Independent Monitor’s Assessment Report · of Syria and the region" conferences held in Brussels...

Agulhas Applied Knowledge

ThispublicationwasproducedwiththefinancialsupportoftheEuropeanUnion.ItscontentsarethesoleresponsibilityofAgulhasAppliedKnowledgeanddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsoftheEuropeanUnion.

IndependentMonitor’sAssessment

ReportJordanCompactandBrussels

meetings

ReportNumber1(Firstquarter2019)Final:7March2019

www.agulhas.co.uk

JordanCompactandBrusselsMeetingsAssessmentReport 2

Contents

Foreword................................................................................................................................3

ExecutiveSummary.................................................................................................................4

1. Introduction.....................................................................................................................7

2. OverviewoftheSyriacrisisinJordan...............................................................................8

3. Theindependentmonitoringprocess...............................................................................8

4. Overallassessment..........................................................................................................9

5. Implementationofcommitments..................................................................................10

5.1 Economic-Livelihoods....................................................................................................10

5.2 Economic-TradeandInvestment..................................................................................14

5.3 Social-Education............................................................................................................17

5.4 Social-Health..................................................................................................................20

5.5 Social-SocialProtection.................................................................................................22

5.6 Protection........................................................................................................................24

5.7 Partnership-Financialsupport.......................................................................................26

5.8 Partnership-Aidqualityandeffectiveness....................................................................28

6. Wayforward..................................................................................................................30


Foreword

ThisreportpresentstheIndependentMonitor’sAssessmentbeingundertakenbyAgulhasAppliedKnowledgeofthecommitmentsmadebytheGovernmentofJordanandtheInternationalCommunityundertheJordanCompactandatsubsequentBrusselsmeetingsin2017and2018.ThisisanarrativereportonprogresstodateagainsttheindicatorsintheMonitoringandAssessmentFramework,whichshouldbereadinconjunctionwiththisreport,supplementedbyqualitativeassessmentsbytheIndependentMonitor.

Thereportassessesperformanceagainstcommitmentsmadeandalsoagainsttheoutcomesthatthesecommitmentswereintendedtoproduce.FurtherassessmentreportswillbeproducedinAugustandDecember2019.

Thereportincludesanoverviewoffindingsandrecommendationsandanassessmentofprogress.ItfollowsthesamestructureastheMonitoringandAssessmentFramework:

• Economic― Livelihoods― Tradeandinvestment

• Social

― Education― Health― SocialProtection

• Protection

• Partnership

― Financialsupport(humanitarian,budgetandprogramme)― Aidqualityandeffectiveness

TheAgulhasMonitoringteamconsistsofPeterGrant(teamleader),BryonGillespie,LinaAbuNuwar,GiuliadiPorciaandNourKabatilo.


ExecutiveSummary

TheJordanCompactandsubsequentBrusselsmeetingshavecreatedauniqueinternationalco-operationagreementbetweentheGovernmentofJordan(GoJ)andtheInternationalCommunity(IC).ThisinnovativeandeffectiveapproachhasenabledJordantocontinueprovidingaglobalpublicgoodbyhostingSyrianrefugeesinpeaceandsecuritywithaccesstobasicservicesandsomeeconomicopportunities.Eightyearsintothecrisis,thereare671,551SyrianrefugeesinJordanregisteredwithUNHCR1.TheJordanResponsePlanhasprovidedaframeworkforsupporttohostcommunitiesalongsiderefugees.Donorshaveprovidedhighlevelsoffinancialsupport.TheseachievementshavetakenplaceduringachallengingperiodfortheJordanianeconomy,whichpre-datesthecrisisbuthasalsobeenexacerbatedbyit,includingbytheclosureofborderswithtwoofJordan’smainexportmarkets,SyriaandIraq;majorfiscalconsolidationlinkedtoIMFprogrammes;disruptionstothesupplyofEgyptiangas,whichpowered90%ofJordan’selectricity;slowgrowthwithintheglobaleconomyandtheimpactofregionalinstabilityoninvestmentandexports.ThecommitmentsbybothGoJandICundertheJordanCompactandinsubsequentBrusselsmeetingsrecognisedtheconsiderableburdenassumedbyJordaninhostingSyrianrefugeesandthedirectandindirectcoststhisimposesonitseconomy.TheCompactidentifiedthatSyrianrefugeesalsohavethepotentialtocontributetoJordan’seconomicgrowth.GoJagreedtoreformlabourmarketstoremovebarrierstoSyriansaccessingworkandtoprovidebasicservicesforSyrianrefugees.Inreturn,ICpromisedfinancialsupportintheformofgrantsandconcessionaryfinancingtosupportJordan’smacroeconomicframework,hostcommunitiesandSyrianrefugees.ImprovedaccesstoEUmarketsforJordanianexporters,coupledwithreformstothebusinessenvironmentandinvestment,wereexpectedtodeliverhundredsofthousandsofjobsandimprovedwellbeingforbothSyrianrefugeesandJordanians,andtomakeapositivecontributiontotheJordanianeconomy.

Whathasgonewell?

TheCompactandsubsequentBrusselsmeetingshavebeenasuccessfulpartnershipbetweenGoJandICbasedonreciprocalcommitments.TheCompacthassucceededinincreasinginternationalfinancialassistanceforJordantomeetpartofthecostofhostingSyrianrefugeesandtosupportthedirectprovisionofessentialservicesforthem.IncreasedfinancinghashelpedJordantoaddressthepressureonitsnationalresources,whilenotfullymeetingtheneedsoraspirationsofGoJ.GoJhasundertakenarangeofreformsoflabourmarketsandthebusinessenvironmentthathavebenefittedbothSyrianrefugeesandtheJordanianeconomy.

1UNHCRSyriaRegionalResponse:Jordan(OnlineData)


MostSyrianrefugeeshavebeenregisteredandissuedwithMinistryofInterior(MoI)cards,includingthroughaspecialregularisationscheme.LabourmarketliberalisationhasgivenSyrianrefugeesgreateraccesstowork,particularlyintheagriculture,manufacturingandconstructionsectors,despiteincreasedpressureinthelabourmarketforJordanians.ExtensivecashtransfershavebeenprovidedtorefugeesbyIC.Veryhighlevelsofschoolenrolmentforprimary-ageSyrianchildrenhavebeenachieved.TheEUandJordansigned,andhavesinceexpanded,anagreementtosimplifyrulesoforiginforJordanianexportstotheEUmarket.IChasfoundnewwaystoprovideconcessionalsupporttoJordan.GoJhascontinuedtheprocessoffiscalconsolidationandregulatoryreformlinkedtoIMFprogrammesandincloseconsultationwithIC.

Wherecouldthingshavebeenbetter?

GrowthinJordanhasbeenabout2%peryearoverthepastthreeyears,andunemploymentisabout18%.ResultsofimprovedtradeaccesstoEUmarketshavebeendisappointing,whichisevidentfromlowlevelsofadditionalexportsandjobscreatedforbothSyriansandJordanians.FinancialsupportfromICfellslightlyin2018,withincreasesinhumanitarianandbudgetsupportcategories,butasubstantialreductioninresiliencefundingtobenefitJordanianhostcommunities.Foreigninvestmenthasremainedflatsince2015andfallenin2018.TherearecontinuingbarrierstoemploymentofSyrians,especiallyinskilledoccupations.ThelabourmarketischaracterisedbyhighlevelsofinformalityanddecliningworkingconditionsinsomesectorsforbothSyriansandJordanians2.Labourmarketparticipationratesforwomenareverylow,inpartlinkedtosocialnorms.Changesinpolicy,drivenbyfiscalconstraints,haveraisedcostsandreducedaccesstohealthservicesforSyrianrefugeesoverthepastyear.Educationaloutcomesremainlowbyinternationalstandardsandtherearehighdropoutratesabove15yearsold.

Finally,theCompactandsubsequentBrusselsmeetingshavenotgivenadequateattentiontosomeimportantareas.Jordanranksverylowonglobalgenderindicesandtherehasbeenverylittleattentiongiventodisability.TherearesignificantconcernsaboutviolenceagainstwomeninJordanandchildmarriageamongstSyrianrefugees.Thereislimiteddialogueonprotectionissues.Importantdataisoftennotavailableorisunreliable,anddifferentsourcesofdataarenotconsistent.

Beneficiaryfeedback

ArangeofbeneficiaryconsultationexerciseswereundertakenbothinsideandoutsiderefugeecampsinadvanceoftheBrusselsIIImeeting.Thefocusofthesebeneficiarysessionswastoidentifyareasofconcern,gapsinserviceprovisionandchallengesexperiencedbyJordanianandSyrianparticipants,inordertoadaptandimproveprogramming.Duringthecourseofthe

2Fafo,ThelivingconditionsofSyrianrefugeesinJordan,2019,link


discussions,participantsacknowledgedthesignificanteffortsmadebyGoJandICtoestablishtheirlegalstatusandtoprovideservices,whilehighlightingareasforimprovement.JordaniansexpressedsomeconcernsaboutpreferentialtreatmentofSyrianrefugeesbyIC.RefugeesweregenerallypositiveabouttheconditionstheyhaveexperiencedinJordan,anddidnothaveplanstoreturntoSyriaoverthenextyear.Onlivelihoods,thekeyconcernsthattheyraisedwerethecontinuingsignificantlegalandpracticalbarrierstoobtainingemployment,includingforskilledworkers,andtoestablishingbusinesses.Concernswerealsoraisedaboutthequalityofeducationandthecostsandqualityofhealthcare.ItisintendedtoexpandthesebeneficiaryconsultationswithinvolvementfrombothGoJandICforfutureroundsofmonitoring.

