INCLUSIVE ENERGY IN NEW ZEALAND

Dr Julie L MacArthur

21 November 2019Energy Spotlight

INCLUSIVE ENERGY SYSTEMS

Promises of Participation■ From Prosumers to Citizen

Participants

■ Not just individuals, but collectives– Modifies preferences +

incentives– Local economic multiplier– Energy education

■ Inclusion of historically underrepresented and marginalized

– Co-benefits for gender pay gap, health, meeting international agreements & SDGs

Source: Walker & Devine-Wright 2008

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Enabling policy layers for local ownership

Source: Anna Berka, Julie MacArthur and Claudia Gonnelli, “Explaining inclusivity in energy transitions: local and community energy in Aotearoa (New Zealand) 2019

Ensures financialviability of independentRE projects providingpower, heat orancillary services

Leverages advantages /alleviates constraintsunique to community REprojects

5. Capacity building - financial & soft policy

4. Regional resource planning & access to key inputs

3. Demand guarantees & investment incentives

2. Market access

1. Legal frameworks for mutual ownership

Sector overview■ New environmental organisations

■ Local authorities

■ Māori owned energy organisations

■ Locally owned consumer trusts and co-operatives

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Auckland Council

Pioneer GenerationMokai – Tuaropaki Trust Blueskin Resilient Communities Trust

Sector overview – New Zealand

Source: Berka, MacArthur and Gonnelli 2019 6

Sector overview – New Zealand

Source: Berka, MacArthur and Gonnelli 2019 7

Women & Energy1. Why the focus?

1. Equity2. Pay gaps3. Skills gaps4. Informational gaps

2. Where to look: 1. Access/transitions2. Industry variation3. Job life cycle4. Leadership and policymaking

3. Empowerment1. Not just jobs, policy control & ownership.

Leadership Participation: ElectricityFigure 3 – Data from survey of company websites reporting composition of Board of Directors and Executive Management Teams 2018

29.73%28.57%

14.08%

25.76%26%27.27%

15.18%

25.40%

Generation Transmission Distribution Retail

Women & Board Seats New Zealand Electricity Industry

Board of Directors Executive Management Team

Part/Full TimeFigure 1 – Data from Statistics NZ “Filled Jobs by ANZSIC Group, Sex and Employment”

Hires and TurnoverFigure 2 – Data from Statistics NZ “Table 22: LEED measures, by age, sex, and industry (based on ANZSIC06)”

SUMMARY & QUESTIONS

Summary■ Two significant trends in the social science of

energy systems – community participation and gender equity

■ Large data gaps in NZ

■ Challenging terrain for new organizations– NZ CE database online– 2nd Community Energy Forum in Nov 2020

■ Women in energy work is largely focused on women in STEM training

– Mana Wahine initiative– WISER

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