INCLUSIVE ELECTORAL EDUCATION THROUGH INFORMAL EDUCATION

CHANNEL Hasyim Asy’ari General Election Commission of The Republic of Indonesia

INDONESIA MAP

INDONESIA

34 PROVINCES

514 REGENCIES/

MUNICIPALITIES

7160 DISTRICTS

83184 VILLAGES

INDONESIA ELECTIONS

• Probably the most complex electoral event globally

• 479,183 polling stations across 17,000 islands

• 34 provinces, 514 regencies/municipalities, 7,160 districts, 83,184 sub-districts/villages

• 4 million polling station officials

• 700 ballots, 2,450 ballot designs

• 19,700 candidates, 1 presidency, 532 legislatures

• Population: 237.56 million (census 2010)

• 2014 voters list: 187,847,512

• 2014 turnout rate: 75.11%

Legal Framework • Constitution of Indonesia (UUD 1945) • Reformasi movement resulted to the significant

amendments of the Constitution: human rights & concept of election

• Legislative framework governing democratic representation: o Law 15/2011 governing election management bodies o Law 8/2012 governing legislative elections o Law 42/2008 governing presidential elections o Law 2/2011 governing political parties o Law 27/2009 governing the structure of national and sub-national legislatures o Law 23/2014 governing regional administration o Law 1/2015 governing local election o Law 8/2015 governing local election (1st revised of Law 1/2015) o Law 10/2016 governing local election (2nd revised of Law 1/2015)

ELECTIONS in INDONESIA

Parliamentary Election :

◦Regional Representative Council

◦People’s Representative Council

◦Peoples Regional Representative Council

Presidential

Election

Concurrent

Governor and

Regent/Mayor

Election

This elections was held once in five years

INDONESIAN ELECTION SYSTEM MODEL (11 TIMES ELECTIONS)

1955 1971 1977-1982-1987-1992-1997 1999 2004-2009-2014

Revolutian Era

Transitional New Order New Order

For Presidential Election :

1955-1999 : Elected by HR

2004-2009-2014 : Elected by Voters by Two Round System

Reformation Era

Democration Consolidation

Close List Proportional Representation

National HR, Provincial HR, and District (Mun/City) HR = open list PR

2004 = Candidate Number Order 2009-2014 = Most Voted

Provincial Representative = SNTV (single non transferable vote)

LEGISLATIVE ELECTIONS

• From 1998 until now, there had been four legislative elections held, they are 1999, 2004, 2009 and 2014 elections. Legislative elections on April 9, 2014 included:

• House of Representatives (DPR) & Regional Representatives Council (DPD)

• National Level: DPR - 560 seats from 77 electoral district & DPD - 132 seats from 33 provinces

• Provincial Level: 2,112 seats from 259 constituencies

• Regency Municipality level: 16,895 seats from 2,102 constituencies

• All elected at the same day, requiring 4 different ballots during the Election Day

LEGISLATIVE ELECTIONS

Seats Allocation • 2009 election vs 2014 election

Gender Quota:

• 2004 election: 30% women in candidate list • 2009 election: 30% women with at list one

women within three candidates, no binding sanction

• 2014 election: 30% women with at list one women within three candidates, with binding sanction

PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS

• President as Head of Executive elected directly by the people

• Maximum two five-year term of service

• Min 25% of total vote required for a party or coalition to nominate candidate pairs

• Candidate who receives >50% wins the election

• Run-off election between top two candidates if no one reaches the 50% threshold in round one

LOCAL ELECTIONS

• Local election is an election to select head of regional. • Previously, the date of local election different from one

region to another. By the Law Number 8 Year 2015, government decide to conduct local election from regions concurrently.

• The schedule of concurrent local elections is designed to accommodate the end of term of each regional head. The end of term varies as previously each region conducted local elections in different dates.

• Concurrent local elections for all regions in Indonesia is

designed to be conducted in 2027.