Recommendations

Thereportmakesrecommendationsforfurtheractionundertwomainheadings:

• Measurestoimprovemonitoringandassessmentincludingtargetsetting,astrongfocusonresultsandenhancingdataavailability,consistencyandaccuracy;and

• Measurestohelpachievecommitments,whichwilldrawtogetherexistingplansandcommitmentsintoafuturemonitoringframework,withparticularfocuson:

― Developmentofpolicydialogueandagreedactiontoreachcommitments.

― FurtherdevelopmentofdecentjobopportunitiesforJordaniansandSyrianrefugees.

― Greateremphasisongender,youthanddisabilityissues,includingreformsoftheLabourCodeforwomen’seconomicempowerment.

― ReformsinhealthandeducationtopromoteequitableaccessandqualityservicesforJordaniansandSyrians.

― Enhanceddialogueonprotectionissues.

― SustainablelongtermfundingfromIC,alignedtoGoJprioritiesthatrecognisesthecontinuingpresenceofSyrianrefugeesinJordan.

Althoughthisreportprimarilyfocusesonperformanceoverthepastthreeyears,itisexpectedthattheMonitoringandAssessmentFrameworkwillbeusedforfuturemonitoring.TherewillthereforeneedtobeaprocessforagreeingtargetsforindicatorsintheFramework.


1. IntroductionTheJordanCompactwasadoptedatthe“SupportingSyriaandtheregion”conferenceinLondoninFebruary2016,andwasstrengthenedandexpandedatthe"SupportingthefutureofSyriaandtheregion"conferencesheldinBrusselsandhostedbytheEuropeanUnioninApril2017andApril2018.Itwasanew,holisticapproachagreedbetweentheHashemiteKingdomofJordanandtheInternationalCommunity(IC)todealwiththeSyrianrefugeecrisis.The2015censusestimatedthattherewere1.265millionSyriansresidentinJordan,ofwhom953,289self-identifiedasrefugees3.Thereare671,551SyriansregisteredasrefugeeswithUNHCRasatJanuary2019.TheMinisteroftheInteriorhasissued33,865Syrianswithidentitycardsinacomprehensiveregularisationexerciseoverthepasteighteenmonths.HostingtheSyrianrefugeeshasplacedseverestressonJordan’seconomy,publicservicesandfiscalposition.TheCompactrecognisesboththehumanitariananddevelopmentneedsoftherefugeesandtheheavyburdenforJordanofhostingthem.ThisisrecognisedasaglobalpublicgoodprovidedbyJordanonbehalfoftheinternationalcommunityasawhole.

TheCompactisbeingimplementedinachallengingandevolvingregionalcontext.Jordan'seconomicgrowthhasfallentojustover2%duringthepastthreeyears,downfromanaverageof2.7%between2010and2016.Jordan'stotalforeigndebtreached$35billionin2016,upfrom$19billionin2011,whichwasequivalentto93%ofGDP.TheGovernmentofJordan(GoJ)andICagreethatGoJsupportfortherefugeesandinternationalfinancialassistanceneedtotransitiontoamoresustainablefooting,withmoreuseofcountrysystemsandalonger-termdevelopmentfocus,backedbycontinuinginternationalfinancialsupport.AttheBrusselsIIConference,thepartiesagreedtoencouragethisshiftthroughprocessesthatstrengthennationalcapacities,ownershipandleadership,whilstcontinuingtoprovidehumanitarianandprotectionsupport.

TherehavebeenoveronehundredcommitmentsmadebyGoJandICatthethreeconferences.Theyincludequantitativetargets,process-basedcommitmentsandmutualundertakings,requiringactionbybothGoJandIC.ThenextBrusselsconferencewillbeheldon12-14March2019.ThisIndependentMonitor’sReportreviewsprogressondeliveringthecommitmentsmadeattheseconferences,thedifferencethattheyhavemadeforSyrianandJordaniancommunitiesandthechallengesthathavebeenencountered.

3The2015HouseholdandPopulationCensusestimatedthatthereare1.265millionSyriansresidentinJordanofwhich

953,289identifiedthemselvesasrefugees.


2. OverviewoftheSyriacrisisinJordan4

EightyearsintotheSyriacrisis,morethan5millionSyrianrefugeesarestilllivinginJordanandotherneighbouringcountries.Manyfacegrowingvulnerability,astheirsavings,assetsandresourcesareexhausted.Of671,551registeredrefugeesinJordan,around126,000liveincamps,whiletheremainderhavesettledinurbanandruralareas,primarilyinnortherngovernoratesandinAmman.

TheSyriacrisisoccurredinacontextwhereJordan’seconomylabourmarketandprovisionofsocialserviceswerealreadyunderstrainfollowingthe2008financialcrisisandregionalconflicts.TheSyriacrisishasplacedfurtherstrainonthecountry’seconomyandinfrastructure,puttingpressureonallsectorsincludingeducation,health,housing,water,municipalservicesandelectricitysupply.ItexacerbatedunderlyingchallengesinJordanincludingthequalityofeducation,unemployment,thebusinessenvironmentandtheroleofwomeninsociety.Jordaniansareacutelyawareoftheimpactofthecrisisontheirdailylives,particularlyinhostcommunitieswherethepressuresonlocalservices,naturalresourcesandthelabourmarketarehighest.

Sinceitsonsetin2011,GoJhasestimatedthedirectcostoftheSyriacrisisonJordanat$11billion.ThisissupportedbyWorldBankanalysisin20165,whichputthecostsofhostingSyrianrefugeesinJordanat$2.5billionperyear.Thesefiguresincludethecostsofprovidingeducation,health,waterandotherservicestorefugees,aswellassubsidiesonelectricity,materialsandgoods,inadditiontosecuritycosts.

3. TheindependentmonitoringprocessAttheBrusselsIIConferenceinApril2018,GoJandICagreedto‘identifythebestmodalitytoassessprogressagainstmutualcommitmentsmadeinLondonandBrussels’.ThisreflectsacommitmentintheJordanCompactfor‘co-hostsandotherstoworkwiththeGoJtoputinplace…amechanismforimplementing,communicatingandmonitoringthecommitmentsonbothsides’.

Thenextregionalconferenceisscheduledfor12-14March2019.TheHumanitarianDevelopmentPartnerGroup,representedbyaProjectCo-ordinationTeamconsistingoftheGovernmentofJordan(GoJ),theEuropeanUnion,theUnitedNationsandtheJordanINGOForum,identifiedtheneedforaMonitoringandAssessmentFrameworktobedevelopedinadvanceofthatconference,withanassessmentofprogresstodateagainstprioritycommitmentsandaprocessfortrackingprogressinthefuture.Theyhavetherefore

4JordanResponsePlan,2019,link5WorldBank,QuarterlyEconomicBrief,February2016


commissionedAgulhasAppliedKnowledge,underacontractfundedbytheEuropeanUnion,toreviewthemonitoringdatacurrentlybeinggenerated,workwithstakeholderstodevelopaMonitoringandAssessmentFramework,prepareanindependentmonitoringreportonprogresstodate,andactasanIndependentMonitoronanongoingbasis.

Thepresentreportsummarisestheoutcomeofthefirstphaseofthiswork.AlongsidetheMonitoringandAssessmentFramework,itisintendedtoserveasabasisforcontinuedpolicydialoguebetweentheGoJanditsinternationalpartnersbothat,andfollowing,thisyear'sconference.Thereportconsistsofanoverallassessment,moredetailedassessmentswithineachofthesectorsandaproposedwayforward.Eachoftheassessmentsincludesectionsonwhathasgonewell,wherethingscouldhavebeenbetterand,whererelevant,aselectionofbeneficiaryfeedbackfromtheconsultationexercises.FurtherassessmentreportsbytheIndependentMonitorareplannedforAugustandDecember2019,whichareplannedtoincludeexpandedbeneficiaryexercisesundertakenbyGoJandIC.

4. OverallassessmentTheJordanCompactandsubsequentBrusselsmeetingshavecreatedauniqueinternationalframeworkforco-operationbetweentheGoJandIC.ThisinnovativeandeffectiveapproachhashelpedtoenableJordantohostover650,000SyrianrefugeesregisteredwithUNHCR,inpeaceandsecuritywithaccesstobasicservicesandeconomicopportunities.TheJordanResponsePlanhasprovidedaframeworkforsupporttobegiventohostcommunitiesalongsiderefugees.

