INDEX OF COMPANIES

A

ABB Group, 374 ADAC Laboratories, 413, 422 AEG (Germany), 343 Allegheny Ludlum Corporation,

25,29 Amdahl,325 American Society for Mechanical Engineers

(ASME),84 American Society for Testing and Materials

(ATSM),84 American Standards Association (A SA), 84,

85 Andersen Windows, 280, 284 Anderson Consulting, 201 APICS, 59, 62 Apple Computer Inc., 156, 157,

323 Applied Material Inc., 156, 158 Applied Services Corp., 156 AT&T Networks Systems, 146, 148 AVO Inc., 156

427

B

BAAN Company NV, 9, 59 Bally Engineered Structure, 146, 276, 280 Bausch & Lomb, 231 Baxter International, 374 Bell Lab, 85 Bell Telephone Laboratories, 77 Ben & Jerry Ice Cream, 408 Bennetton, 325 BMW, 374 Boeing 777 airplanes, 157, 163,231,246,

269 British Airways, 374

c

Canon, 266 Caterpillar, 70, 77 Chrysler, 146, 156,246 Coca-Cola, 231, 284 Colgate, 231

428 Index of Companies

Compaq Computer Corp, 284 Computer Design, Inc. (CDI), 152 C-TAD Systems, 162 Cummings Engine, 246 Custom Clothing Technology Corporation,

284

D

Daihatsu Motors, 399 Daimler-Benz, 349, 374 Daimler Chrysler, 12 Dana Commercial Credit Corporation, 70, 423 DARPA,162 Dell Computer Corp, 276 Della Steam Plant, 215 Deutsche Aerospace, 349 Digital Equipment Corporation, 325 Duriron Company Inc., 199

E

EDS (Electronic Data Systems Corp), 152 Electro, 36, 41 Eli-Lilly and Co., 374

F

Fashion Institute if Technology, 152 Ford, 9, 12, 47, 55, 56, 69, 70, 71, 81,

89, 90, 146, 246 Fuji-Xerox, 231

G

GE Fanuc, 146, 149,284 General Electric Company, 70, 72, 123,

284 General Motors, 9,12, 25, 28, 175,246,

276,325 General Motors-Nummi Plant, 70 Gillette Co, 284 Graphic Enterprises, 81, 90 GVa, Inc, 158

H

Hallmark/American Greetings, 280 Harley-Davidson Motor Company,

67, 174 Heineken, 231 Hershey Foods Corp, 36, 41 Hewlett-Packard, 70, 75,231, 246,

284,361 Hitachi Seiki, 25 Home Depot, 334, 336 Honda Motor Co Ltd, 231, 246, 266 Honda's Motorcycle Division, 123 Honeywell Microswitch Corp., 146

I

IBM, 36, 41,70,73,117, 123, 127, 128, 130, 157, 158, 159, 284

Ikea, 231, 280 Ingersoll Milling Machine Co., 123 Intel Corporation, 156, 158,325

J J.D. Edwards, Inc, 59 Japanese Institute if Plant Engineers aIPE),

188 Japanese Institute if Plant Maintenance aIPM),

188 John Crane Limited, 25, 29 John Deere Capital Corp, 146,

156, 162

Kawasaki, 167 Kodak,374

K

Komatsu, 70, 77, 399 KPMG,409

L

Lutron Electronics Co., 280, 284

M

Marcam Solutions, 59 Marks and Spencer, 325 Marriott, 231 Mars, 146, 231 Matsushita, 146 Matsushita Appliance Company,

156, 162 Matsushita Bicycle Company, 284 Matsushita Electric Works, 399 Mazda, 56 McDonalds, 231 McDonnell Douglas Aircraft Company, 117,

132, 156, 159, 163 Mercedes-Benz, 8, 284, 399, 400 Metro bank, 163 MIT, 110 Motorola, 70, 73, 78, 79, 156, 157,231,

240, 280, 284

N

Nashua Corporation, 81, 88 National Bicycle, 280 National Center for Manufacturing Sciences,

152 National Institute oj Standards and Technology

(NIST),79 National Insurance, 408 National Science Foundation (USA), 5, 138,

145 Nissan, 284 Northern Telecom, 374 Numerical Control, 110 NUMMI Plant, 25, 28, 74, 167, 175

o Olympus Optical Company, 399

p

Packard Electric, 23 Panasonic-Sharp, 146,399

Index of Companies 429

Peapod Inc, 280 People Soft Inc, 9, 59 Pizza Hut, 231 Polaroid, 231 Proctor and Gamble, 336

