INDEXSr. No. Title Author Subject Page No.

1 The Balanced Scorecard: As A Performance Measurement System

Dr. Vinod K. Ramani Accountancy 1-2

2 Corporate Mergers and Acquisitions: Legal, Accounting and Strategic Issues

Mira J. Bhanderi Accountancy 3-4

3 Morphometric analysis of the Sisi river basin, North-East India and some geo-environmental implications

Dr. Uttam Goswami Applied Geology

5-6

4 Careful Evaluation of CARE’s Performance Dr. Bheemanagouda Commerce 7-8

5 Advertisements on Passenger Cars - An Innovative Idea for Outdoor Advertising

Dr. Sangapa Rampure Commerce 9-10

6 Knowledge Management And Knowledge Process Outsourcing

Dr.Santos Singh Bais Commerce 11-13

7 A Study on Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, Using Sms Marketing as a Tool

Dr.S P. Mathiraj, Mr Anil B. Malali

Commerce 14-16

8 Economic Value Added Dr. Kishor V. Bhesaniya Commerce 17-20

9 CHALLENGES IN COMMERCE DUE TO GLOBALIZATION

Mr. T. Kalimuthu, Dr. R. Ganapathi

Commerce 21-23

10 Estimating Reliability of Component Based Software Using Artificial Neural Network

Mr. Harish Rathod , Mr. Mahesh Parmar, Miss. Rekha Teraiya

Computer Science

24-26

11 Foreign Direct Investment (Fdi), Special Economic Zones (Sezs) And Economic Developments In India: An Empirical Study

M. Marimuthu Economics 27-29

12 Environmental Impact On Agriculture: WTO And Indian Economic Reforms

Dr.Shivasharanappa Dhaba

Economics 30-31

13 Study of regional rural water supply scheme-Kutch Niketa Patel Economics 32-34

14 An Overview of Indian economy of Unemployment in Depression

Dr. Dilip Arjune, Dr. Pawar Ashok S.

Economics 35-37

15 Kendriya Aarthsankalp 2011-12 and 2012-13 ke Tulnatmak Adhayan

Dr. Pawar Ashok S., Dr. Sunita J. Rathod, Shri. Budhwant R.G.

Economics 38-42

16 ADEPTS: Innovative Self-Evaluation Technique for Teachers

Dr. Pawar Ashok S., Dr. Vishal Tayade,Dr. Sunita Rathod

Economics 43-44

17 Bharatiya thet parikiy gunvantkiye dhoran Dr. Pawar Ashok S. Economics 45-48

18 European Euro Sankat and Vyaparchakrache Jagtik Parinam

Dr. Pawar Ashok S., Dr. Sunita J. Rathod, Umare Vilas Devchand

Economics 49-52

19 Higher Education in India: An Appraisal Dr. Sukhwinder Singh jolly

Education 53-56

20 An Investigation on test Anxiety In L2 Learners S. Gandhimathi , Dr. R. Ganesan

Education 57-58

21 Organizational Commitment and Self esteem of Faculty Members of Secondary Level Teacher Training Programme in Mysore

Mr. Moslem Cherabin, Dr. Praveena K. B.

Education 59-61

22 Comparative Analysis on Various Coded Cooperaative Networks

Pallavi Ingle Electronics and Communication

62-64

23 Effect of Plasma Arc Cutting Speed-voltage On the Unevenness of Hardox-400 Material

A. A. Darji, S. P. Patel, J.V.Desai

Engineering 65-67

24 Design and Simulation of High Speed,Low power Preamplifier Based CMOS Comparator

Gireeja Amin Engineering 68-70

25 Analysis of box culvert considering soil structure interaction

M.G. Kalyanshetti,S.V. Malkhare

Engineering 71-74

26 Soil erosion & Advance Techniques of Soil Conservation Manish Gujarati,Prof. H. M. Gandhi

Engineering 75-77

27 Cotton Crop Performance and Economics under Drip Irrigation at Various Water Application Levels

Jignesh. A. Shah Engineering 78-80

28 Cotton Crop Response to Thermal Regimes under Surface Irrigation at Stress Free Water Application Level

Jignesh A.Shah Engineering 81-82

29 Simulation of Line and Phase Voltages of Inverter Using Switching Function Concept

Prachi M. Palpankar, A.Y.Fadnis

Engineering 83-85

30 Microgrid : A Planning Based on Renewable Sources In Amravati District

Shweta. L. Tiwari, Dr.R.M. Moharil

Engineering 86-89

31 “Phenomenological Modeling of Four Stroke Compression Ignition Engine Processes”

