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The Geoff Thom Bridge 2 The Terminus Hotel 3 The Human Body is Weird! 7 Tuberculosis 8 Gold Fever! 10

The Kookaburra 12

Australian Slang N,O & P 14

Belmont Common 16

Biomimetics 18

Michael Jordon 20 A Coat of Arms 22 The Manifold Brothers 24 Jim Henson 26 Recipe—Ratatouille 28 Word Search— Colours 29 Banknotes: David Malangi 30 150 Years Ago 31 Then… & Now 32

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The Geelong Ring Road, which allows motorists to slip past the congestion in the city, passes over two rivers—the Moorabool River and the Barwon River. The longer bridge over the Moorabool has been named the Lewis Bandt Bridge, after the well-known Geelong inventor of the Ford ute. Heading further south, the motorist then crosses the Geoff Thom Bridge over the Barwon. But who was Geoff Thom?

Geoffrey Walter Thom was born in Geelong West on April 28, 1910 to a baker and his wife. The family lived in various locations around Victoria before settling back in Geelong, where Geoff attended the Geelong Junior Technical School. He eventually qualified as an accountant, working first with Ford before setting up his own practice.

Geoff married his wife Doris on April 13, 1935. During World War II he saw military service in New Guinea. Returning to Geelong, he became a member of numerous local committees and an active member of the Ashby Methodist Church, as well as being a Rotarian and sportsman. From 1946 until 1958, he was a Geelong West councillor, serving as mayor from 1955-1957.

Following on from his stint in council he was an elected member of the Victorian Legislative Council from 1958 until 1970, serving as whip for the state Liberal Party in the mid-1960s under the government of Sir Henry Bolte. In the 1960s, during Thom's time as an MLC, the idea of a ring road to carry traffic around Geelong was first tabled. He was a strong supporter of plan, lobbying parliament to get the project up and running.

Forty years later, construction on the Ring Road started in stages. When it came time to find a name for the 110m long double- span bridge a competition was organised through the Geelong Advertiser. On October 22, 2009 the winner was declared to be Geoff Thom, in recognition of his long community service and early efforts to get the Ring Road built.

The river at this point has a rural feel to it, despite the traffic noise from the bridge overhead. The river banks are scattered with a few eucalypts and long grass, which can make exploration

in warmer weather unsettling, with snakes commonly found in the area.

Since 2007 there have been long term plans to extend the walking track from Baum's Weir the extra 600 metres required to reach the new bridge. This would make it possible to walk along river trails from Belmont Common all the way through the City, Newtown and Belmont, past Buckley Falls and the abandoned paper mill and out into rural areas—a very pleasant stroll on a sunny day.

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To enter the city centre of Geelong via Melbourne Road, a motorist passes under the Telegraph Bridge and then veers off to the left into Mercer Street. Before reaching the Police Station and Johnstone Park, an old, well-preserved building graces the right-hand corner of Brougham Street. The Terminus Hotel is one of Geelong’s oldest buildings, standing like a sentinel over the city,

along with it’s people and history. Let me tell you her story. . .

Prominent pastoralist Thomas Austin owned the land in Mercer Street, along with four other Crown Allotments adjoining to the north in the 1850s. Directly to the west was St Paul's Anglican Church, along with its church-run school and parsonage. Fortunately, a reserve for the construction of the Geelong to Melbourne Railway Line separated the proposed Terminus Hotel from its ecclesiastical counterpart, since both took strong opposing views on the sale and consumption of alcohol in the town.

In 1853, Austin sold the land to Alfred Gilbert and Edwin Hooperon for ₤500 to build a hotel. It was a huge sum for those days, but the position adjacent to the railway station ensured a healthy hotel business for many decades to come. Geelong architects, Snell and Kawerau, who were also involved in designing the Geelong Railway Station, called for tenders for the hotel's construction which began in 1853. Work on the railway station and tracks heading north toward Melbourne began on September 20 that same year.

The Terminus, like other Geelong hotels built during the gold era were all substantial buildings, even by Melbourne standards. The wedge-shaped, 3-story high brick building contained 46 bedrooms along with 18 other rooms, including a 30m x 7m (96’ x 23’) ballroom. It was sumptuously furnished, and fitted up in the grand style of the best New York hotels of the time. Mr. F. T. Honey, a member of the Geelong Britain Architectural Association was responsible for all the internals fittings, and with great pride publicized his finished product in the illustrated weekly magazine for architects in London, The Builder. Accomplishing all this grand work, while dealing with a labour shortage (most working men were at the goldfields in Ballarat) took time.

While the ground and upper floors were richly furnished, the basement, where most of the servant’s work was done, is another story. Down a narrow service

The Terminus Hotel in 1861

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stairway was the kitchen. Cooking equipment had to be imported from England at huge cost. (Twenty-two years later a famous Andrews Nonpareil Stove, the first Australian-made stove designed by Geelong bricklayer Charles Andrews in 1877 was installed. It is still there today.)

A little known fact is that the hotel was origi-nally built with holding cells in the basement next to the kitchen. Until the Geelong Goal was completed in 1864 there was nowhere to hold women prisoners awaiting trial, along with the criminally insane. A number of cells housed these women until their court appearance decided a more permanent outcome for them.