LOCAL ELECTIONS

• Gubernatorial election: electing head executive of a province with min 30% of total votes

• Regency/Municipality election: electing head executive of a regency/municipality

• Kecamatan appointments by the Regent/Mayor at regency/municipality level

• Ward/village appointments and elections o The head of Kelurahan is a civil servant appointed by

the sub-district head o The head village is a civilian directly elected by

villagers in locally organized elections

Schedule of Concurrent Local Elections

Regional Head end of term: 2015 –June 2016

Elections was held on December 2015 in

9 Provinces

36 Municipalities

224 Regencies

Elections will be held on February 2017 in

8 Provinces

18 Municipalities

76 Regencies

Elections will be held on June 2018 in

17 Provinces

39 Municipalities

115 Regencies

Next Election :

2020

Next Election :

2022

Next Election :

2023

2027 Concurrent

Local Elections

Regional Head end of term: July 2016 – December 2017

Regional Head end of term: 2018-2019

POLITICAL PARTIES IN INDONESIA

• Indonesia is multi-party system with 73 registered political parties

• Each political parties must undergo registration and verification to run in election

• 2009 election: 38 national parties + 6 Acehnese political parties

• Amendment of electoral law set high requirements for political parties to run in election

• 2014 election: 12 national parties + 3 Acehnese political parties

• Nonpartisan candidates are only allowed to compete for the 132 DPD seats and for governor, regent, mayor and village

POLITICAL PARTIES IN INDONESIA

YEAR 2004 24 POLITICAL PARTIES

Year 2009 44 POLITICAL PARTIES

Year 2014 15 POLITICAL PARTIES

COMPARATION

ELECTION 2004 ELECTION 2009 ELECTION 2014

Political Parties 24 44 (38 National +

6 Local) 15 (12 National +

3 Local)

Voters 148.000.368 171.265.442 187.847.512

Turn Out 84.07% 71% 75,11%

Poling Places (TPS)

581.393 519.920 545.778

Indonesia’s Electoral Management Bodies

Unlike other countries, Indonesia has 3 (three) EMBs with different functions:

THE GENERAL ELECTION COMMISSION (KPU)

THE ELECTION SUPERVISORY BOARD (BAWASLU)

THE HONORARY COUNCIL OF ELECTION MANAGEMENT BODIES / THE EMB ETHICS COUNCIL (DKPP)

• KPU is electoral management body that is responsible for conducting elections

• Bawaslu is electoral management body that is responsible for supervising electoral conduct and the first gateway and adjudicator of electoral disputes

• DKPP is electoral management body that is responsible for resolving allegations of ethical violations conducted by either KPU or Bawaslu

Indonesia’s Electoral Management Bodies

General Election Commission (KPU) • Independent election management body

responsible to conduct national and regional elections

• President inaugurated 7 selected KPU commissioners for 5-year term of service

• The KPU secretariat at national and regional level • The KPU civil servant staff: approximately 13,865

staff and 2,659 Commissioners in 531 offices across Indonesia

Indonesia’s Electoral Management Bodies

Election Oversight Body (Bawaslu)

• In charge of overseeing that an electoral complaint is directed to the appropriate body and resolved correctly: – Criminal -> police

– Administrative -> KPU

• 5 Commissioners elected for 5-year term

• Power provided to Bawaslu by Law 8/2012

• Provisions in Law 15/2011 establishes the Bawaslu and the KPU as equal and separate institutions

• Bawaslu secretariat at national and regional level

• A type of oversight body that is unique to Indonesia

Indonesia’s Electoral Management Bodies

Honorary Council of Election Management Bodies (DKPP)

• National-level ethics council to review and decide upon reports of alleged violations of the code of ethics committed by members of the KPU and Bawaslu

• Established within two months after the inauguration of KPU and Bawaslu commissioners

• 7 members: 1 from KPU, 1 from Bawaslu, and 5 community leaders; 5-year term

• Unique to Indonesia, has powers to recommend commissioners’ dismissal. Its rulings are final and binding

KPU RI

PROVINCIAL KPU

REGENCY/ MUNICIPAL

KPU

SUB-DISTRICT ELECTION

COMMITTEE ( PPK )

VOTING COMMITTEE

(PPS)

POLLING STATION OFFICERS

(KPPS)

Ad hoc

Commissioner : 7 person

Commissioner : 5 (each Regency/Municipality)

Number of members in each PPK : 5

Number of members in each PPS : 3

Number of members in each KPPS : 7

Commissioner : 5 (each Province)

Ad hoc body (6 months

before election day until 2

months after election day)

Term of office: 5 (five) years

General Election Commission Hierarchy

OVERSEAS AD-HOC ELECTION COMMITTEES UNDER KPU

Total Number of Committees: 130 Total Number of Officers: 650 (5 each) Total Number of Secretariat Workers: 390

KPPSLN: 7 each x 498 = 3,486 officers

OVERSEAS VOTER DATA UPDATE OFFICER

(Pantarlih LN)