V. M. Makwana Engineering 90-94

32 Designing Aspects of Cryogenic Attachment For Uv/Visible Spectrophotomer

Yagnesh B. Chauhan, Hardik B. Patel, J.M.Patel, Dr. U.S.Joshi

Engineering 95-98

33 Comparison Of Conventional 60/70 grade of Bitumen with CRMB60 for Roads

Zala Kartik S., Mandowara Nirajkumar P., Prof. C.B.Mishra, Dr. F.S.Umrigar

Engineering 99-100

34 Modelling And Analysis of Faults In Wind Based Doubly-Fed Induction Generator

K. Keerthi Deepika,A. Srinivasa Rao

Engineering 101-104

35 Multipoint Hand Gesture Recognition Using Robotic Arm Control

Nishant Madhukar Labhane, Prashant Harsh, Meghan Kulkarni

Engineering 105-107

36 Assessment of Sediment Distribution Hiral Shah, N. N. Borad, R. K. Jain

Engineering 108-111

37 Review and Analysis of Drought Monitoring and Management

Patel Jaydeepkumar J., Prof. G.V.Dihora

Engineering 112-114

38 Flow Forecasting of Tapi River At Mandvi Station By ANN Gajjar Kamleshkumar Hasmukhbhai,Prof. H.M.Gandhi

Engineering 115-118

39 Implementation of Digital Watermarking by Combined Transform Domain Algorithm for Copyright Authentication using Matlab

Raval Keta J., Mrs. Sameena Zafar

Engineering 119-121

40 Use of Rubber Dam In Tapi River Front Development At Surat City

Sagar D Patel, Kiran R.Shah, PROF.R.B.Khasiya

Engineering 122-124

41 Mahatma Gandhi's Ultimate to the Globalization Dr. Ashok Shankarrao Pawar

Engineering 125-129

42 Determination of Reservoir Operating Rules for A Single Reservoir - A case study (March 2012)

J.C.Solanki,B. K.P.Sthar, C. Prof.A.T.Motiai

Engineering 130-132

43 Flow Equation For Elliptical Weir Jigar H. Gamit Engineering 133-135

44 Reducing the Effect of Flood through River Training Work on Shedhi River at Khumarvada Village of Kheda District, Gujarat

Suthar Kandarp kumar P. , Solanki Jitendrasinh C.

Engineering 136-138

45 Case Studies in Community Initiated Rainwater Harvesting Dr Mahalaxmi Krishnan Environment 139-140

46 Impact of Human Activities on Mangroves Ecosystem Arvind A. Dhond Environment 141-143

47 Equator Principles an Innovative Tool for Environmental and Social Sustainability

Ashok R. Bantwa Finance 144-146

48 Investor Activism – The Icahn Effect Ch. Chaitanya Finance 147-149

49 Dividend policy – A fundamental signal Krunal K Bhuva, Dr. Vijay Vyas

Finance 150-151

50 Infrastructure Creation And Utilisation In Railways Mrs. K. Revathi,Dr. R. Ganapathi

General Management

152-154

51 Impact of Environmental Parameters on the Worker’s Work Capacity Involved in Organized Poultry Farm

Tulika Srivastava,Dr. Aditi Vats

Home Science 155-156

52 Impact of Electronic Communication Media on Consumers Sandhya Rani,Dr. Chhaya Shukla

Home Science 157-159

53 A Study On Employee’s Performance Appraisal With Reference To Mitsubishi Heavy Industry Tools Limited.

S.Ragothaman, D.Yuvaraj, S.Sridhar

Human Resource Management

160-162

54 Roles of the Expatriate Kapil Dev Upadhyay, Dr. (Prof.) Vijay Kumar Soni

Human Resource Management

163-164

55 English in Multicultural Society of Asia Bhaveshkumar Rana Literature 165-167

56 Need to Reform General English Syllabus at UG Level in the Affiliate Colleges of the University of Jammu: An Experimental Study

