 1021-24Political Campaign

Finance 1003-24Fifth Amendment

Double jeopardy Clause 925WAGNER ACT OF 1935 27, 59WELFARE REFORM LEGISLATION

Affect on Tax ExpendituresLists 233-34

WuNur:Rut- i AcT 693, 694

I037

BOSTON COLLEGELAW REVIEW

VOLUME XX

1978-1979

NEWTON CENTRE, MASSACHUSETTS

1979

BOSTON COLLEGELAW REVIEW

VOLUME XX

BOARD OF EDITORS

THOMAS H. HANNICAN, JR,

Editor-in-Chief

GINA B. KENNEDY

CYNTHIA L. SHUPE

Executive Editor

Executive EditorTHOMAS F. DAILEY

JAMES R. CONDO

Executive Editor

Managing EditorDAVID A. SLACTER

BETSY J. WALTERS

Topics and Articles

Solicitations andEditor

Symposium EditorWILLIAM B. SIMMONS, JR. HOWARD S. ROSENBLUM

Citations and Articles

Citations and ArticlesEditor

Editor

Articles Editors

Articles EditorsBRIAN W. BLAESSER

Jo ELLEN OJEDA

MARGARET A. BROWN

JAMES B. Ross

MARGUERITE A. CONAN

THERESA W. RYAN

LEE GESMER

DAVID L. SINAK

MICHAEL M. HOGAN

LEONARD M. SINGER

J. WLLIAM KOEGEL, JR. BRANDON F. WHITE

BENJAMIN S. WOLF

PAUL J. BARBADORO

JEFFREY P. BUHRMAN

KATHLEEN C. CALDWELL

ARTHUR A. CHAYKIN

MARY E. CORBETT

LAURENCE J. DONOGHUE

JEANIE M. DUNCAN

TRENHOLME J. GRIFFIN

JOSEPH L. HERN

BLAKE HORN ICK

CONSTANCE S. HUTTNER

SECOND YEAR STAFF

JASON WILEY KENT

RICHARD K. LAVIN

SUSAN M. LEONARD

JOHN T. LILLIS

SAMUEL E. MARCELLINO, JR.

ANN-ELLEN MARCUS

JEFFREY R. MARTIN

KEITH H. MCCOWN

RICHARD C. McLAucility

ROBERT C. MENDELSON

ROBERT M. MENDILL0

DAVID J. OLIVEIRA

MICHAEL J. OWENS

ROBERT J. POMERENE

JAMES R. REPETTI

MICHAEL B. ROITMAN

JOHN J. ST. ANDRE, JR.

MICHAEL F. SAUNDERS

JOHN A. SIRICO

STEPHEN J. WESTHEIMER

STEVEN A. WILCOX

NANCY R. WitsKER

CHARLES C. WOLF

FACULTY ADVISOR

PAUL R. MCDANIEL

ROSALIND KAPLAN MICHELLE CALORE

Administrative Assistant Secretary

TABLE OF CONTENTS TO VOLUME XX

TITLE INDEX TO CONTRIBUTED ARTICLES

APPLYING HOC-WELDER IN COMMODITY FRAUD CASES 663APPROPRIATE BARGAINING UNITS IN HEALTH CARE INSTITUTIONS: AN

ANALYSIS OF CONGRESSIONAL INTENT AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION BY

THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD. 867CHANGES IN THE BONDING OF THE EMPLOYMENT RELATIONSHIP: AN ESSAY

ON THE NEW PROPERTY 457CORPORATE MISMANAGEMENT AND THE FEDERAL SECURITIES ACTS' ANTI-

FRAUD PROVISIONS: A FAMILIAR PATH WITH SOME NEW DETOURS ..... 819ESTATE PLANNING FOR OWNERS OF CLOSELY HELD CORPORATIONS: A

CRITICAL VIEW OF CODE SECTIONS 303, 6166, AND 6166A 648LABOR LAW REFORM: A LABOR PERSPECTIVE 27LABOR LAW REFORM: A MANAGEMENT PERSPECTIVE 4SECTION 7 OF THE CLAYTON ACT: AN OVERVIEW OF JUDICIAL RESPONSES

TO RECENT FEDERAL ENFORCEMENT EFFORTS 485THE TAX EXPENDITURE CONCEPT: CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS AND EMERG-

ING ISSUES 225THE CASH SELLER UNDER THE UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE 370

AUTHOR INDEX TO CONTRIBUTED ARTICLES

Bredhoff, Elliot, LABOR LAW REFORM: A LABOR PERSPECTIVE 27Bum pass, T. Merritt, APPROPRIATE BARGAINING UNITS IN HEALTH CARE

INSTITUTIONS: AN ANALYSIS OF CONGRESSIONAL INTENT AND ITS IM-

PLEMENTATION BY THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD 867Curran, Richard E., Jr., ESTATE PLANNING FOR OWNERS OF CLOSELY HELD