R

R.R. Donnelley FarmJournal, 280

Reebok,284 Renault, 361, 364 Ross controls, 275, 280 Ryan Transport Management Systems,

81,90

Samsung, 361 SAp, 9 Solectron, 422 Sony, 156,374

s

Space Electronics, Inc., 284 Stanford University, 85 Subway, 231 Sunstrand Corporation, 110, 111

T

Taco Bell, 47 TC2 , 152, 153 Telco, India, 284 Telepad Inc., 156, 158 Temic Telifunken, 343 Texas Instruments, 47 Textile / clothing Technology Corporation,

152 Thomson Consumer Electronics, 246 Toyo Ink., 361 Toyota, 25, 28, 56, 70, 74, 175,263,266,

268, 284, 325, 399, 400 Toyota production system, 178 Toys-R-Us, 334, 336 TWA Getaway, 280 Tyco, 231

430 Index of Companies

u

US. Air Force, 110, 156 US. Department of Difense, 72, 85 US. Postal Service, 424 UBC systems, 395 UCAR Composites, 156, 163 US Air Force MANTECH, 162 USCAR,146

w

Wal-Mart, 156, 162,325,334,336 War Department, 81

War Production Board, 81, 85 Western Electric, 84 westinghouse Electronic Systems, 297, 348

x

Xerox Corporation, 36, 41, 70, 73, 74,91

y

Yamaha, 246 Yokohama Corporation, 399

GENERAL INDEX

14 Points of Deming, 84 3M,372 5 S5 (Seiri, Seiton, Seiketsu, Seiso, Shitsuke),

184

A

ABB Group, 374 ABC (Activity Based Costing), 8, 41, 44,

385,397 Activity-Based Management (ABM), 388 ADAC Laboratories, 413, 422 Ad-Hoc teams, 96, 97, 105 AEG (Germany), 343 Aero Tech Services Corp., 156, 159 Aero- Tech Services Group, 163 Aggregate Manufocturing Flexibility, 125 Agile customer-supplier relationships, 161

manufacturing, 10, 66, 145 Manufacturing Institutes, 145 Web,157

Allegheny Ludlum Corporation, 25, 29 Allocating Unrelated costs, 390

431

Amdahl,325 American Society for lvfechanical Engineers

(ASME),84 American Society for Testing and Materials

(ATSM),84 American Standards Association (A SA),

84,85 Andersen Windows, 280, 284 Anderson Consulting, 201 APICS, 59, 62 Apple Computer Inc., 156, 157,325 Applied Material Inc., 156, 158 Applied Services Corp., 156 Armed services, 85 Army Ordnance, 81, 85 Art!ficial Intelligence (AI), 113, 114 Assemble-to-order, 287 Assignable causes, 86 Assignable causes of variation, 86, 91 AT&T Networks Systems, 146, 148 Automated Drilling Systems (ADS), 132

Control, 113 Guided vehicles, 112 Materials handling, 114

432 General Index

Automation, 110 Autonomation, 181 Autonomous work teams, 97, 98, 104, 105 AVO Inc., 156

B

BAAN Company NT{ 9, 59 Balanced Scorecards, 407 Baldridge Award Evaluation Process, 419 Baldridge Award Scoring System, 419 Bally Engineered Structure, 146 Bausch & Lomb, 231 Baxter International, 372 Bell Lab, 85 Bell Telephone Laboratories, 77 Ben & Jerry Ice Cream, 406 Benchmarking, 51, 56, 79, 80 Bemifits of teams, 102 Bennetton, 325 Bill of Materials (BaM), 66 Bill-of-material (BaM) co~ient, 290 Black and Decker Company, 284, 343, 347 Blueprint receivers, 365 BMW, 374 Boeing 777 airplanes, 157, 163,231,246,

269 British Airways, 374 Bus modularity, 277 Business Process Reengineering, 47 Business Process Reengineering and

Manufacturing, 66 Business strategy, 18 Business-to-Business, 11

c CAD, 115, 117, 118, 123, 138, 148, 149,

160 CAD/CAM, 163 CAE,149 CAM, 115, 117, 118, 138 Canon, 266 Capadty Planning, 66 Capadty Requirements Panning (CRP), 62

Caterpillar, 70, 77 Cell Manufacturing, 199, 208 Cellular manufacturing, 202, 207 Champy, James, 50 China, 6 Chrysler, 146, 156, 244 CIMPLICITY, 149 Closed-Loop planning, 62, 66 Coca-Cola, 231, 284 Colgate, 231 Common Causes, 86, 91 Communication, 99 Company Wide Quality Control (CWQC),