Dr. Wajahat Hussain Literature 168-169

57 A Study On Employee Retention for Sustaining the Talented Employees in Health Care Industry in a Private Multi-Speciality Organization

Dr C Swarnalatha,TS Prasanna

Management 170-172

58 Present Status Of Women Self Hep Groups In Tamilnadu M.Gurusamy, P.Uma Maheswari, C.Sangeetha

Management 173-175

59 Volatility In Indian Stock Markets Mr. Santanu Kumar Das

Management 176-180

60 Women Entrepreneurs: Role, Development and Contribution in Indian Economy

Siddharth Raval, Yupal Shukla

Management 181-182

61 Talent Management: A Bird Eye View Kalaspathi Vishwakarma

Management 183-184

62 Efficient Positioning For Sustained Leadership Ms.Asha Anotny , Ms.S.Anbu Selvi

Management 185-188

63 “An Imperical Study on Women’s Approach Towards Equity Market”

Ritesh Hasmukhlal Amarsela

Management 189-193

64 A Study on the Role of Securities Exchange Board of India (SEBI) Towards Insider Trading Practices in Indian Capital Market

V. Arockia Jerold Management 194-197

65 Profitability Of Commercial Banks With Special Reference To Indian Overseas Bank

Ms. R. Gokilavani,Dr. R. Ganapathi

Management 198-200

66 Brand Preference For Mineral Water With Reference To Pollachi

Dr. R. Ganapathi,G. Murali Manokari

Management 201-205

67 “ISO 9000 - Impact of Quality Systems on Business Performance”

Manisha Paliwal Management 206-207

68 Perceived Satisfaction of Mobile Prepaid Users and demographic factors

Dr. J. M. Badiyani Management 208-209

69 STUDY ON NPAs IN SBI WITH REFERENCE TO COIMBATORE

Ms. R. Gokilavani,Dr. R. Ganapathi

Management 210-213

70 Consumer Protection – Issues and Impediments In Rural Areas

Mrs. K. Revathi,Dr. R. Ganapathi

Management 214-216

71 Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction in Telecommunication Companies