CORPORATIONS: A CRITICAL OVERVIEW OF CODE SECTIONS 303, 6166,AND 6166A 648

Glendon, Mary Ann & Lev, Edward R., CHANGES IN THE BONDING OF THE

EMPLOYMENT RELATIONSHIP: AN ESSAY ON THE NEW PROPERTY 457Hazen, Thomas L., CORPORATE MISMANAGEMENT AND THE FEDERAL SE-

CURITIES ACTS ANTIFRAUD PROVISIONS: A FAMILIAR PATH WITH SOME

NEW DETOURS 819Johnson, Philip F., APPLYING HOCHFELDER IN COMMODITY FRAUD CASES 633Kramer, Andrew M., LABOR LAW REFORM: A MANAGEMENT PERSPECTIVE 4Laurenza, Paul M., SECTION 7 OF THE CLAYTON ACT: AN OVERVIEW OF

JUDICIAL RESPONSES TO RECENT FEDERAL ENFORCEMENT EFFORTS 485Mann, Richard A. & Phillips, Michael J., THE CASH SELLER UNDER THE

UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE 370Surrey, Stanley S. & McDaniel, Paul R., THE TAX EXPENDITURE CONCEPT:

CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS AND EMERGING ISSUES 225

ANNUAL SURVEY OF LABOR RELATIONS AND EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATIONLAW, 1977-1978 63

NOTES

Application of the Attorney-Client Privilege to Corporations: New Di-rections and a Proposed Solution 953

Double Jeopardy: When Is an Acquittal an Acquittal 925Federal Contract Common Law and Article 2 of the Uniform Commer-

cial Code: A Working Relationship 680Taxpayers and the Civil Rights Attorney's Fees Awards Act of 1976 539Unfit For Jury Determination: Complex Civil Litigation and the Seventh

Amendment Right of Trial by Jury 51

CASENOTES

Application of the Fairness Doctrine to Ordinary Product Advertise-ments: National Citizens Committee for Broadcasting v. FCC 425

Broadcasting Seven Dirty Words: FCC v. Pacifica Foundation 975Constitutional Law—First Amendment—Corporate Free Speech: First

National Bank of Boston v. Bellotti 1003Consumer Standing Under Section 4 of the Clayton Act: Reiter v

Sonotone Corp. 439Foreign Sovereigns as Private Antitrust Plaintiffs: Pfizer, Inc. v. Govern-

ment of India 411Identifying Class Members in Stockholder Class Actions: Oppenheimer

Fund, Inc. v. Sanders 617Nonexcessive Remissions of Foreign Excise Taxes Under Section

1303(a) of the Trade Act of 1974: Zenith v. United States 760Proper Standard for Enforcing an Internal Revenue Service Section

702 Summons: United States v. LaSalle National Bank 741Qualified Immunity for Executive Officials for Constitutional Violations:

Butz v. Economou 575Rule of Reason, Per Se Rule, and Professional Groups: National Society of

Professional Engineers v. United States 716Search and Seizure of a Third-Party Newspaper: Zurcher, Chief of Police

of Palo Alto v. Stanford Daily 783State Court Jurisdiction Over Trespassory Union Picketing: Sears,

Roebuck & Co. v. San Diego County District Council of Carpenters 558Treatment of Cash Distributions to Shareholders Pursuant to a Corpo-

rate Reorganization: Shimberg v. United States 601

CUMULATIVE INDEX-VOLUME XX

Case Index 1025Topical Index 1030

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BOSTON COLLEGEINTERNATIONAL AND COMPARATIVE

LAW REVIEW

VOLUME 3, No. 1

DECEMBER, 1979

ARTICLES

TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER RULES IN LATIN AMERICA:

A STUDY IN COMPARATIVE LAW William Sprague Barnes

FORMULATION OF GOVERNMENT FINANCIAL REGULATIONS AND

INCENTIVES FOR FOREIGN PRIVATE DIRECT INVESTMENT:

A METHODOLOGICAL INQUIRY Thomas B. Trumpy

THE UNITED STATES STATUS OF FORCES AGREEMENT WITH THE

REPUBLIC OF C HINA: SOME CRIMINAL CASE STUDIES Hungdah Chiu

A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ENGLISH SOURCES ON THE CRIMINAL

PROCESS IN THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA Eugene L. Shapiro

NOTES AND COMMENTS

THE LEGALITY OF AN INDEPENDENT QUEBEC: CANADIAN

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW AND SELF-DETERMINATION IN

INTERNATIONAL LAW

PFIZER, INC. V. GOVERNMENT OF INDIA: AN IRRECONCILABLE

INTERPRETATION OF SECTION 4 OF THE CLAYTON ACT AS APPLIED

TO FOREIGN SOVEREIGNS

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE BRITISH STATE IMMUNITY

ACT OF 1978

RECENT DEVELOPMENT

ANTIDUMPING PROCEDURES UNDER THE 1979 TRADE ACT

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