73,74 Compaq Computer Corp, 284 Competing through Integration, 66 Competitive Priorities, 30

Strategy, 24 Value of manufacturing flexibility, 120

Component sharing modularity, 277 Computer Design, Inc. (CDI), 152 Computer numerical controlled (CNC), 112,

115, 118, 123, 138 Computer simulation, 53 Computerized integration, 128 Concu"ent Engineering, 106, 245 Confusing Profit Margins, 395 Consultative Teams, 97, 103, 105 Content of Manufacturing Strategy, 24 Continuous Flow Manufacturing, 104, 178

Improvement, 88, 90 Improvement and Learning, 415

Contract electronic manufacturer/assembler (CEM/A),12

Contributor plants, 362 Control chart, 80, 84, 86, 185 Conventional machine tools, 112 Conveyance kanban (C-kanban), 169 Core Competendes, 25, 26

Manufacturing Competencies, 24, 25, 28

Processes of the Firm, 56 Core-product approach, 236 Corporate strategy, 18 Cost assigned to Objects, 386

distortions, 390 gap, 402

objects, 387, 392 pools based on Activities, 386

Cost-based pricing, 400 Costing, 7, 203 Country-tailored policy, 234 Crossjunctional teams, 254 C- TAD Systems, 162 Cummings Engine, 246 Custom Clothing Technology Corporation,

284 Customer and Market Focus, 418

Involvement, 290 Satisfaction, 37, 38, 44 Service, 37, 38 Success, 38, 44

Customer's success Factors, 39 Customer-delight-at-any-cost, 36 Customer-driven quality, 414 Customer-Order Decoupling Point (CODP),

291 Customers if choice, 44 Customer-satiifaction strategies, 38 Customer-success initiatives, 35

Strategies, 35 Cut-to-fit modularity, 277 Cycle Time, 80, 140, 147

D

Daihatsu Motors, 399 Daimler-Benz, 348, 374 Daimler Chrysler, 12 Dana Commercial Credit Corporation, 70, 423 DARPA,162 Dedicated Systems, 121 Defense Advanced Research Agency (DARPA),

145 Defense Modeling and Simulation Office

(DMSO),162 Delivery reliability, 22 Dell Computer Corp, 275 Della Steam Plant, 215 Demand uncertainty, 294 Deming Prizejor Quality, 80, 85, 91 Deming Prize in Japan, 414 Deming, W Edwards, 84

General Index 433

Deming's 14 Points Approach, 87, 91 Deming's Approach/philosophy, 85 Design, 6

activity overlapping, 266 and Engineering Flexibility, 135 concurrency, 249 for Customization, 242 for Localization, 242 for Manufacturing, 80 structure matrix, 265, 266

Design-build team, 251 Designjor-manujacturability, 246 Deutsche Aerospace, 348 Develop-to-order, 287 Dijferentiation, 19, 24 Digital Equipment Corporation, 325 Direct numerical control (DNC), 111 Distinctive Capabilities, 39 Duriron Company Inc., 199

E-business, 3, 10, 11 E-commerce, 11

E

Economic justification, 127 Economic justification oj flexibility, 135 EDS (Electronic Data Systems Corp), 152 Ejuifillment, 11 Electro, 36, 41 Electronic data interchange (EDI), 12, 40,

148, 159 Eli-Lilly and Co., 374 Employee empowerment, 80, 203

Involvement, 79 Empowerment, 203 Enablers oj change, 51, 56 Engineering change orders, 271 Engineer-to-order, 287 Enterprise Requirement Planning (ERP), 48,

56,59, 64 Environmental Issues, 9, 373 Environmental management systems (EMS), 9 ERP systems, 9, 41, 59, 148 Erroneous Allocation Bases, 391 Erroneous Burden Rates, 391 European quality Award, 75

434 General Index

Expectation theory, 44 Export, 5

Factory focus, 19

F

Fashion Institute of Technology, 152 Feingenbaum, A. V, 72 Fishbone Diagram, 73, 185 Fixed Automation, 110 Flexibility, 19, 110

in automated line, 126, 135 in automation, 124 in design and manufacturing, 124, 126,

135 in manufacturing, 115, 124, 126, 135 Types, 135

Flexible automation, 109, 135 customization, 112 machining systems, 114 systems, 121

Flow of Kanban cards, 170 FMS, 115, 123, 138 Focused factory, 19 Ford, 9, 12, 47, 55, 56, 69, 70, 71, 81, 89,