Mr. Akshay Arora,Ms. Sujitha R

Management 217-219

72 To Study The Organizational Stress It’s Causes, Effects And Remedies of Private Banks At Bhavnagar Region

Mr. Vimal P. Jagad,Mr Mukesh .C Ajmera

Management 220-222

73 Case Study on Utilisation of ATM - With Reference To Erode Town

R. Gokilavani,Dr. R. Ganapathi

Management 223-226

74 Case Study Method – An Ideal Tool of Learning Mr. T. Kalimuthu,Dr. R. Ganapathi

Management 227-229

75 Ethics & Marketing: A Deep Connection Ashish Nathwani Marketing 230-232

76 The Emerging Role of HR in India Axaybharti N Goswami Marketing 233-234

77 Marketing Of Diamond Jewellery In Coimbatore – An Opinion Survey

Dr. R. Ganapathi, G. Murali Manokari

Marketing 235-237

78 A Study On Customer Satisfaction Towards Cable TV Services With Special Reference To Thirumangalam, Madurai District

K. Navarathinam,S. Anbu selvi

Marketing 238-240

79 Changing Consumer Behavior towards IPL Nirav R. Vyas,Dr. Vijay Vyas

Marketing 241-242

80 Q-Level Subnearring Of Q-Intuitionistic L-Fuzzy Subnearrings

M.M.Shanmugapriya, K.Arjunan

Mathematics 243-246

81 Effect of Selected Yogic, Aerobic Exercises and Combined Yogic and Aerobic Practices on Resting Pulse Rate

Dr. Shivarama Reddy. M , Dr. Manjappa. P

Physical Education

247-250

82 Analysis of Long Jump Performance T.Christopher Nallarasu Dr.V.Mahadevan

Physical Education

251-252

83 Panchayats and Women Self Help Groups: (A Study With Special Reference to Gulbarga District of Karnataka)

Dr. Pralhad Chengte Political Science

253-254

84 The Frustration among T.B.Patients-A Psychological study Dr.Kishor N. Mehta Psychology 255-256

85 Voice Activation Detection Algorithm for Estimating the Noise From Human Speech Signal

Kanu Patel,Sameena Zafar

Science 257-269

86 An Analysis of Changing Socio-Cultural Practices Among The Lambadas Of Andhra Pradesh

Dr. M. Sreedevi Xavier Sociology 260-262

87 Sociology of Art: A Theoretical Exploration Dr. Poonam Gandhi-Moirangthem

Sociology 263-265

88 Dalit Nari : Sthan, Paristithi avam Samsya Dr. H.L. Chavda Sociology 266-269

89 Ansuchit jatiyan me lagan sansthan bhal achal - jilla ahmedabad gujarat rajya ke vanshis sandarbhme

Dr. H.L. Chavda Sociology 270-272

90 Techniques of Steganography and Steganalysis Bhavsar Jaimin H, Imran Khan

Technology 273-276

91 Contributions of Tourism – An Analysis Dr. Bheemanagouda Tourism 277-278

Volume : 1 | Issue : 4 | April 2012 ISSN - 2250-1991

PARIPEX - INDIAN JOURNAL OF RESEARCH X 99

Research Paper

* 15, Mangal Murti Park, Prabha Road, Godhra - 389001

** Manohar Nagar Soc., Outside Ahmedabadi Gate, Opp. Vishvanagar Flat, Nadiad - 387001

***, **** Civil Engineering Department, B.V.M.Engineering College, V V Nagsar - 388120

Keywords : Bitumen, Flexible Pavement, Crumb Rubber

Engineering

Comparison Of Conventional 60/70 grade of Bitumen with CRMB60 for Roads

* Zala Kartik S. ** Mandowara Nirajkumar P.*** Prof. C.B.Mishra **** Dr. F.S.Umrigar

Due to rapid industrialization coupled with high rate of increase of vehicles plying on conventional bituminous high density corridor roads results in failure of flexible pavements affecting the serviceability conditions within the design life of pavements. This calls for enriching the life span of pavement by using Crumb Rubber Modified Bitumen. The paper highlights the comparison of conventional bitumen 60/70 grade and CRMB60 reflecting the economy as well as serviceability condition in the long run.

ABSTRACT

PREAMBLERoad Transport affects our daily lives in its myriad forms. It is the back bone of our country as the economy depends upon it. Before independence transport system was primary developed to provide communications with major ports and large cities. But after independence in order to fit to the devel-opmental needs of the economy rebuilding of road transport network became the thrust area. Hence the capacity needs to be enhanced and road quality has to be improved to cope with the increasing pressure of road traffic. Over the year, the number of personalized vehicles has increased significantly. The number of registered vehicles has recorded a spectacu-lar increase, for private as well as commercial vehicles. The upward trend in the registration of vehicles indicates that while in 1971 the total number of vehicles was 18.65 lakh, the number has gone up to 53.91 lakh in 1981 and to 337.86 lakh in 1996; this further increased by more than two and a half times by the year 2006 (896.18 lakh). The growth over the period 1970-71 to 2006-07 has been 12.37 percent per an-num. The total road length of our nation is 3.5 million km, the second largest in the world. Due to the increasing pressure of road traffic day by day this poses load induced stresses on the roads.

According to several studies the useful life of the bituminous road is about 2-4 years that compels to maintain the roads for the minimum acceptable serviceability standards. Ministry of Road Transport and Highways estimated that they need 2 lakh crores of rupees in coming 10 years to complete the National Highways and to connect them to cities. In order to increase the life span and improve the riding quality while maintaining the economy is a must for a developing nation like ours. All this pronounces the requirement of modified bi-tuminous material for the road network.