TheCompactandsubsequentcommitmentshavebeenreciprocalinnature.Donorshaveprovidedhighlevelsoffinancialsupport,givenJordan’sstatusasaMiddleIncomeCountry,bothtorefugeesandtoresilienceprogrammesforhostcommunitiesimpactedbytherefugeecrisis,atlevelsmoderatelyabovetheaveragefundingresponsetohumanitarianappealsworldwide6.IncreasedfinancinghashelpedtosignificantlyrelievethepressureonJordan’sresources.FinancialsupportfromIChasfallenslightlyin2018,withanotablereductioninresiliencefundingtobenefitJordanianhostcommunities,partlyoffsetbyanincreaseinbudgetsupport.GoJhasundertakenaseriesofreformsthathavebenefittedbothSyrianrefugeesandtheoveralleconomy.MostSyrianrefugeeshavebeenregisteredandissuedwithMinistryofInterior(MoI)cards,includingthroughaspecialregularisationscheme.LabourmarketliberalisationhasgivenSyrianrefugeesgreateraccesstowork,particularlyintheagriculture,manufacturingandconstructionsectors,despiteincreasedpressureinthelabourmarketfor

6TheaverageAppealresponsein2018was60.5%(seedatafromOCHA,2018,link


Jordanians.Economicparticipationratesforwomenremainverylow,however.Veryhighlevelsofschoolenrolmentforprimary-ageSyrianchildrenhavebeenachieved.GoJhascontinuedtheprocessoffiscalconsolidationandregulatoryreformlinkedtoIMFprogrammesandincloseconsultationwiththeWorldBankandinternationaldonors.Outcomesfromtheseactionshavebeenmixed.GrowthinJordanhasbeenabout2%peryearoverthepastthreeyears,andunemploymentisabout18%.ResultsofthesimplifiedrulesoforiginagreementwiththeEUhavebeendisappointing,withlowlevelsofadditionalexportsandjobscreated.Foreigninvestmenthasremainedflatsince2015,andfallenin2018.ThelabourmarketischaracterisedbyhighlevelsofinformalityanddecliningworkingconditionsinsomesectorsforbothSyriansandJordanians7.TherearecontinuingbarrierstoemploymentofSyrians,especiallyinskilledoccupations.Labourmarketparticipationratesforwomenareverylow,inpartlinkedtosocialnorms.Changesinpolicy,drivenbyfiscalconstraints,haveraisedcostsandreducedaccesstohealthservicesforSyrianrefugeesoverthepastyear.EducationaloutcomesremainlowbyinternationalstandardsandtherearehighdropoutratesforSyriansabove15yearsold.TherearesignificantconcernsaboutviolenceagainstwomeninJordanandchildmarriageamongstSyrianrefugees.Thereislimiteddialogueonprotectionissues.Challengesremainindataavailabilityandaccuracyandthereisneedforclearertargetsettingforfuturemonitoring.

5. Implementationofcommitments

5.1 Economic-Livelihoods

Summaryofcommitments

• 200,000jobopportunitiestobeprovidedforSyrianrefugees,subjecttoconditionslaidoutinthedetailedcommitments

• Labourmarketreformtoremove,wherepossible,barrierstoworkingforSyrianrefugeeswithoutcompetingwithJordanians

• ICsupportforlivelihoods,employmentcreationandskillmatchingprogrammes• ICandGoJtosupportwomen’sempowermentandlabourmarketparticipation• PromotinglivelihoodsanddecentworkforJordaniansandSyrianrefugees• Createaclearframeworkfortheestablishmentofbusinessesincludingjoint

ventures



TheJordaneconomyandlabourmarketfacedmanychallengesbefore2011.ThecoreoftheJordanCompactwastherecognitionthattheSyriacrisisalsocreatedanopportunity.GoJwouldundertakelabourmarketreformstopromoteoveralleconomicgrowthandemployment.AccesstoworkopportunitiesforSyrianrefugeeswouldleadtoimprovedincomeandwellbeingforrefugees,andtheireconomicparticipationwouldmakeapositivecontributiontotheJordanianeconomy.ICwouldprovidefinancialsupportbothtoenhanceJordan’smacroeconomicstabilityandtofinancetheneedsofrefugees.

Achievements:Whathasgonewell?

Thecorecommitmentofcreating200,000jobopportunitieshasbeenmonitoredprimarilythroughtheannualnumberofworkpermitsissuedbytheGoJ,whichwas45,649in2018,upfrom36,790in20168.Thisincludedflexibleworkpermitsintheagricultureandconstructionsectors.Thesefiguresoffersomemeasureofjobopportunitiesintheformalsector,buttherecentFafostudy9suggeststhat,forSyrianrefugees,employmentintheinformalsector10isatleasttwicethelevelofformalemployment.TheMinistryofLabourestimatesSyrianemploymentintheinformalsectoratevenhigherlevels11.NewapproachesareneededtogiveamoreaccurateassessmentofjobopportunitiesforSyrianrefugees.FormalisationoflabourisofsomebenefittoSyriansintermsofprotectionandpotentialaccesstohealthandsocialsecuritybenefits.GoJhastakenarangeofmeasurestopromoteengagementinthelabourmarket,including:

― Waivingpermitfees,whichatthetimecouldcostmorethan$500;

― ExcludingSyriansrefugeesfromthe25%reductionofmigrantsundertheNationalEmpowermentandEmploymentProgrammeinthemanufacturingsector;

― Allowingagriculturalandconstructionworkerstoobtainflexiblepermitsthroughthecooperativesandtradeunion;

― Allowingpeopleinsidethecampstoworkoutsidethem;

― Removingsocialsecurityregistrationasaconditionforissuingworkpermits,replacingitwiththelifeinjuriespolicycertificateinconstruction;and

― Allowingshort-termworkpermits(lessthansixmonths).

IChasrespondedwithtechnicalassistancebothatthegovernmentandcommunitylevel.SupporthasbeenprovidedtotheMinistryofLabourinprocessingworkpermitapplications

8MinistryofLabourreport,“SyrianRefugeeUnitWorkPermitProgressReport:July2017”,and“MOPICJordanCompact

SummaryUpdate”,14January2019.9Fafo,ThelivingconditionsofSyrianrefugeesinJordan,2019,link10Ibid11MinistryofLabourinterview,11/2/19


throughadedicatedSyriaCrisisUnit,aswellasthroughtheestablishmentofelevenemploymentcentrestoprovideservicestoSyrianrefugeesandJordanians.TwocentreswerealsoestablishedinAzraqandZa’atarirefugeecamps.DonorfundinghasalsoenabledtrainingandworkopportunitiesforrefugeesandJordanians,includingsupportforemploymentprogrammesthroughskillsdevelopmentandmatchmaking.2,600SyrianandJordanianworkerswereprovidedwithrefreshertrainingandoccupationallicensesintheconstructionsectorand15,000beneficiariesengagedincashforworkincamps.12Insummer2017,GoJdecidedtoallowtheregistrationofjointventuresbetweenSyriansandJordanians.InNovember2018,inrecognitionofthelowtake-upofthatmodel,theGoJchangedtheregulationtoallowSyrian-onlyHomeBasedBusinesses(HBBs)toberegistered.HBBsarewellsuitedtotheemploymentneedsofwomenrefugees,butforSyriansoutsidethecampsthesearelimitedtoonlythreesectorsandmayrequirefurtherlicensingbeforebusinessescanoperate.471HBBshadbeenregisteredasatJune2018,with362oftheseownedbywomen13.Syrianshavenot,asyet,registeredanyHBBs.GoJexpectsthattheimpactofthesechangeswilltaketimeandwilldependonincreasedinvestmentinawarenessraising.


LabourforceparticipationratesforJordanasawholearelow,andremainedlargelyunchangedbetween2014and2018,goingfrom60%to57%formen,andfrom13%to16%forwomen.Syrianparticipationrateshaverisenoverthesameperiodfrom52%to59%formen,andfrom6%to7%forwomen.ThenumberofworkpermitsbeingissuedtoSyrianrefugeesseemstohaveplateaued:45,649wereissuedin2018,againstatargetof90,000agreedwiththeWorldBankundertheProgrammeforResults(P4R),withonly4.5%ofpermitsbeingissuedtowomen14.

ForSyrianrefugeesthereareotherbarrierstoemploymentintheformalsector.SkilledSyriansarenotallowedtopracticetheirprofessionsinclosedoccupationsincludingdoctors,engineersandteachers,becauseoftheavailabilityofskilledJordaniansinsuchoccupations.LimitingtheSyrianworkforcetolow-skillpositionsrepresentsamissedopportunityandfailstoharnesstheexperienceofSyrianrefugees.FurtherreformsareneededtoaddressconstraintsonSyriansworkinginarangeofsectors.

Syrianwomenrefugeesincampsstatethattheyarenotwillingtoworkinfactoryjobsbecauseoflackofaccessibleopportunitiesfordecentwork.Theyhighlightproblemsoflonghours,lowpay,lackofday-careandinadequateandexpensivetransportation.Therearealsostrongsocialnormsandfamilypressuresthatlimitwomen’swillingnessandabilitytoworkoutside

12JordanResponsePlan,2018-2020,p.29,link13PMUJordanJordnCompactUpdate(February2019)14WorldBankimplementationStatusandResultsReport:EconomicOpportunitiesforJordaniansandRefugeesP4R(P159522),

7January2019


thehomeandfamilyenvironment.Workpermitsforwomenhavebeenverylow(varyingbetween4%and8%ofthetotal,althoughthismayhaverisenduringthefirstquarterof2019).15Whilehome-basedbusinessesmayprovidelivelihoods,thecostoflicensing,atJOD300,16aswellasadditionalcostsoftransportationandstartup,couldbeprohibitiveforcompanyowners.Inaddition,refugeeshaveconfirmedthatworkpermitsaresometimesusedforreasonsforotherthanemploymentsuchasmovingfromoneplacetoanother.ManythousandsofSyrianshavebenefitedfrom“CashforWork”programmesinthecamps,butemploymentopportunitiescreatedbydonor-fundedprogrammesdonotofferlong-termsustainableoccupations.Thereareexamplesofhighlevelsoffemaleemploymentincash-for-workschemesinthecamps,buttheseareunusualinthecontextofverylowoverallfemalelabour-marketparticipationrates.Decentworkhasnotbeenachievedinmanyfactorylocations17.ThelabourmarketischaracterisedbyhighlevelsofinformalityanddecliningworkingconditionsinsomesectorsforbothSyriansandJordanians.18SomeSyrianrefugeesaresubjecttoexploitation.Beneficiaryconsultationshighlightedcasesofharassmentandnotbeingpaidasperinitialagreement.VeryfewSyrianrefugeeshaveaccesstosocialsecurity,maternalleave,sickleave,regularworkinghoursanddaycare,andbelievethattheyneedadditionalsupporttouseexistingcomplaintsmechanisms,suchasthroughtheMinistryofLabour,toobtainredressagainstemployers.