90, 146, 244 Ford, Henry, 71, 168 Fuji-Xerox, 231 Functionally-oriented organization, 48

G

Gap Analysis, 20 GE Fanuc, 146, 149,284 General Agreement of Tariffs and Trade

(GATT),232 General Electric Company, 70, 72, 123, 284 General Motor's Geo Prizm, 74 General Motors, 9, 12, 25, 28, 175, 246,

275,325 General Motors-Nummi Plant, 70 Generally Accepted Accounting Principles

(GAAP),386 Generic Strategies, 30 Gilleue Co, 284

Global common denominator, 234 Graphic Enterprises, 81, 90 Gravity feed chutes, 112 Greenspan, Alan, 4 GVa, Inc., 158

H

Hallmark/American Greetings, 280 Hammer, Michael, 50 Hard technologies, 4, 118 Harley-Davidson Motor Company, 67, 174 Heavy weight structure, 270 Heineken, 231 Hershey Foods Corp, 36, 41 Hewlett-Packard, 70, 75, 231, 246, 284, 361 High volume production, 126 Histogram, 185 Hitachi Seiki, 25 Home Depot, 334, 336 Honda Motor Co Ltd, 231, 246, 266 Honda's Motorcycle Division, 123 Honeywell Microswitch Corp., 146 Hong Kong, 6 Horizontal websites, 11 Hoshin, 76 Hoshin-Kanri, 75, 80

I

IBM, 36, 41, 70, 73, 117, 123, 127, 128, 130, 157, 158, 159,284

Ikea, 231, 280 Implementation of manufacturing strategy, 22 Independent trading exchanges, 11 Infrastructure, 24 Infrastructure flexibility, 131, 135 Ingersoll Milling Machine Co., 123 Integrated plants, 365 Integrated product development, 246, 297, 301 Intel Corporation, 156, 158,325 International Manufacturing, 24, 361 Internet, 10 Inventory turns, 140, 142 Ishikawa, 73

ISO 14000, 375, 376 ISO 14001, 9 ISO 9000, 9, 75, 76, 80, 91,

211, 373 Isolated plants, 365

J JD. Edwards, Inc, 59 japanese Institute of Plant Engineers aIPE),

188 japanese Institute of Plant Maintenance

arPM), 188 japanese Manufocturers, 109 JIT, 3, 138, 142, 167, 170, 178, 189 ]IT delivery, 171 ]ITII, 336 john Crane Limited, 25, 29 john Deere Capital Corp, 146, 156, 162 john Deere Harvester Works, 149 juran,joseph M., 73 just-in-time arT) production, 74

Manufacturing, 7, 8, 117, 118, 80, 91, 131, 135, 167

production, 131

K

Kaizen, 73, 77, 80 Kanban, 169, 170 Kanban pull system, 178, 184 Kawasaki, 167 Kodak, 374 Komatsu, 70, 77, 399 KPMG,409

Labor Productivity, 4 LAN, 138, 141, 142 Large plants, 143

L

Laser cutting machine, 152 Layout, 208 Lead plants, 362

General Index 435

Leadership, 75, 101,418 Leadership Through Quality, 91 Lean Manufocturing, 80, 91, 177 Lean Production, 6, 178, 183 Lego, 231, 280, 284 Levi-Strauss, 231, 275, 284 Lexmark, 123, 128 Lightweight structure, 270 Line assembly, 104 Linked cells, 180 Linked-cells manufacturing system (L-CMS),

178 Lawer control limits, 86 Lutron Electronics Co., 280, 284

Magazine, 112 Make-to-order, 287 Make-to-stock, 287 Malaysia, 6

M

Malcolm Baldridge National Quality Award, 413

Manufacturing cells, 19, 115, 138, 202 competencies, 27 cost, 139 cycle-time, 139 Flexibility, 30, 115, 117 Flexibility types, 120 infrastructure, 26 a bj ectives, 30 outcomes, 26, 27, 30 overhead, 387 Resource Planning (II), 48, 59, 60, 62,

63, 66 Strategy, 17, 18,26,30,115 Strategy Development Process, 24 strategy formulation, 20 strategy process, 20 Technologies, 4, 27 Technology in the U.S., 135, 137

MAPICS, 59 Marcam Solutions, 59 Marks and Spencer, 325 Marriott, 231 Mars, 146, 231

436 General Index

Mass Customization, 7, 112, 115,275 pure customization, 277 standard customization, 280 tailored customization, 280