II:THEORY OF MODIFIED BITUMEN BINDERSDue to the increasing cost of virgin bituminous material and environmental concerns, usage of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) has drawn a great deal of attention from transportation agencies. The basic need for enhancing the conventional property of the 60/70 grade of bitumen is felt for enriching the durability of flexible pavement and also to

protect the rapid damage of roads. Crumb Rubber (CRMB) is commonly used in pavement engineering. The objective of this research is to investigate the properties (penetration test, softening point, stripping value and elastic recovery) of conventional 60/70 grade of bitumen and ready made mix of CRMB 60 grade.

III:METHODOLOGY ADOPTEDIn this study CRMB60 is utilized to compare with the con-ventional 60/70 grade bitumen. CRMB60 is recommended for hot climate areas. It is added at the rate of 10% by weight of bitumen. The binder is mixed at the temperature of 170°c to 180°c. The stirrer is then started and run for about half an hour so that blend produce is homogeneous. The blend from the refinery needs to be transported in insulated tanks main-tained at 120°c and needs to be utilized for construction within 6 hours after production.

IV:COMPARISON AND ANALYSIS OF CONVENTIONAL BI-TUMEN WITH MODIFIED BITUMENThe bitumen grade 60/70 and CRMB60 obtained from Tikitar industries Halol, Gujarat was tested in the laboratory yielded the following results as shown below:

Table 1 : Results of Laboratory test

Sr no. Property

Bitumen 60/70 grade

Modified bitumen

% Increase or decrease

1 Penetration at 25°c , 0.1mm, 100 gm,5 sec. 63.54 46.44 26.91

2 Softening Point (R&B), °C, Minimum. 46.7 64.7 38.54

3Elastic recovery of half tread in Ductillometer at 15°c, per percent

5 65.80 -

4 Stripping value Traces Nil -The results obtained fully satisfy the specifications as laid down by Indian Roads Congress. High temperatures can soften the bitumen and consequently reduce the stiffness of asphaltic concrete, making the mix more susceptible to rut-ting. On the other hand, low temperature, can increase the

Volume : 1 | Issue : 4 | April 2012 ISSN - 2250-1991

100 X PARIPEX - INDIAN JOURNAL OF RESEARCH

stiffness of bitumen and reduce the flexibility of the asphaltic concrete, inducing fatigue failure as a result, cracking of the pavement surface may develop, which adversely affects the performance of the asphaltic concrete. Thus, high tempera-ture stiffness and low temperature flexibility are important properties in bituminous mixtures respectively to avert rutting and cracking. The use of modified bitumen enhances the sof-tening point which makes it less susceptible to temperature. This results in increase strength at high temperature to bear load. The elastic recovery is also high due to which even at low temperature the resistance to cracking is improved, pre-vents rutting due to excessive load at high temperature and lessens the fatting up of material which improves the skid resistance property of the road surface. Lower penetration value indicates low deformation at high temperature and load. On the other hand the stripping value obtained by the addition of CRMB60 grade is nil which improves the water repellent property.

One of the research paper shows that bitumen grade 60/70 obtained from Mathura Refinery mixed with 10% crumb rub-ber modifier used on a 400m long and 10.5m wide test sec-tion of the ring road between Shantivan and Rajghat, New Delhi showed no sign of pot holes and ravelling even after 15 months of construction. It also conveyed that the mix obtained increases the load carrying capacity to bear more number of standard axle loads thereby increasing life of the pavement also it reduce the wear and tear of vehicles by helping in the smooth performance of the road surface. All this makes the use of modified bitumen highly suitable for tropical country like ours where the temperature at same place can vary from 0°c in winters to 50°c in summers along with two to three months of monsoon season.