BeneficiaryfeedbackonLivelihoods

KeyAchievements:

• TheGovernmentofJordanhasfacilitatedSyrian’saccesstoworkpermits,includingflexibleworkpermitsintheconstructionandagriculturalsectors,andHome-BasedBusinesses,whichhasincreasedtheiropportunitiesforemployment.

• WorkpermitshaveallowedSyriansrefugeeswithincampstoworkoutsidethecamps.

OngoingChallenges:

― Training:Needforbetterneedsassessmentsandlessduplication

― Cashforwork:Employmentopportunitiesdonotofferlong-termwork;therearelimitedopportunitiesforrefugeesover35yearsofage.

15ILOdata(tobeconfirmed)16UNHCRpresentation,January201817See,forexample,SusanRazzaz“Achallengingmarketbecomesmorechallenging”,ILO,2017,link18Fafo,ThelivingconditionsofSyrianrefugeesinJordan,2019,link


― Workpermits:Somerefugeesapplyforworkpermitstoenablethemtomoveinandoutofcamps,ratherthantoaccessformalemployment.

― Exploitation:Refugeesareatriskofexploitationoutsidethecampsandaresometimesnotpaidforjobs.Theyhaveweakaccesstolegalsupport.

― Women:Socialnorms,lackofdaycareandtransportationthemainbarrierstowomenjoiningtheworkforceforbothSyriansandJordanians.

― Home-basedbusinesses:Themainhurdlesarestart-upfunding,accesstotherawmaterialsandmarketingopportunities.

5.2 Economic-TradeandInvestment


• Tariff-freeaccesstoEUmarketsbasedonrevisedRulesofOriginlinkedtoemploymentof15%ofSyriansinfactoriesinSpecialEconomicZones(wholecountrysince2018)

• ICtoprovidetechnicalsupporttoGoJandfirmstotakeadvantageoftheseopportunities

• ICtopromoteincreasedinvestmentandsupportforinvestmentpromotion• Improvedbusinessenvironment,includingpredictableregulatoryframework

throughGoJreforms

TheJordanCompactsetouttocreatemutualbenefitsintheareasoftradeandinvestment.AnarticlebyCollierandBettsin201519hadsuggestedthepotentialforSyrianrefugeestobeemployedinexportindustries,coupledwithenhancedaccesstoEUmarketsforJordanianmanufactures.TheEUundertooktorelaxitsRulesofOriginforJordanianexports,loweringtherequirementforlocalvalue-addedforfirmsinSpecialEconomicZonesemployingatleast15%Syrianrefugees.ItwasexpectedthatthiswouldleadtoasignificantincreaseinexportsforJordantotheEU,moreemploymentforbothSyriansandJordanians,andanenhancedbasisforJordan’sfutureindustrialdevelopmentandexportexpansion.Atthesametime,GoJpromisedtoimprovethebusinessandinvestmentregulatoryenvironment.CombinedwithinvestmentpromotionbybothGoJandtheIC,itwasexpectedthatthiswouldencourageanincreaseinforeignandlocalinvestmentinJordan,potentially

19PaulCollierandAlexanderBetts“HelpRefugeeshelpthemselves”ForeignAffairsNov/Dec2015,link


leadingtoeconomicgrowthandthecreationofhundredsofthousandsofjobopportunitiesforJordaniansandSyrians.


EUcommitmentsonRulesofOriginandtradeaccessweredeliveredin2016,initiallytofirmsinthe18SpecialEconomicZones,andnowcoveringthewholeofJordanfollowingenhancementsin2018.GoJhasmadeprogressinreformingthebusinessenvironment,includingcompetitivenessandinvestmentlaw,ownershipandfiscalreforms.AsofFebruary2019,16companieshaveappliedforregistrationtoexportunderthenewRulesofOriginand13wereapproved.Collectively,thesehaveover1,000employees,28%ofwhomareSyrians.Donorshaveprovidedsupportforcapacitybuildingprogrammesfortheprivatesector,aswellasforthegovernment.GoJhasundertakenbusinessenvironmentreforms,leadingtoanincreaseinJordan’srankingintheDoingBusinessIndexfrom118/190in2016to103/190in2017,althoughthisfellbackslightlyto104/190in2018.GoJhasorganizedtheFirm-LevelAssistanceCoordinationGrouptoaligndonor-fundedandimplementedactivitiesthatprovidedirecttechnicalsupporttoJordan'smanufacturingcommunity.TheIChasundertakenvariousinitiativestopromotetradewith,andinvestmentin,Jordan.ThemostambitiousoftheseistheLondonInitiative,ledbytheUKGovernment,whichwaslaunchedinFebruary2019andhasthepotentialtoenhanceinvestmentandprivatesectorgrowthoveritsprojectedfive-yearlife.


Despitetheseinitiativesandgoodintentions,thetradeandemploymentimpactfromrelaxedRulesofOriginandenhancedEUmarketaccesshasbeenverylimited-1,019totaljobsand281Syrianjobscreatedand€19.2million20inexportssinceJuly2016-inthecontextofthetotalexportsofgoodstotheEUfromJordanof€0.4billionin201721.ThisisbecausetheRulesofOrigininitiativedidnotadequatelytakeintoaccountthelackofinterestofsomeSyrianstoworkinmanufacturing,constraintsonemploymentofSyriansinfactoriesandthecapacityoffirmstomeetthequalityandmarketingstandardsrequiredforexportstoEurope.SeveralfactoriesnotedthedifficultiestheyhadfindingSyrianrefugeestoworkinmanufacturingandmanyindicatedahighturnoverrateamongSyrianrefugees.Refugeesneedbetterincentivestoseekformalemployment,includingflexibleworkhours,transportationandday-carefacilities.ManyJordanianfactoriesareSMEsandfamily-runbusinessesandthecostistoohighforthesebusinessestoscale-upthequalityandquantityofproductionrequiredtobecompetitiveintheEuropeanmarket.ThelatestagreementonRulesofOrigininDecember2018specifiedatargetof60,000activeworkpermits,afterwhichthebenefitsofthescheme

20MOPICreportingFebruary201921Source:ECTradeReport,http://ec.europa.eu/trade/policy/countries-and-regions/countries/jordan/


wouldbeavailabletoallcompaniesinJordan,irrespectiveofSyrianemployment.Thisapproachmaintainsafocusonthefigureforworkpermits,whichisnotanaccuratemeasureofjobopportunities.DespiteeffortstolinkSyrianstoemploymentopportunities,willingrefugeesstillfindithardtofindemploymentinfactories,whilefactoriesfinditdifficulttofindandretainSyrianemployeesandprefertohirecontractmigrantlabour.ForSyrianwomenwhocomefromagriculturalareasofSyria,manufacturingworkisunfamiliar,anditisuncommonforwomentoworkoutsidethehome.WomenhavefounditparticularlydifficulttoworkinSpecialEconomicZones,whichhaveapoorpublicreputationforworkingconditions22.Theymaybenefitfromtheextensionoftheschemetothecountryasawhole,ifthisleadstoopportunitiesfordecentworkthataremoreaccessibletotheirhomes.Finally,timescalesforimpactwereveryoptimistic.Iftheschemeistobesuccessful,donorsupportisneededeithertosupportnewentrantsinthemarket,ortohelpexistingcompaniestomeetqualitystandardsandtodevelopmarketingstrategies.Thisfirm-levelsupportisneededwithinalonger-termperspectiveofatleasttenyears.Variousschemesareunderdevelopmentinthisregardanddonorco-ordinationwillberequiredtopreventprogrammingoverlap.Foreigninvestmentremainslow($1.7billionin2017)andhasnotrisenforthepastthreeyears,exacerbatedbytheregionalpoliticalandeconomicturmoil.Initialdatasuggestslevelsfellin2018.Therearecontinuingweaknessesinthebusinessregulatoryenvironment,whicharenowbeingaddressedunderafive-yearreformplanthattheGoJhasbeendevelopingwithsupportfromtheWorldBank,andwhichprovidesabasisforfuturemonitoringofactions.Overallexportlevelshavealsostagnated,althoughtherehasbeenasmallincreaseinexportstoEurope.Thegarmentssectorhassignificantpotentialforregionalexports,butitisimportanttoconsiderwhetherJordan’scomparativeadvantageliesinmanufacturing.Jordancannotgenerallycompeteoncostformanufacturingandneedstoexplorenicheproducts.TheLondonInitiativehasastrongfocusonservicesectors,whichseemmorelikelytoattractinvestmentandnewjobs.IfthesearetoaddtoemploymentopportunitiesforSyrianrefugees,itwillbeimportanttoensurethatfirmsinthesesectorsofferdecentworkforall,whichisalsoopentoSyrians.



5.3 Social-Education


• IncreasedSyrianenrolmentinformaleducation,withfreepubliceducationprovidedtoatleast140,000Syrianchildrenin2016and190,000attheendof2017.(ThesetargetsoverestimatedthenumberofSyrianchildrenandhavebeenreviseddownwards).