Master Production Schedule (MPS), 60, 61,62

Material Requirement Planning (MRP), 48, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 66

Matrix organization, 318 Matsushita, 146 Matsushita Appliance Company, 156, 162 Matsushita Bicycle Company, 284 Matsushita Electric l1-0rks, 399 Mazda, 56 McDonalds, 231 McDonnell Douglas Aircraft Company, 117,

132, 156, 159, 163 Mercedes-Benz, 8, 284, 399, 400, 408 Metro bank, 163 Mid-volume production, 127 Military sampling inspection, 85 Mistake-proofing, 80 MIT, 110 Mix modularity, 277 Model T, 71 Modified product policy, 235 Modular approach, 236

architecture, 265 Modularity, 265, 275 Montreal Protocol, 375 Motorola, 70, 73, 78, 79, 156, 157,231,

240, 280, 284 MRP, 138 MRP adaptation to lIT, 172, 174 MRP II, 138 Multifunctional teams, 246 Multi:fUnctional workers, 171

N

Nashua Corporation, 81, 88 National Association cif Manufacturers (USA),

5,138 National Bicycle, 280 National Center for Manufacturing Sciences,

152

National Institute cif Standards and Technology (NIST),79

National Insurance, 408 National Science Foundation (USA), 5, 138,

145 Natural variability, 86, 91 NC controller, 111 NC machine centers, 111 New product development, 246 New product launch, 354 Newport News Shipbuilding, 70 Nissan, 284 Northern Telecom, 374 Numerical Control, 110 NUMMI Plant, 25, 28, 74, 167, 175

o Offshore plants, 362 Olympus Optical Company, 399 One-piece flow, 178 Optifiax, 149 Order fu!fillment, 11 Order promising, 294 Outpost plants, 362 Owner-operator, 131

p

Packard Electric, 23 Panasonic-Sharp, 146, 399 Pareto Chart, 185 Peapod Inc, 280 People soft Inc, 9, 59 Performance Excellence: The Malcom Baldridge

National Quality Award Criteria, 44, 74 Performance measurement and reward, 20 Performance measures, 7 Pizza Hut, 231 Plan, Do, Check, Act (PDCA), 78, 80 Plant location decisions, 364 Poka-Yoke, 78, 80 Polaroid, 231 Policy Deployment (PD), 75, 80 Pollution abatement, 377

Pollution prevention, 377 Precision Screening Machine (PSM), 152 Predictive Maintenance, 218 Preferred supplier, 44 Premium prototype, 234 Prevention Emphasis, 70 Preventive maintenance, 169, 180, 188,

218 Price-based cost planning, 402 Price-based costing, 400 Pride of Workmanship, 87 Printed circuit boards (PCBs), 113 Problem solving teams, 98 Process effectiveness, 54, 56

efficiency, 54, 56 Flexibility, 11 0, 135 Management, 418 mapping, 52, 56 of developing manufacturing strategy,

21 Proctor and Gamble, 334 Product architecture, 264

concurrency, 249 design, 231 development cycle, 106,263,401 extension, 234 line, 139 proliferation, 44 variety, 290

Production kanban (P-kanban), 169 Production planning and control, 294 Productive maintenance, 188 Productivity, 3, 4 Program management team, 251 Programmable systems, 121 Project phase concurrency, 249 Pull System, 80, 169 Pure customization, 277 Push system, 169

Q

QS 9000, 75, 76, 80, 91 Quality assurance, 91, 318

circles, 90, 96, 98, 103 control, 73, 353

General Index 437

Function Deployment (QFD), 76, 77, 80,252,315,402

of Work Life Initiatives, 97, 105 of work life (QWLI), 103, 104

Quick response manufacturing, 10

R

R.R. Donnelley FarmJournal, 280 Rapid Exchange of Tooling and Dies (RETD),

178 Rate-based production, 170 Reactive maintenance, 188 Reconfigurable Manufocturing Systems (RMSs),

115 Reebok,284 Reengineering, 50 Rejection and rework, 140 Renault, 361, 364 Repetitive master schedule, 170 Responsiveness, 54 Return on Investment, 5, 139 Rewards, 101 Robotic arc welding system, 162 Robots, 138 Ross controls, 275, 280 Run Chart, 185 Ryan Transport Management Systems, 81, 90

s S. Korea, 6 Sales per employee, 140 Samsung, 361 SAp, 9 Scatter Diagram, 185 Sectional modularity, 277 Self-directed work teams, 79, 97, 98, 105 Server plants, 362 Service orientation, 44 Setup Reduction, 179 Setup time reduction, 169 Seven tools of quality, 184 Shewhart, Walter, 77, 84 Shingo, Shiego, 78