PANTARLIH LN: 1 each Total number of officer 130 PPLN = 873 officers (2013)

SCOP PROGRAM OF VOTER EDUCATION

Non-Electoral Period Civic

Education

Electoral Period

Voter Education

23

GOALS OF VOTER EDUCATION

GROUP TARGET

Cluster I: General

• Young Voters • Women • Disability and

Marginal • Religion

Cluster II: Contextual

• Regional voter turnout low

• Regional potential conflict of election violation

• Conflict region

25

Intituional

Election

Politic Participant

Other Relevant Materials

Democracy

MATERIAL of VOTER EDUCATION

Role of Communication and Technology for Voter Education

• Role of ICT implementation in election: o Increase administrative efficiency

o Reduce long-term costs

o Enhance political transparency

o Ensure citizen’s rights of Public Information

o Encourage public participation in decision process

o Increase citizen role and participation in the electoral process

Role of Communication and Technology for Voter Education

• ICT solutions used by the KPU: o SIDALIH (Voter Registration Information System)

Largest national voter database in the world

o SITAP (Election Stage Information System) Collects data from all stages of election

o SILON (Candidacy Information System) o SITUNG (Vote Counting Recapitulation Information

System) Collect scanned image of election result from polling station Tabulate polling station results into preliminary result Encourage public crowdsourcing initiative to tabulate election results based from scanned image displayed in KPU website: kawalpemilu.org and kawalpilkada.org

Voter Education in Curricula & Extra Curricula

Building electoral organizer capacity

• Strategy to encourage Public Participation: ensure KPU’s policy and practices are sensitive to voter participation

• Professionalism is key to successful election, obtained through: o Building Resources in Democracy, Governance and Elections (BRIDGE)

trainings

o Technical Guidance

o Providing scholarship for Master’s Degree on Electoral Management Study Program (in cooperation with 9 state universities)

o Giving “KPU Award” for excellent local KPUs

Inclusive Electoral Education Through Informal Education Channel

• Educate a broad range of stakeholders and “special” groups of voter about the importance of being a voter o Women voters

o First-time voters: “KPU Goes to Campus”

o Voters with disability: o Braille template ballot paper

o Technical guidance for accessible polling station for voters with disability

o Voter education for people with disability

o Potentially marginalized voters

Inclusive Electoral Education Through Informal Education Channel

Synergy with Civil Society Organization (CSO) • Establishment of Voter Education Media Center

(VEMC) in collaboration with national CSOs • Improved information on election processes and

engaged the public more directly in voter outreach • Distributed KPU materials; hosted interactive public

discussions; and supported multi-media voter education campaigns

• Consolidated guidance and lessons products learned from the 2014 elections

ACCESSIBLE ELECTION FOR VOTER WITH DISSABILITIES

• KPU has committed to condut accessible election for voter with dissabilities.

• As an institution that have authorities on conducting the election, KPU makes efforts to protect and fullfilled citizen with dissabilty rights on politics, by : Issuing Regulation which inclusively giving

affirmative action for voter with dissability Cooperate with other institution and stakeholders

concern on dissability

KPU giving affirmative action to voter with dissability in all Electoral Stages

1. REGULATION DRAFTING PROCESS STAGE

• KPU working with all stakeholder to collect aspirations and recommendations regarding how to make an accessible elections for voters with disabilities

• KPU have a MoU with PPUA Penca to provide a better accessible elections.

• KPU already increasing cooperation with disability organization in formulating KPU regulation relating to disabled voters

• Example of KPU regulation for accessible election

one of Election Socialization target is voter with dissabilities (Regulation of KPU Number 5 Year 2015 on Socialization and Citizen Participation)

Polling Station has to be accessible for voter with dissabilities (Regulation of KPU Number 6 Year 2015 on Norms, Standard, Procedure, Procurement and Distribution of Election Logistic) KPU giving access to citizen with dissabilities on public debate for President candidate

(Regulation of KPU Number 7 Year 2015 on Campaign)

Physical and spiritual requirements can not detered citizen with dissabilities on any candidacy (Regulation of KPU Number 9 year 2015 on Candidacy)

2. Voter Registry Stage • The fixed voter list should include all eligible Indonesian citizens without exception. • The KPU Regulation about voter registry mentions that the voter information must include

the information about the type of disability a voter has. • Information about the type of voters’ disabilities is very important to provide proper

service during polling.

number of polling stations

number of voters

number of first-time

voters

Number of Voter with Dissability 1. Number of Voters with

physical impairment 2. Number of Voters with

vision impairment 3. Number of Voters with

hearing impairment 4. Number of Voters with

mental disability 5. Others

3. SOSIALIZATION STAGE

• Voters with disabilities are one of KPU’s main priorities for targeted voter education, besides first-time voters and female voters.