• OpportunitiesforfreecertifiededucationforeverychildtoachievetheambitionofallSyrianchildrenineducation

• Predictable,multiyearfundingandtechnicalsupportfromIC

EducationhasbeenapillaroftheJordanCompactprocessoverthelastthreeyears.ItwasrecognisedearlyonthatprovidinguniversaleducationforSyrianrefugeeswouldrequiresubstantialfinancialsupport.ThisalsoprovidedopportunitiestostrengthentheoverallJordanianeducationsystemforthebenefitofbothJordaniansandSyrians.Theaimwasforenrolmentandqualityofeducationtobeincreased,leadingtoimprovementinskillsandlearningoutcomesofstudentsandimprovedjobopportunitiesforallcommunities.Thiswouldalsorequiremeasurestotackleviolentbehaviourinschools,toreducedropoutlevels,andtoimprovethequalityofeducation.ICalsopromisedinvestmentinschoolfacilitiesandexpansionofinfrastructure(numberofschools)toreduceovercrowdingandimproveaccessandequity.Forindividuals,educationalachievementleadspotentiallytoemploymentopportunitiesandpositiveimpactonthecommunitybydecreasingratesofchildlabourandearlymarriage.


TheEducationStrategicPlanandCommonResultsFramework,whicharebothinlinewiththeHumanResourceDevelopmentStrategy,werepreparedwhichareinclusiveofnotonlySyrianrefugees,butalsoothervulnerableresidentsinhostcommunities.Syrianchildrenhavebeenallowedtoenrolinschool,evenwhentheydonothaveidentification.AsatJune2018,129,809Syrianchildrenwereenrolledinschool,againstatargetof130,00023(99.9%met).Thishasriseninthe2018-19schoolyearto134,12124,anincreaseof3.3%.204doubleshiftschoolsopenedin201825forSyrianpupilstoimproveaccesstoeducation.Incollaborationwithitspartners,theMinistryofEducationlauncheditscatch-upanddropoutprogrammes,whereout-of-schoolstudentscanaccessnon-formaleducation,andwhichserveasapathwaytocertification.40%ofthoseenrolledgraduatedfromthecatch-upprogramme.Thereisa

23MinistryofEducation,CommonResultsFramework24JordanResponsePlan2019,link25MinistryofEducationandMOPIC,EducationCommonResultsFramework


genderbalanceofenrolledchildreninearlychildhood,primaryandsecondaryschools,bothincampsandhostcommunities.

Overthepastyear,fournewschoolswereconstructedincamps,andnewteachersandadministrativestaffwereappointedinordertoreducetheovercrowdingofclassroomsandimproveteacher-pupilratios.Thisaimedtoachieveincreasedaccessandabetterqualityofeducationandwasinlinewiththebirthrateinthecamps.From1,320teachersand200administratorsincampschoolsinyear2017-18,thenumberincreasedto1,501teachersand219administratorsinschoolsand114teachersand11administratorsinkindergartensin2018-19.TheEURegionalTrustFundinresponsetotheSyriancrisiscurrentlyfundstheincreasednumberofstaff26.AsatMay2018,234“Makanicentres”,providinginformal(lifeskills)education,havesupported101,000children(52%Syrians,44%Jordanians,4%others)in235locations.Currently,thenumberofcentreshasbeenreducedasaresultofshortageoffunding.27

MoEwithpartnersupporthaveimplementedanationalprogrammetoendviolenceinschools,whichhasresultedindocumenteddecreasesinviolencebyteachersandadministratorsoverthepastfiveyears.Physicalviolencedroppedfrom23%in2014-2015to17%in2016-2017,andverbalviolencedroppedfrom34%to24%in2017-2018.28SustainabilityoffundingforschoolsincampsandschoolshiftsinhostcommunitiesinstitutedinresponsetotheSyriacrisisisbeingaddressedthroughamulti-donoraccount,whichisincreasingoverallfundingtotheeducationsector.DonorshavealsosupportededucationincampsandprovidedtechnicalsupporttotheMoE.Intherefugeecamps,therearecurrently,32schoolsinZa’ataricamp,4intheEmiraticampand15intheAzraqcamp.29


ProvidingeducationforSyrianrefugeeshasplacedconsiderablepressureonthenationaleducationsystemandhashaltedpreviouseffortsforreform.GoJhasnothadadequateinfrastructuretoaddresstheexpansionofthesystemandithashadtoopenadditionaldoubleshiftschoolstomeettheseneeds,whichhashadanimpactonthequalityofeducation.Thesechallengeswillhavelong-termeffects.Currentsystemsdonotallowtheseimpactstobefullyquantifiedandneedfurthersupport.Thefocushasbeenonenrolment,whichhasbeenverypositiveattheprimaryschoollevel,butthereisverylowparticipationaboveGrade10.Age-specificenrolmentratesforSyrian

26ActionDocumentfortheEURegionalTrustFundinResponsetotheSyriancrisisOperationalBoard,link27Ibid28MinistryofEducation,OnlineSurveyresults201829ActionDocumentfortheEURegionalTrustFundinResponsetotheSyriancrisistobeusedforthedecisionsofthe

OperationalBoard


refugeesin2017rangedfrom99%ofunder-11s,to48%of15yearoldsand15%of16yearolds30.Donorfundshavenotbeenfullyalignedtonationaleducationalprioritiesandvulnerabilitystatus.Thelong-termfutureoftwo-shiftschoolsisunclear,givenconcernsovershorterlessonsandovercrowdedclasses.Littleprogresshasbeenmadeonschoolconstructionandexpansion.Qualityofeducationremainsachallengeandisnotyetbeingwellmeasured.Violenceinschoolsremainshigh,althoughithasbeenreducingsignificantly.Thereareproblemswithinsufficientandunder-qualifiedteachers.

Dropoutsareduetotransportationissues,familyrelianceonchildlabour,andlowperceptionofthequalityofschooling,withboysalsoreportedlydroppingoutduetoviolence(harassmentandbullying)andgirlsduetoearlymarriage.DropoutnumbersneedtobemonitoredaccuratelybytheMoEtoensureafairpictureofthenetnumbersofchildrenenrolled.Doubleshiftinghasnegativeimpactsforthoseinthesecondshift,primarilySyrianrefugeesinhostcommunities.InsomeschoolswhereSyrianchildrengototheeveningshift,parentsfearforgirlsreturninghomeafterlaterclasses.Inotherschools,boysgotolaterclassesandparentsinbeneficiaryfeedbacksessionscomplainedoflowerqualityofeducation.Therehasbeenlimitedfocusondisabilitiesintheeducationsectoranditiscurrentlynotpossibletoknowhowmanydisabledchildrenareoutofschool.

Overallyouthengagementislow,with29%of15-24yearolds“NotinEducation,EmploymentorTraining”(NEET)in201531,whichwasamongstthehighestintheworld.Thisisparticularlyacuteforyoungwomen,forwhomthefigureis44%,andthedataprovidesevidencethatmanygirlsaregraduatingfromschoolsandcollegesbutnotthenenteringthelabourmarket.Thishasnotbeenadequatelyaddressedundereitherthelivelihoodsoreducationsectors.Thepercentageofchildrenexperiencingverbalorphysicalviolenceinschoolshasshownsteadyandconsiderabledecline.However,boyscontinuetoexperienceratesofviolencehighabovetherateforgirls,afactorthatcontributestothedropoutofadolescentboys.

BeneficiaryfeedbackonEducation

KeyAchievement:

• TheGovernmentofJordanhasestablishedanumberofschoolsforalleducationalstagesinsideandoutsidecamps,includingkindergartens.

• Increasingaccessthroughdoubleshiftschools.

30Fafo,ThelivingconditionsofSyrianrefugeesinJordan,2019,link31ILO,“Schooltoworktransition”,2015


OngoingChallenges:

― Access:PrincipalssometimesrefusetoregisterSyrianstudentsinschools.

― Qualifications:FearthatJordaniancertificatesmaynotberecognizedinSyria.

― Qualityofeducation:Someteachersincampsareinexperienced.

― Classrooms:Classroomsareovercrowdedandsometimeslackheatingandsanitation.

― Doubleshiftschoolsystem:Childrenattendingtheafternoonshifthaveshortershifts(2to5pm),andtheydonotgetrecessortimetoeat.

― Bullying:Bullyinginschoolswasreportedasaproblem,especiallybetweenSyrianandJordanianstudents.

5.4 Social-Health


• ProvideSyrianrefugeeswithequitableaccesstonationalhealthcaresystems• Applybestpracticesandlessonslearntfromothersectors(especiallyeducation)to

thehealthsector

HealthhasfeaturedintheCompactsincetheBrusselsIIconference,reflectingitshighimportancetobothJordaniansandSyrians.TheaimofGoJhasbeentoprovideSyrianswithaccesstothenationalhealthcaresystemtoimprovetheirhealthoutcomesandatthesametimestrengthenhealthservicesforall.Thisalsoprovidestheopportunitytoreviewthepublichealthsystemanddevelopalongtermstrategywhichwillmakehealthservicesmoreconsistent,equitableandfocusedonpriorityneeds,toensurebetterhealthoutcomes.TheICandGoJagreethatapplyingbestpracticesfromeducationandsocialprotectionwillimprovehealthsystemefficiencyandoutcomes.


Jordanhasstrongprimaryhealthservices.IssuingofMoIcardsopenedaccessforSyrianrefugeestoaffordablehealthcarethroughthepublicsystem.87%ofSyrianrefugeeswhoreceivedconsultationsforacuteillnesswere“very”or“rather”satisfiedwiththehealthcare


theyreceived32.Somehealthoutcomesareimproving.Anaemiainchildren,forexample,fellfrom12.6%in2012to10.5%in2017,whiletheequivalentfiguresforwomenwere7.3%and6.7%,withSyriansonlyjustabovenationalaverages33.Genderdisaggregateddataisgenerallyavailable.Indicatorsofmaternalhealthindicateastrongperformanceofthehealthsystemforwomen.Thepercentageofwomenreceivingantenatalcarefromaskilledproviderwasabove95%in2018forbothJordanianandSyrianwomen.34Womeninrefugeecamps,however,complainedaboutalackoffemaledoctors.Donorsarewellorganisedinthehealthsector.Thecreationofamulti-donoraccountmodelledontheeducationaccountisapositivemeasureandresponsetothecommitmentoflearninglessonsbetweensectors.Newdonorsarecomingintosupportthemulti-donoraccount.TheEU’sfundingofthecostsof“vaccinationsforall”willfreebudgetfortheGoJtofundotherpriorities.InclusionofhealthinthelastBrusselsconferencewasapositivedevelopment.


