Department of Community DentistryIndustry visit report on:

Biomedical waste treatment plant

Hitkarini Dental college & hospital

Submitted by:Kritika SarkarB.D.S final year

This is to certify that this is a bonafide work of Kritika Sarkar of B.D.S, IV year roll no.______ and has completed the visit report on time.

Verified by: Date:_________ _________

Dept. ofCommunity Dentistry.HDC&H

Certificate

Introduction. Biomedical waste Sources of biomedical wastes Segregation of wastes (at pt of

disposal). Incineration :

◦ Definition.◦ Types of incinerators ◦ Components ◦ Schematic representation of

Processes involved.◦ Effluent & air emissions.

Conclusion.

Contents:

I owe my gratitude to Dr. Vinay Sureshan & Dr. Nalini Saxena (Dept. of Public health Dentistry), for there enormous support , guidance & providing the opportunity for a great learning experience.

I would also like to extend my gratefulness to the my seniors and colleagues for supporting me for the preparation of this report.

Acknowledgement

We the students of B.D.S. IV year, HDC&H, visited Biomedical waste disposal plant- Elite Engineers, Kathonda. We interacted with the in charge, Mr. Shukla and workers, who explained how the waste was collected from different hospitals & nursing homes in color coded plastic bags and how all the procedures were carried out.

We also visited different sections of the plant.

We also learned about the pre-disposal measures taken before land filling.

Introduction

According to biomedical waste (managing &handling) rules, 1998 India, “Bio-medical waste” means any waste, which is generated during the diagnosis, treatment/ immunization of human-beings/ animals, or in research actives pertaining thereto of in the production or testing of biologicals.

Biomedical waste

Government/private hospitals Nursing homes Physician/dentist office or clinic Dispensaries Primary health care centers Medical research and training

centers Animal/slaughter houses Labs/research organizations Vaccinating centers Bio tech institutions/production

units

Sources:

Segregation

Old –The process of burning, setting

fire to or destroying New –An engineered process using

controlled flame combustion to thermally degrade waste materials

Definition

ROTARY KILN FLUIDIZED BED LIQUID INJECTION MULTIPLE HEARTH CATALYTIC COMBUSTION WASTE-GAS FLARE DIRECT-FLAME

Types of Incinerators

We observed the double chambered direct flame type of incinerator which is adequate for combustion of all infective waste but the disadvantage is that there is incomplete combustion of Cytotoxic wastes.

Waste pre-treatment - pre-heating, autoclaving & shredding

Waste loading systems – conveyors, hoppers, sprayers, manual, etc.

Burner management system Combustion chambers Air pollution control device Ash and slough disposal

INCINERATION SYSTEMCOMPONENTS

Schematic representation

This consists in sorting, separation, size reduction and sieving technologies in varying configurations to achieve a mechanical separation of waste fractions into potentially useful products and/or streams suitable for biological processing.

We saw a shredder and a segregating unit for such type of treatment.

Also the plastics and glass wares were subjected to autoclaving before shredding.

Waste pre-treatment

Shredder

Autoclave

Shredded hospital plastic wastes

The waste loading was manually done in the plant.

In bigger plants is carried out by conveyors, hoppers or sprayers.

Waste loading

The chamber’s base had burners which were fueled by diesel.

Burner management system

Combustion chamber (Temp-700o C)

Air pollution control device

Collection of toxic emissions from the combustion chamber

Emissions treated with purified water

Slough comes to the surface of water

Slough is separated

Water resent to treatment tanks with alum, jaggery & cattle

excreta.

Emission collection chamber (Temp-1085oC)

Scrubber (Variable temperature)

Slough accumulation & collection

The residues from the combustion chamber and the (dried) slough in collected and sent to Indore, for land filling.

Ash & slough disposal

Purification of water for reuse

The industry visit was a great learning experience where we could see and understand the step by step processes well.

Conclusion