438 General Index

Sign-tic, 280 Simultaneous Engineering, 77, 246 Singapore, 6

Single-Minute Exchange of Dies (SMED), 169, 178

Six sigma, 78, 79, 80 Skilled use of technology, 140 Skinner, Wickham, 18 Small glOUp problem solving, 171 Small plants, 143 Soft technologies, 4, 118, 142 Solectron, 422 Sony, 156, 374 Source plants, 362 Soviet Union, 72 Space Electronics, Inc., 284 Special cause variability, 86, 91 SQC techniques, 7, 85 Standardized customization, 277 Stanford University, 85 Statistical control, 86 Statistical Process Control (SPC), 77, 80, 91 Statistical Quality Control (SQC), 86, 91, 7,

118, 138, 142 Strategic breakpoint, 36

business units, 6 cost management, 389 partnerships, 350 planning, 418 thinking, 6

Subway, 231 Sunstrand Corporation, 110, 111 Supplier management, 171 Supplier partnership as strategy, 24 Supplier partnerships, 325 Suppliers, 208 Supply chain integration, 336 Supply chain management, 7, 66, 333 Supply partner, 343, 356 System of profound Knowledge, 84

Taco Bell, 47 Taguchi Method, 78 Taguchi, G, 78

T

Tailored customization, 277 Taiwan, 6 Target costing, 399 Target price, 400 Target profit, 405 Taylor, Fredrick, 84 TC2, 152, 153 Team-based performance, 101 Teams, 95 Telco, India, 284 Telepad Inc., 156, 158 Temic Telifunken, 343 Texas Instruments, 47, 246 Textile / clothing Technology Corporation, 152 Thailand, 6 The Implications of Deming's Approach, 44 The strategic role of manufacturing flexibility,

119 Theory of variation, 88 Thomson Consumer Electronics, 246 Time concurrence, 266 Time function maps, 55 Timeliness, 19, 54 Total Productive Maintenance (TPM), 80, 91,

187, 188, 189 Total Quality Control (TQC), 73 Total Quality Management (TQM), 7, 8,

44,69,69,73,91, 118, 142,167, 189,424

Toyo Ink., 361 Toyota, 25, 28, 56, 70, 74, 175, 263, 266,

267, 284, 325, 399, 400 Toyota production system, 178 Toys-R-Us, 334, 336 TPM Program, 191 TPM training, 191 Trade-Offs inflexibility, 131, 135 Traditional cost model, 386 Training, 206 Training methods, 143 Trident Precision Manufacturing, 413, 424 Trust, 99 TWA Getaway, 280 Tyco, 231 Type 1 Flexibility, 122, 124 Type 2 Flexibility, 122, 124, 127 Type 3 Flexibility, 122, 124, 127

Type 4 Flexibility, 127 Type of teams, 96

u

U.S. Air Force, 110, 156 u.s. Department of Defense, 72, 85 U. S. manufacturing technology, 137 U.S. Postal Service, 424 UBC systems, 395 UCAR Composites, 156, 163 Unexplained market barriers, 395 Union of]apanese Scientists and Engineers

(V]SE),85 Unit-based costing, 386 Universal product policy, 233 Upper control limits, 86 US Air Force MANTECH, 162 USCAR,146 USCAR Consortium, 156 U-shaped Celis, 178

v

Value Engineering, 402 Value-added activities, 52, 56

analysis, 54 networks (VAN), 12

Variability in Manufacturing, 91 Variation, 86 Vertical B2B trade communities, 11 Vertical Integration, 19 Virtual CAD, 162 Virtual Manufacturing, 11,66, 155 Visual Management, 184

General Index 439

w

Wal-Mart, 156, 162, 325, 334, 336 War Department, 81 War Production Board, 81, 85 Western Electric, 84 Westinghouse Electronic Systems, 297, 348 What-if analysis, 63 Mere to use teams, 103 rVhite House Conference on Productivity,

414 Work teams, 95 Workforce Training, 141 Work-In-Process (WIP), 181 Workmanship, 86 World Class Manufacturing (WCM),

178, 189 Warld Trade Organization (WTO), 232 140rld War II, 84, 85 140rld-class firms, 336

manufacturer, 200

x Xerox Corporation, 36, 41, 70, 73, 74,91

y

Yamaha, 246 Yokohama Corporation, 399

z Zero inventory production, 178