TheintroductionofahealthpolicyinFebruary2018thatrequiredSyrianstopay80%ofthenon-Jordanians’rate35hashadasignificantimpactontheiraccesstohealth,andledtonegativecopingmechanisms.Itledtoatleastatriplingofcostsatpointofuseinthepublicsystem,andanincreaseinoutofpocketexpenditure.TheproportionofSyriansneedinghealthservicesinthepreviousmonthwhosoughttheminthepublicsectorfellfrom78%in2016to45%in2018.36FirstvisitstoGoJhospitalsbySyriansfellfrom28%in2016to14%in2018andsecondvisitsfrom57%in2016to9%in2018.37ItisexpectedthatGoJwillreversethispolicyin2019,subjecttodonorsprovidingadequatefinancing.TheIChasrespondedbyprovidingmorehealthcarethroughNGOs,butthestrengtheningofparallelstructuresforhealthassistance(covering50%ofSyrians)hascreatedunsustainablemechanisms,whichdonotsupportnationalhealthsystems.Thesystemisveryfragmented,withalargenumberandvarietyofproviders.Accessvariessignificantlybetweenregions.MoHdataonlycoverspeopleaccessingpublichealthstructures.Itisestimatedthat40%ofpeopleusepublichealthand60%useprivatehealthfacilitiesandthereforeMoHdataisnotrepresentative.Thereisalackofdataonprivatehealth.

32Fafo,ThelivingconditionsofSyrianrefugeesinJordan,2019,link,NBThiswasundertakenpriortothepolicychangethat

increasedthecostofhealthcaretoSyrianrefugeesinFebruary201833DepartmentofStatistics2012.JordanPopulationandFamilyHealthSurvey2012;DepartmentofStatistics2018.Jordan

PopulationandFamilyHealthSurvey2017-201834Ibid35Theywerepreviouslypaying20%ofthenon-insuredJordanianrate.36AwaitingpublicationofUNHCR2018data37AwaitingpublicationofUNHCR2018data


Astrategyonhealththatcoversbothinsuredandnon-insuredJordaniansandforeignersisneeded.Agreementonwhatthepackageforbasicinsuranceshouldlooklikehasbeencitedaspotentialforpositivedevelopmentandsteptowardsuniversalhealthcoverage.Fundingiscurrentlyskewedtowardsemergencyassistance.Non-communicablediseasesandotherprimarycausesofdeathareunderfunded.Somesecondaryandtertiaryservicesareavailable,althoughdisabilityandmentalhealthhavebeenidentifiedasgaps.Vestedinterestsdiscourageinformationsharingamongclinicsandhealthproviders,makingprospectsfordevelopinganintegratedhealthstrategyverychallenging.

BeneficiaryfeedbackonHealth

KeyAchievements:

• TheincreaseinnumbersofrefugeeswithMoIcardshasfacilitatedsignificantlybetteraccesstohealthcare.

• TheNationalVaccinationprogramincludesSyrianchildren.

• Themotherhoodandchildhoodcentreshavebeenparticularlyeffective.Refugeesareprovidedwithhealtheducationandawarenessraisingthroughthesecentres.

OngoingChallenges:

― Access:Inhostcommunities,gettingMoIcardsincreasedaccesstohealthcareforSyrianrefugees,butachangeinpolicyinFebruary2018madethecostprohibitive,leadingtorefugeesnotseekingcareandusingpharmaciesandotherprivatesectorfacilitiesfordiagnosisandtreatment.

― DisabledandElderlyPeople:Issueswithaccesstohealthfacilitiesforthedisabledandtheelderlywerereportedincampsandhostcommunities.

― Staffandmedication:InbothAzraqandZa’ataricamps,peoplereportedalackofdoctorsandmedicationaskeychallenges.

5.5 Social-SocialProtection


• SocialprotectionwashighlightedasasectortoaddressinBrusselsII• ICandGOJtomaximiseuseofcashsupportasanefficientandeffectivemodality• Thissectoralsoencompassessignificantgenderissuesrelatedtochildmarriage,


women’svulnerabilityandviolenceagainstwomen

AfocusonpovertyandvulnerabilityisintendedtomeettheneedsofthemostmarginalisedmembersofbothJordanianandSyriancommunities.Cashsupportisexpectedtoleadtoreducedlevelsofpovertyandenablegreaterresilience.


TheJRP(2018-20)notesthatmonthly,multipurposecashassistanceprogrammingreachedanaverageof143,000Syrianrefugeesand5,800Jordanianspermonth(with87%ofrecipientsbeingwomenandchildren),while18,225Syrianhouseholdsreceivednon-fooditemkits.Inaddition,cashandvouchersforfoodfromtheWorldFoodProgrammereachover500,000beneficiaries.VulnerabilityassessmentsareregularlyundertakenforboththeSyrianrefugees(byUNHCR)andforJordanianpopulations(bytheMinistryofSocialDevelopment).GoJisexpandingtheNationalAidFundwithWorldBanksupportwithanextra25,000householdstargetedin2019andanoverallgoalof178,000householdstobereached.UNagenciesandNGOshaveexpandedcashprogrammingwithdonorsupporttoprovidewidecoverageofSyrianrefugees.Multi-purposecashprogrammesaregenerallywellco-ordinated,butthereispoorco-ordinationbetweenthemajorUNHCRandWFPprogrammes.


Therearetwoparallelsocialprotectionsystemsinoperation,forJordaniansandSyrianrefugees,withdifferentvulnerabilityassessmentsandbenefitspackages.Furtherplanningisneededtoensuresustainablesupporttoallvulnerablepeopleinthelongterm.ChildmarriageamongstSyriansisasignificantsocialproblem.Thelevelofchildmarriageamongst14-year-oldSyriansgirlsin2018was14%38.Therateof15-19yearoldgirlsandyoungwomenthathavegivenbirthorarepregnantwas4.5%inJordanin2012,buthasrisento5.3%in2018,withJordaniansfallingto3.1%,butSyriansat27.8%39.Theseissuesarebeinghighlightedbycivilsociety,butthereisnosuitableforumforJordanianNGOstoexpresstheirviews.

Levelsofviolenceagainstwomen,includingsexualharassmentanddomesticabuse,arehighbyinternationalstandards.In2012,thepercentageofwomenreportingviolenceintheirlifetimewas34.3%andinthelast12monthswas12.6%.40Moremenneedtobeengagedinaddressingthisissue.ComparisonsonpovertyandvulnerabilitybetweenSyriansandJordaniansaredifficultduetodifferentsystemsofassessmentanddatadiscrepancies.Recentsurveys(LabourMarket

38Fafo,ThelivingconditionsofSyrianrefugeesinJordan,2019,link39DepartmentofStatistics2012.JordanPopulationandFamilyHealthSurvey2012;DepartmentofStatistics2018.Jordan

PopulationandFamilyHealthSurvey2017-201840Source:DemographicandHealthSurvey2012


SurveyandHouseholdIncomeandExpenditureSurvey)nowexistcoveringbothSyriansandJordanians,whichwillallowthecreationofanationalpovertyline.96%ofSyrianhouseholdswereclassifiedashighlyorseverelyvulnerablein2017–upfrom92%in201441,inpartdrivenbyrisinglevelsofdebt.SocialsecurityenrolmentofSyriansisverylow.

BeneficiaryfeedbackonSocialprotection

KeyAchievements:

• ThesocialenvironmentinJordanhasbeensafeforrefugeesinhostcommunities.

• Awarenessprogrammeshavehadanimpact,withwomenandchildrenfeelingmoreempoweredtostandupfortheirrights.

OngoingChallenges:

― Debt:Refugeesreportedfallingintodebtandusingnegativecopingmechanisms,suchassellingfoodtopayforhealthcare,childmarriageandbegging.

― Genderbasedviolence:CasesofviolenceagainstwomenforbothJordaniansandSyriansaresignificantandunder-reported

― Socialcohesion:Socialtensionishigherinareaswithpoorinfrastructure,limitedaccesstopublicservicesorlimitedemploymentopportunities.

5.6 Protection


• GoJtoexpandregistrationandregularisationofSyrianrefugeestoachievecomprehensiveregistration

• GOJfacilitatingreturnsthatareconsistentwithInternationalHumanitarianLawandtheprincipleofnon-refoulement

• GoJtoprovidenecessarydocumentationtoSyrianrefugees• ICtoprovideincreasedresettlementandpathwaystothirdcountries

ProtectionofrefugeesisatthecoreoftheJordanCompact.RegistrationhasbeendesignedtoextendprotectiontoSyrianrefugeesbyestablishingtheirlegalstatusandprovideapathway

41UNHCR(Onlinedata)


toemployment.TheprovisionofdocumentationwasprioritisedtoallowSyrianstoreturntoSyriaattheappropriatetimewhenconditionsallow.


