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SOLARGE: ENLARGING SOLAR THERMAL SYSTEMS IN MULTI-FAMILY HOUSES, HOTELS, PUBLIC AND
SOCIAL BUILDINGS IN EUROPE
- SOUND SYSTEM SOLUTIONS FOR MULTI-FAMILY HOUSES -
CIERTA 2006, Almeria, 7 October 2006
Ronald Voskens
Ecofys S.L.
[email protected]. +34 93 3909075
Index
•Introduction
•SOLARGE
•Market MFH
•Typology
•Conclusions, Recommendations
•To conclude
Econcern
The sustainable energy knowledge and
innovation company
The sustainable energy solution provider
The sustainable energy
project developer
The sustainable energysystem supplier
The sustainableenergy innovation
entrepreneur
Palm towers, Netherlands
CO2 neutral offices Murcia, Spain
14 MW PV plant
Scira, UK
315 MW offshore wind farm
Wave rotor
Econcern Offices•2 offices en
Canada
•Office en China
•Spain:
•Ecofys/Ecostream
– Barcelona– Madrid– Sevilla– Murcia
•> 450 personas
SOLARGE project (1/3)
• SOLARGE;
– Enlarging Solar Thermal Systems in Multi-Family-Houses, Public and Social Buildings in Europe
• January 2005 – December 2007
• 7 countries: Germany, France, Netherlands, Italy, Denmark, Slovenia, Spain
• 11 partners: in Spain Ecofys with support of Ecostream
• www.solarge.org
SOLARGE: objectives (2/3)
• SOLARGE is a European co-operation project to open up markets for large solar thermal plants, (>30m2) for multi-family buildings (MFH), hotels, public and social buildings
– Analysis of existing projects and identification of market obstacles and opportunities
– Identifying factors for success concerning technology, project development and realisation
– Information and sensitisation of target groups in Europe
– Compilation and communication of European good practice projects and solutions
– Support for national and European energy policies
– Development of proposals to improve existing political framework conditions for CSTS applications
– Europe-wide dissemination of results
SOLARGE: realisation (3/3)
• Training and further education measures for the supply side e.g. manufacturers and architects
• Events concerning the above subjects in the partner countries
• Compilation of well-documented best practice projects
• Interviews with plant operators, manufacturers and investors
• Information campaign for investors
• Support for municipalities and decision makers
• Positioning the issue at events and conferences
• Provision of information material via internet
• EU-wide dissemination of the project results: interactive project web-site, market studies, good practice project database: see www.solarge.org
MFH Market
•Total market 30 mlj. dwellings
•40% of the total dwellings
•New production
– Spain 400.000– France
130.000
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Denm
ark
Germ
any
Neth
erlands
Fra
nce
Slo
venia
Italy
Spain
Cypru
sNum
ber
of M
FH
sto
ck x
10^6
(dw
ellings)
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
1,2
Annual n
ew
MF
H x
10^6
(dw
ellings)
# MFH stock Annual new MFH
MFH Solar thermal Market
•645 MWth total annual market
– 12% total installed– 375 GWh– 163 Mton CO2
•350 MWth Spain
•150 MWth France
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Den
mar
k
Ger
man
y
Net
herla
nds
Fra
nce
Slo
veni
a
Italy
Spa
in
Cyp
rus
(MW
th)
Total annualpotential MFH
Total installedcapacity
3.922
CTE HE-4: Minimum solar contribution hot water preparation
•5 climate zones
• If hot water consumption >50l/day
Non-electrical back-up heating
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0
5,0
00
10
,00
0
15
,00
0
20
,00
0
25
,00
0
Hot water use (l/day, 60º)
So
lar
fra
ctio
n (
%)
Zona V
Zona I V
Zona I I I
Zona I I
Zona I
Electrical (joule effect) back-up heating
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0
5,0
00
10
,00
0
Hot water use (l/day, 60º)
Sola
r fr
act
ion
(%
)
Zona I I I , IV, VZona I IZona I
Solar powered hot water system1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9
Basic system configurations
Solar storage Back-up heater Collector
Central De-central
Central De-central
Num Remark
De-central* X X 1 Single family houses, apartments buildings up to 2 or 3 storeys
X X 2 Large central systems (e.g. hotels)
X X 3 Large systems for multi-family buildings Central*
X X 4 Large systems for multi-family buildings
*De-central on dwelling level
*Central on string or building level
System analyses
•Technical issues
– Suitability– System performance– Heat losses– Complexity & reliability
•Non-technical issues
– Investment costs– Exploitation & invoicing– Maintenance
Type: DDD (1/6)
•Single family and multi-family houses
– Advantages: • Individual systems
– Disadvantages: •Limited storeys•Heat losses•Multiple components
Type: CCC (2/6)
•Central system for hotels, MFH, etc)
– Advantages: •Simple and cheap•Small heat losses
tank– Disadvantages:
•High heat losses recirculation pipes
•Exploitation and maintenance
Type: CCD (3/6)
•Semi central system for MFH
– Advantages: •Simple and cheap•Small heat losses tank
– Disadvantages: •High heat losses
recirculation pipes, les than CCC
•Exploitation and maintenance
Type: CDD.1 (4/6)
•Semi de-central system for MFH; parallel
– Advantages: •Small heat losses pipes•No additional invoicing
– Disadvantages: •1 control•Complicated hydraulic
system, adjustments
Type: CDD.2 (5/6)
•Semi de-central system for MFH; parallel
– Advantages: •Small heat losses pipes•No additional invoicing•Optimal use collector
– Disadvantages: •Multiple components•More expensive
Type: CDD.3 (6/6)
•Semi de-central system for MFH; series
– Advantages: •Small heat losses pipes•No additional invoicing•Simple hydraulic
system•Less expensive
– Disadvantages: •Solar heat exchange
between dwellings
Conclusion and recommendations
•Solar thermal systems for MFH sector is a promising target market (350 kWth ~0,9 million m2 per year)
•Spain and France represent 55% of this market
•Lots of system configuration are applied in this market, with all have advantages and disadvantages
•Bottom line: apply sound solutions that last for > 20 years without technical problems and a minimum of maintenance
•How? Apply simple and solid configurations, meaning:
– As few as possible (moving) parts– Avoid complex hydraulic solutions
•Do they exist? …. Yes!
To conclude
New generation solar thermal systemICS: Integrated collector storage
Principle (1/2)
transversal section
Principle (2/2)
longitudinal section
Advantages
•Collector and tank (stainless steel) one and the same component
•No space required inside dwelling
•Better costs/benefits balance
•Easy to install, no maintenance
•No pump, no pump control, no additional pump energy, no heat exchanger
•No anti-freeze liquids required
•Double protection against overheating and freezing
•Applicable in single and multi family houses (in different configurations)
Thank you for your attention!
•And lets develop the MFH market in a sustainable and sound way
Ronald VoskensEcofys S.L.
www.ecofys.es
[email protected]. +34 93 3909075
See also:www.solarge.orgwww.ecostream.es