V: ECONOMIC VIABILITYOne of the leading scientist and engineer of this field, Prof. P.K. Sikdar, Ex Director Central Road Research Institute (CRRI), New Delhi stated that natural rubber modified binder obtained from Kochi Refineries Ltd (KRL) at rate of Rs.10,500 per tonne which makes it cost effective. Moreover the differ-ence between the cost of rubberized bitumen and ordinary bitumen is only around Rs 1,000 per tonne. If natural rubber is used as an additive to the bitumen for maintaining the roads the cost goes up by 6% initially. But this shoot up gets com-pensated due to the increased life of the surfacing which may be as high as 100%.

Many states in our country produce large quantities of natural rubber. If we could use this rubber for modifying the bitumen then nor only will it improve the road quality and performance but also the prospects of farming community.

VI: ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTSAs the life span of conventional bitumen 60/70 grade is 2 – 4 years and the failures are witnessed at the early stages which causes the high volumes of traffic in the urban areas to show high levels of noise. Exposure to such high level of noise for prolonged periods can produce detrimental effects like stress, reduced efficiency, behavioural changes etc. But if CRMB60 is used then the impacts produced due to the movements of vehicles get reduced which in turn reduces the noise levels up to 50%. According to Ottawa River Institute more than

20 million tires are wasted each year. Rubber tires are ultra violet resistance, ozone resistant, have high strength due to the presence of sulphur. Using the old used tires as additives in the bitumen embed these properties in the bitumen itself. Also the use of old used tyres help in conservation of natural resources. The problem of disposing the old used tires also gets solved because these tires are normally disposed off by burning which pollutes the environment.

VII: SCOPE AND USE OF MODIFIED BITUMEN FOR DIF-FRENT PROJECTS AT THE NATIONAL LEVEL1. National Highways Authority Of India Project – Ministry Of

Road Transport and Highways:

This project is also known as the Golden Quadrilateral. It passes through Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, and Kolkata. It also connects Kashmir to Kanyakumari and Sichar to Porbandar.

2. Various Test Projects in Kerala and Tamil Nadu being car-ried out by Central Road Research Institute (CRRI).

These include Airport-Seaport road, Kollam - Sengkattal road (National Highway No.8) and Trichy Pudkuttal - Ka-ralkudi Road (National Highway No.210).

3. Railway Station Road at Kottayam , Kerala that is 1 km long – At the international level:

International Surfacing Systems and C.H. Mc Donald have developed a procedure for modifying the bitumen by the use of crumb rubber. This technique has been in use in many countries worldwide like Australia, South Africa, Portugal and Korea for the last 30 years.

VIII: CONCLUSIONCrumb rubber cannot be considered a waste material. It is a valuable commodity with ongoing expansion and growth in diversified markets. Its use in asphalt is not making a high-way into a linear landfill. Crumb rubber has proven to be one of the only additives to hot mix asphalt derived from a waste material that has a beneficial impact and actually improves performance. Some conclusions from studying this market may include:

1. Crumb rubber production is an environmentally economi-cal sound method of waste tire reduction,

2. Asphalt Rubber has proven long term performance, cost effectiveness, and sustainable market growth, and

3. Asphalt Rubber paving programs are key components to acceptable and successful waste tire management programs.

All options must be considered to reduce the build up of waste tires. It is far better to remove tires from the waste stream, regardless of disposal method, than to allow the continua-tion of uncontrollable and disastrous waste tire stockpile fires throughout the world. Without question, the emissions from equipment and facilities that process waste tires will always be lower than the emissions from a waste tire fire burning out of control.

REFERENCES

1. Annual Report , Central Road Research Institute (CRRI new Delhi)-2002 - 2003 2. Is :1203 – 1978 Determination of Penetration Value. 3. Is :1205 – 1978 Determination of Softening Point. 4. Is : 15462 – 2004 Determination of Elastic Recovery. 5. MINISTRY OF RURAL ROADS Quality Assurance Handbook for Rural Roads. Volume – May 2007 National Rural Roads Development Agency. 6. Shukla R.S and Singh K.P “Polymer Modified Bitumen For Construction Of Heavy Traffic Density Corridors” – Journal Indian Highways April 2003, Indian Roads Congress, New Delhi.

Volume : 1 | Issue : 4 | April 2012 ISSN - 2250-1991

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