JordancontinuestohostlargenumbersofSyrianrefugees,totalling671,551in2018,asregisteredwithUNHCR,upby3.5%from655,629in2017.GoJhasissued707,941MoIidentitycardscumulativelyby2018establishinglegalstatus,upfrom472,259in2016.Thisexceedstheregisterednumberofrefugeesduetosomedoublecountingandtheregistrationof33,000non-refugeeslackinglegalpapers.Aregularisationexerciseoverthepastyearhasreducedthenumbersofunregisteredrefugeesby33,865asatJanuary2019.DocumentationhasbeenextensivelyprovidedforSyriansincludingcertificatesforbirths,marriagesanddeaths.


Keyissuesforrefugeesincludeshelterandhealth,whichtakeahighproportionoftheirdisposableincome.Female-headedhouseholdsfaceadditionalchallenges.SecurityissueshaveprecedenceoverprotectionissuesforGoJinsomesituations.RegularweeklymeetingsareheldbetweentheMinistryoftheInteriorandUNHCRtodiscussrefugeeandprotectionissues,butdonorswouldwelcomeabroaderprocessofdialogueonprotectionissues,includingsensitiveissueswhicharenotwidelydiscussed.UNHCRhasadopteda“Onerefugee”approach,whichimpliesthattheneedsofrefugeesfromothernationalitiesshouldalsoberecognisedonanequalfootingwithSyrianrefugees.Numbersofrefugeesneedtobere-assessedandconfirmedaspeoplefailtoclaimbenefits.Thisnumberisbelievedtobesignificant.DespiteanICcommitmenttoincreaseresettlementopportunities,thesehavebeenlimitedandthenumbersresettledtothirdcountrieshavefallenfrom17,956in2016to4,243in2018.42PresentconditionsinSyriaarenotconduciveforvoluntaryrepatriationinsafetyanddignity.Whentheseconditionshavesubstantiallychanged,voluntaryrepatriationcouldbefacilitatedthroughco-ordinationbetweenGoJ,UNHCRandtheGovernmentofSyria.Moreopportunitiesareneededforresettlementin,andotherpathwaysto,thirdcountries.

BeneficiaryfeedbackonProtection

KeyAchievements:

42UNHCRResettlementdata(Onlinedata)


• Registrationisfreeandwidelyavailable.MostpeoplehaveMoIcards,whichallowSyrianstohaveworkpermitsandaccesstohealthservices.

• Documentationforbirths,deathsandmarriagesareavailable.

OngoingChallenges:

― Returns:RefugeesreportednotintendingtogobacktoSyriabecausetheyhavenothingtogobackto,protectionconcernsarehigh,thecostofacquiringdocumentationattheSyrianembassyisprohibitive,andeducationqualificationsmaynotberecognised.

5.7 Partnership-Financialsupport

FinancialsupportfromICprovidessupporttoGoJbudgetstofacilitatetheprovisionofservicesforSyriansandJordaniansandalsoprovidesdirectassistancetohumanitariananddevelopmentprojects.SustainableandpredictablesupportfromtheICallowsafullrangeofGoJservicesforthebenefitofbothrefugeeandhostcommunities.


Donorshaveprovidedhighlevelsoffinancialsupport,givenJordan’sstatusasaMiddleIncomeCountry,bothtorefugeesandtoresilienceprogrammesforJordanians,atlevelsmoderatelyabovetheaveragefundingresponsetohumanitarianappealsworldwide43.IncreasedfinancinghashelpedtosignificantlyrelievethepressureonJordan’sresources,whilenotfullymeetingitsneedsoraspirations.Donorfunding,asreportedbyMOPIC,increasedmarkedlyafterthe2016meeting,reachingapeakof$1.7billionin2017.Donor

43TheaverageAppealresponsein2018was60.5%(seedatafromOCHA,2018,link)


• FinancialsupporttoJordanResponsePlanmaintainedat2016level• MacroeconomicsupporttoJordantoaddressbudgetaryandbalanceofpayments

challenges• Projectfundingtomeetspecificcommitments• MacroeconomicsupporttoJordantoaddressbudgetaryandbalanceofpayments

challenges• Projectfundingtomeetspecificcommitments


reporting,basedondifferentdefinitionsofpledgesanddisbursementscomparedwithGoJ,suggeststhattotaldisbursementsin2016,2017and2018exceededthecommitmentsmadebydonors.Budgetsupporthasgrownto$507millionin2018,upfrom$307millionin2017.

ReportedJRP(MOPIC)andDonor(DevelopmentInitiatives)Figures(USD,millions)

JRPdataonGrants 2016 2017 2018BudgetSupport 385.0 306.8 507.1Humanitarian(orRefugeeSupport) 600.6 653.7 716.7Resilience 646.7 758.4 362.8TotalGrants 1,632.3 1,718.9 1,586.7JRPfundingrequirement 2,675.90 2,650.0 2,483.0%Coveredbygrants 61.0% 64.9% 63.9%DevelopmentInitiativesdata 2016 2017 2018(toSept)Pledged 1027 482 411Contributions 1529 960 721Percentagepledgesmet(%) 148.9 199.2 175.4JordanhasundertakentwoIMFprogrammes.InAugust2016,JordanandtheIMFagreedtoa$723millionExtendedFundFacility,buildingonthethree-year,$2.1billionIMFprogramthatendedinAugust2015,withthegoalofhelpingJordancorrectbudgetaryandbalanceofpaymentsimbalances.JordanhasbenefittedfromarangeofMacroeconomicFinancialAssistancenotlinkedtotheSyriaCrisis.TheIMFmissiontoJordanin2019madeapositiveassessmentofprogressunderthecurrentthreeyearExtendedFundFacilityarrangement44,buthaslinkeditsrecommendationtotheIMFBoardfordisbursementofafurthertrancheofsupporttotheprovisionofadditionalgrantfundingfromIC.VariouspledgesweremadeattheLondonInitiativeandthesituationwillbereviewedaftertheBrusselsIIImeeting.


Bothsetsofdata(JRPFinancialUpdatesandDevelopmentInitiativesBrusselsConferencetrackingreports)suggestthataidlevelshavefallenslightlyin2018.JRPdatastatesthatfundingfortheJRPwas64%oftargetlevelsin2018,downfrom65%in2017.JRPfiguressuggestthatresiliencefundinghasfallenbymorethanhalfin2018(downto$363millionfrom$758min2017),whilehumanitarianandbudgetarysupporthavebothincreased.FiguresinJRParenotconsistentwithpost-Conferencepledgemonitoringbydonorsandtherearedifferencesaroundtheallocationoffundingfrommulti-yearfundingandthetreatmentofbilateralfundschannelledthroughUNprogrammes.

44IMFPressRelease,19/34,7February2019,link


Verylittleassistanceistargetedtogenderprogrammes,withonly2%ofdonorassistancegoingtotargetedprogrammesongenderequality,mainlyaddressingmaternalhealth45.TheJORISS46system’sabilitytotrackfinancialallocationstoprogrammesfocusedonincreasingwomen’sempowermentwasfoundtobeweakin2017.Projectrecordssubmittedbyimplementersareinconsistentwithregardtotheextenttowhichtheyreportgenderdisaggregatedresultsdata.

5.8 Partnership-Aidqualityandeffectiveness

ThereisasharedcommitmentbetweenGoJandtheICtouseresourcesaseffectivelyaspossibleandinlinewithaideffectivenessprinciples.UseofGoJsystemsandalignmenttoitsprioritiesstrengthenslocalinstitutionsandincreasesGoJresilienceandlong-termcapacity.Increasedtransparencyonaidspendingleadstoeasiermonitoringandevaluation,mutuallearningandadaptiveprogramming.Predictabilityoffundingandmulti-yearcommitmentsallowthecreationofstrategiesandlongtermresponseplansandallowsasmoothtransitionfromahumanitariantoadevelopmentresponse.Bettercoordinationofdonorsandspecialisationbysectorleadstoefficiencyandlessduplication.Increasinguseofmulti-donortrustfundsandbudgetsupportstrengthensGoJleadershipandsystems.


GoJisintheleadandhaspromoteddonorsupportandalignmenttotheJordanResponsePlan.DonorsupportthroughtheJRPhasbeenhigh.47Thereistransparencyonaidflows,althoughthereareproblemsinreconcilingdata,asnotedabove.Anumberofdonorshavemulti-yearcommitmentsinJordan(includingUSAIDfor5yearsandtheUKfor10years)andtheirfundsarepredictable.Successfulmodelsarereplicated(themulti-donoraccounton

45Source:UNWomenanalysisof2017JRPContributions:Briefingnoteontrackingfinancing,UNWomen,201846JordanResponseInformationSystemfortheSyriaCrisis47JRP2017.JRPFinancialStatusReport,link,JRP2018.JRPFinancialStatusReport,link,OECDDACAidataglance,Jordan,link


• Provideadditionalresourcesthatarepreferablymulti-year,inclusiveofgrantsandbudgetsupport

• FundingshouldbealignedwithJordan’spriorities• Expandtheuseofnationalcapacitiestoimplementassistance,andpurchase

nationalgoodsandservicesIdentifythebestmodalitytoassessprogressagainstcommitments


educationisbeingcopiedinhealth).Thereisincreasinguseofsuchmulti-donortrustfundsandbudgetsupport.

