Incertidumbre y Error Aleatorio Ingles
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Chapter 2 Uncertainty and Random Error Learning Objectives To appreciate different statistical descriptions of uncertainty. To describe uncertainty i n appropriate mathematical formats. To calculate the effect of combining uncertainties. 2.1 Introduction The concept of uncertainty, as being an estimation of possible error, has been introduced in Section 1.4, with errors being categorized as either random (impre- cision) or systematic (bias). In this present chapter we look only at the treatment of random errors and their estimation through uncertainty. Where possible, the effect of systematic errors should be randomized and then quantified by making appropriate replicate measurements. For example, the bias present in individual laboratories can be uncovered by collaborative (replicate) trials (see Section 4.2.1) across several laboratories. The reader is referred to the references at the end of the chapter to provide the background to some of the topics introduced. 2.2 Probability Distribution of Errors When the wavelength accuracy of a spectrophotometer is quoted as f .5 nm, what is the probability that the error could be 0.6 nm? Errors can be classified on the basis of their expected probability distribufion around the true value. The two distributions that are used most commonly are the normal distribution and the rectangular distribution (Figure 2.1). nalytical Techniques in the Sciences dited by Graham Curre11 Copyright © 2000 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd.
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Transcript of Incertidumbre y Error Aleatorio Ingles
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