• Electoral information dissemination was provided through the mass media and KPU’s website.

• KPU has a module and socialization and voter education materials especially for disabled voters.

• KPU has a spesific budget to educate voters with disabilites (brosure, leaflet and other education materials)

• KPU collaborate with TV Station in broadcasting President and Vice President debate, where in the debate there is also sign-language interpreter

Sign-language interpreter

3. VOTING STAGE

KPU Regulation explain things as follows :

• In a notice to vote at the polling stations should be mentioned the ease for people with disabilities in voting at the polling stations.

• Table / board of voting booth and for marking the ballot, and table with empty space beneath it for people with disabilities using wheelchairs.

• The entrance and exit polling at least 90cm sized in order to ensure access for people with disabilities motion using a wheelchair.

• Location of polling stations should be easily accessible, in a flat place that is not rocky, not hilly, not thick grassy, not jump over ditches and exhibits the stairs

MONITORING FINDINGS

Accessible pathway to the polling stations for persons with disabilities

Locations must be accessible by wheelchair user and the elderly

PATHWAYS

LOCATION Inaccessible

Accessible

Entrance should be at least 90 cm in with in order to guarantee access for wheelchair user

ENTRANCE

Accessible

30%

32%

16%

70%

68%

84%

Inaccessible Accessible

Accessible Inaccessible

Accessible Polling Station

MONITORING FINDINGS

Exit should be at least 90 cm in with in order to guarantee access for wheelchair user

EXIT

Enough Space Narrow Space Space to maneuver inside the polling station

SPACE

Solid space underneath

Voting booth table with an empty space underneath for easy access for wheelchair user

BOOTH

19%

38%

34%

81%

62%

66%

Inaccessible Accessible

Accessible Inaccessible

Inaccessible Accessible

Accessible Polling Station

MONITORING FINDINGS

Inaccessible

Ballot box table with sufficient height for easy access for wheelchair user

BALLOT BOX Accessible

Availability of braille template at polling stations

BRAILLE TEMPLATE

34% 66%

35% 65%

Inaccessible Accessible

Accessible Polling Station

KPU designed and produced electoral information dissemination materials in Braille format for voters with vision impairment

BRAILLE TEMPLATE FOR BALLOT PAPER

BRAILLE TEMPLETE LEGISLATIVE ELECTIONS

• National Commission of Human Rights (KOMNAS HAM) During the election, KOMNAS HAM reporting issues on human rights violation on election.

KPU following up the issues for ensuring political rights for citizen with dissabilities.

• AGENDA The General Election Network for Disability Access (AGENDA) was established in 2011 as a

forum to improve access to political and electoral opportunities for persons with dissabilities in Southeast Asia.

It developed a training module and the EMB self-assessments to help EMBs prepare for the conduct of accessible elections to increase awareness.

• Center for Election Access of Citizens with Disabilities (PPUA-PENCA) KPU worked with PPUA-PENCA to create political education for people with disabilities and

consult them on electoral procedures to ensure the election is more accessible for everyone.

KPU also work together with PPUA PENCA on designing braille template for ballot paper.

• Forum for Integration and Advocacy for Citizens with Dissabilities (SIGAB) KPU worked with CSO concern on dissabiltiy for holding socialization and

voting simulation for dissabilities in some regions. • The People’s Voter Education Network (JPPR)

JPPR is one of the Indonesian accreditated observer. JPPR submitted election observation reports which include results and recomendation for improvements. One of the recomendation is making sure the polling station accessible for the voters with dissabilities.

COOPERATION WITH INSTITUTION CONCERN TO DISSABILITY

Disabilities Participants in Implementing of Simulation Ballot, in the main Coutroom of KPU, 4 April 2014

AWARD

KPU GETS AWARD FROM THE GOVERNMENT OF REPUBLIK INDONESIA FOR ITS EFFORT TO PROTECT AND FULFILLED POLITICAL RIGHTS FOR CITIZEN WITH DISSABILITIES