NewlendinginstrumentshavebeendevelopedtoallowJordantoaccessconcessionalfundingfromtheWorldBankandotherinternationalinstitutions,includingtheGlobalConcessionalFinancingFacility(GCFF)andthechangeintheWorldBankrulestoallowamiddle-incomecountrytoreceivelarge-scaleconcessionalfinancing.WithintheGCFF,Jordanhasbenefitedfrom5outof7projectsapprovedtodate,withtotalloansof$635millionsupportedbyGCFFconcessionalityof$116million.TherehasalsobeeninnovationinthedevelopmentofMulti-DonorsAccountsandintheEU’sRegionalTrustFundinresponsetotheSyriancrisis.Cash-basedassistanceisaprominentandincreasingmodalityforassistance.TheprocessaroundtheBrusselsIIconferencewasasignificantimprovement:beneficiaryconsultationsweremuchmorethorough,itexpandedtoincludetheUNandothers,andtherewasfollowuponcommitments.VoicesofaffectedpopulationshavehelpedtoshapethepreparationsforBrusselsIIIthrougharangeofconsultationexercises.TechnicalassistancehasbeenprovidedtostrengthenexistingGoJsystems,forexampletheUSAID-fundedProjectManagementUnitinMOPIC.TheneedforamechanismtomonitorandassessprogressagainstcommitmentshasbeenidentifiedbyGoJandtheIC.AnIndependentMonitoringteamisinplacetodevelopaMonitoringandAssessmentFrameworkandtoprovideanindependentassessmentofprogressagainstcommitments.


ThereisscopeforgreateralignmenttotheParisprinciplesonaideffectiveness48.TheJRP2018-2020statesthatit“isagenuinecommitmentoftheGovernmentofJordantoputintopracticetheaideffectivenessandcoordinationprinciplesthatwereestablishedinthe2005ParisDeclarationonAidEffectiveness.” Donorcoordinationvariesbetweensectorsandneedstobeaboutpolicyandstrategycoordination,aswellasinformationsharing.Co-ordinationisgenerallystrongonthehumanitarianside,butmorevariablefordevelopmentpartners.Ineducationandhealth,thecoordinationprocessesarepositive.Inlivelihoods,thereisaUNgroup,butonlyafewdonorstakepart.LocalNGOsdonottakepartindonorcoordinationgroupsandhavefewopportunitiestoexpresstheirviews.TheGovernmentsetsuptaskforcesfortheJRPbysector,whichincludelocalNGOs,butthesedonotplayawiderroleoutsidetheJRPprocess.SectoralfundingallocationshavenotbeeninlinewithGoJpriorities.ItissuggestedbyGoJthatasignificantproportionofinternationalfundsgotowardsadministrativeandproject

48SeeOECD,linkformoredetails


managementcosts,althoughthisisnotdocumented.DonorsareconcernedthatprocessingtimesforprojectswithintheGovernmentsystemareslow,duetotheapprovalsrequiredfromlineministries.TheyalsobelievethatfinancialfigureswithintheGoJfinancialsystemoftendonotaccuratelyreflectthestructureandleveloftheirfinancialsupportandprogramming.AlignmentwithGoJprioritiescouldbeimprovedbystrengtheninglinkagesbetweendevelopmentpartners’plansattheprogrammeandsectorallevel,theBrusselsprocess,GoJplanningdocuments(includingtheJRP,5yeargrowthmatrixand2yearRevivalPlan)andtheLondonInitiative.ThesheernumberofplansfrombothGoJanddonorsmakessuchco-ordinationmoredifficult.Internationalsupportisfragmented,withalargenumbersofimplementingpartners.Thecreationofparallelsystems,especiallyinhealth,havecreatedinequitiesanddistortedthemarket.Prominentbrandingofdonors’projectsworksagainsttheprincipleofstrengtheninglocalinstitutions.Sex-disaggregateddataisnotuniformandonly2%ofprogrammesintheJRPaddresswomenandgenderexplicitly,and90%oftheseareonmaternalhealth.Transitionisrecognisedasanimportantissuebyallpartiesbutitmeansdifferentthingstodifferentactors,whetherfromresiliencetogrowth,statustovulnerability,humanitariantodevelopmentoraidtoprivateinvestment.Managingthetransitiontolowerlevelsofhumanitarianfundingwillbechallengingandwillrequirenewapproaches.

6. WayforwardThelatestindicationsfromdonorsarethattheyintendtosustaintheirfinancialsupporttoJordaninthecomingyear,withagradualshiftfromhumanitariantodevelopmentfunding49.Humanitariansupportwill,however,begintodeclineatsomestageinthefuture.ThereisaneedtoaddressthetransitionfromhumanitariantodevelopmentassistancemoreproactivelyandinawaythatstrengthensGoJownershipandsystems,whileensuringspacefortheinvolvementofcivilsocietyandtheprivatesector.

49PresentationofananonymousdonorsurveytotheHumanitarianPartnersForum,Amman,February2019

Whatistransition?

Allpartiesseetransitionasimportant,buttherearemanydifferentdefinitionsandunderstandingsofwhatitinvolves.Thereisaneedtomovetoacommonunderstandingof


Theindependentmonitoringprocesshasrevealedkeygapsandinconsistenciesinthedata,evenforbasicindicators.Inaddition,nocleartargetsweresetfortheJordanCompactandBrusselsPartnershipcommitments.ThisisalsoaweaknessfortheJRP,whichhasnotbeenfullyevaluatedasyet.

GoJhasclearlyexpresseditsviewthatnonewcommitmentsshouldbeadoptedthroughtheestablishmentoftheMonitoringandAssessmentFramework.Thereisscope,however,fordrawingtogethercommitmentsandindicatorsfromawiderangeofexistingplansandagreementsthathavealreadybeenapprovedbyGoJ,inordertosettargetsfortheindicatorsintheMonitoringandAssessmentFramework.ThefinalisationandadoptionoftheFrameworkwillinturnhelptobringthesecommitmentsintoanintegratedapproachtosupportpolicydialogueandfutureaction.Withinthis,thereisscopeforallpartiestosettargetsforbothquantitativeandprocessindicators.

Therecommendationsofthisreportthereforefallundertwomainareascoveringactionstoimprovethemonitoringandassessmentprocessandfurtheractionstoimplementexistingcommitments:

Dataandmonitoring:

thistransitionandtomakeplansforaverydifferentfuture.

ForGoJ,theprimarytransitionisfrom“resiliencetogrowth”.ThisrecognizesthebroaderchallengesfacedbytheJordanianeconomyandtheneedtoaddressvulnerabilityanddebtsustainabilitybypromotinginvestmentandgrowth.Thisislinkedtoatransitionfrom“developmentfundingtoprivateinvestment”astheprimarydriveroftheeconomyandpublicrevenue.

Manydonorsseeatransitionfrom“humanitariantodevelopment”funding,reflectingtheexpecteddeclineinhumanitarianfundingovertimeandtheneedtomovetowardsthestructuresandmodalitiesoflong-termdevelopmentassistance.ThiswillneedtorecogniseJordan’sstatusasamiddle-incomecountry,whichwouldnormallyimplylowerlevelsofgrant-baseddevelopmentassistance,andtheongoingneedsofbothrefugeepopulationsandhostcommunitiesinthecontextofJordan’sfiscalconstraints.

Someagencieshighlightatransitionfrom“statustovulnerability”,emphasisingtheneedforanationalapproachbasedonneedsratherthanseparateapproachesfordifferentcommunities.

SubstantialnumbersofSyrianrefugeeswillcontinuetoliveinJordanformanyyearstocomeandtherewillbeaneedtocontinuetofinanceessentialservicesforthesecommunities.


• Fillingdatagaps.Regularlarge-scalesurveydataforkeyparameters.Moreopennessanddebatetoensureconsistencyofdatafromdifferentsources,forexampleonfinancialflows,vulnerabilityandprotection.

• Beneficiaryfeedback.Ensuringsystematicandwidelyownedprocessesareinplaceforfuturemonitoringtogatheranddisseminatebeneficiaryfeedback,inlinewithinternationalbestpractice.

• Datareliability.Enhancedroleforsectorworkinggroupstoworkoutwhatdataisneeded,discussconsistencyofsourcesandmovetowardsrationalisation

• EnhancedanalysisofthebarrierstoEUexports,toidentifywhyexportvolumesandemploymentopportunitieshavenotincreasedasintendedandanalysewhatfurtherpolicyreformsandfirm-levelsupportisneededtoachievetheoriginalvision.

• EvaluationofJRPtoassessprogressandresultsandidentifygapsinimplementation.

• Sharedindicators.UsingasmanycommonindicatorsaspossibleintheBrusselsprocess,GoJplanningdocuments(includingtheJRP,sectoralplans,5yeargrowthmatrixand2yearRenaissancePlan)andtheLondonInitiative.

Targetstobesetforindicatorsintheframework(includingprocessindicatorssuchaslabourmarketreform)toallowfuturemonitoring,basedprimarilyonexistingGoJpolicycommitmentsandplanningdocuments,toinclude:

• Developmentofpolicydialogueandagreedactiontoreachcommitments.

• FurthercreationofdecentjobopportunitiesforSyrianrefugees.

• Greateremphasisongender,youthanddisabilityissues,includingreformsoftheLabourCodeforwomen’seconomicempowerment.

• ReformsinhealthandeducationtopromoteequitableaccessandqualityservicesforJordaniansandSyrians.

• Enhanceddialogueonprotectionissues.

• SustainablelongtermfundingfromtheIC,alignedtoGoJprioritiesthatrecognisesthecontinuingpresenceofSyrianrefugeesinJordan.

ThenextIndependentMonitoringreportswillbeproducedinAugustandDecember2019.FollowingtheBrusselsIIImeetingtherewillbeaneedforallpartiestoworkondevelopingasetoftargetsbothforthesetwomonitoringpoints,andonanannualbasisintothefuture.


Thiswillbebasedonsettingtargetsfortheindicators,bothquantitativeandprocess,whichareincludedintheframework.

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