Getting the prisoners into and out of the hotel without disturbing patrons required another ingenious solution. A tunnel was dug from the shoreline 400m away, under existing roads and houses, entering the basement beside the cells. Ships would ferry prisoners to the Geelong wharf, before guards escorted them along the tunnel, into the Terminus basement before placing them under lock and key. (The entrance to the tunnel was bricked up, and the tunnel mostly filled in when ground services—storm water, water, sewerage, and natural gas were installed in the neighbourhood. No doubt, at times noise from the basement would have disturbed patrons sleeping above them, and hotel managers, including the current owner still report that the basement is haunted.)

Finally, with much fanfare the Terminus Hotel opened in July 1855.

Meanwhile, convict labour was slowly building the railway line northward. By October 1856 the line had opened as far as Duck Ponds (Lara), but it would take until June 1857 before a train service went all the way to Melbourne

(Williamstown terminus). Thus, although named the Terminus Hotel, the hotel could not boast a location at the railway’s end until 1857*. Despite this, the hotel was still on the main horse-drawn coach route and was a booking office for Cobb & Co.'s Telegraph Line coaches.

Charles Fassert, the first licensee, adver-tised that he had previously spent some 15 years managing large hotels in Europe, Britain and America. But his stay in charge

*The extension of the railway line to South Geelong, and on to Warrnambool did not begin until 1874.

This photo taken from the top corner window of the Terminus Hotel in the 1870’s shows Mercer

Street turning into Malop Street.

One of the holding cells in the basement of the Terminus Hotel. Only a small barred opening at

street level let in sunlight and fresh air (noticeable in photos of the outside of the building.

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of the Terminus was brief. Within a few years it became known as Bedford's and Hooper's Terminus Hotel.

What was it like staying at the Terminus? The future mayor of Liverpool, Sir William Forwood, stayed there in 1857, the year the railway opened. He wrote:

“We found our hotel at the extreme end of town, a large brick building and were shown our bedroom [without] mosquito curtains, but as the chamber maid insisted that there were no mosquitos in the house we pacified ourselves....”

Forwood and companion ended up wrapped in their sheets from head to toe, to avoid the troublesome insects. Yet, despite a shaky start, business at the Terminus Hotel prospered.

The early illustration of the hotel (at the beginning of this article) shows how little has changed in the past 150 years (compare recent photo on next page). James Bedford ran the hotel only briefly, before dying on June 1, 1865, aged 38. His widow Mary continued in his place up until 1891. When William Sheehan took over from her on June 4 that year the Terminus Hotel was described as “one of the best in Geelong.”

Over the years a number of newsworthy events were reported in the local papers in relation to the Terminus Hotel. For example, when the hotel was first built, no fences marked the boundary between the hotel and railway station. At 9 o’clock in the morning on August 6, 1857 Mr. Marchant, an innkeeper from near Steiglitz, was in a hurry to cross over the tracks after racing from the Terminus Hotel, to catch his train heading to Melbourne. The train was pulling into the station as Mr. Marchant tried to clamber up onto the platform. Seeing the disaster about to unfold, the engine-driver blew his whistle to no avail. The unfortunate Jewish man, most likely suffering the affects of a heavy night at the Terminus, was dragged under the first two carriages and died instantly.

Terminus Hotel St Paul’s Church

Railway Station

Johnstone Park Malop Street

View of Mercer Street from the Bank of Australasia, looking toward the Terminus Hotel in 1880.

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On May 21, 1891 a fire broke out in the billiard room at the Terminus. It quickly spread to the upper floors and the servants quarters. One of the maids, Ivy Nelson had to be rescued from the flames by other hotel borders. The fire damage was soon repaired.

In 1908 a legal precedent, based on events at the Terminus Hotel went all the way to the High Court of Australia. On Sunday, January 26 that year, James Grierson, along with two mates entered the Terminus and asked for a drink, despite state laws banning the sale of alcohol on Sundays. The hotel landlord refused, stating “no chance whatever.” The men were later arrested by the police and fined £1 each by the Geelong magistrate for being on the premises for an unlawful purpose, while not being a lodger, traveller, or servant of the hotel. James Grierson appealed his fine, stating that he had not actually committed a crime, since no alcohol had been served him. The law forbade being served an alcoholic drink, he argued; it did not forbid asking for one.

The Chief Justice of Victoria quashed the fines, stating the law does not forbid a drinker from entering a hotel on a Sunday. The case dragged on through the legal system until October, when the High Court of Australia found in favour of the original Geelong Magistrate, and Grierson was compelled to pay his fine.

Over the years, a number of births and deaths on the premises were recorded in local newspapers, and light-fingered thieves were a regular curse for the licensee. From the mid-twentieth century onwards the seedier side of life was connected with the hotel. Eventually the building was sold and converted into a Men’s Club which advertised striptease shows. The local bikie groups frequented the club, which brought the attention of the police on a number of occasions. Plans to expand the business were quashed in a howl of protest from shocked Geelong residents. To the relief of locals, the building was then sold and the top two floors were remodelled into self-contained private apartments, accessed from the newly built apartment block behind the hotel. The street level and basement now contain a shop—Antiques & Collectables on Mercer, with many of the artefacts of historical interest themselves.

The Terminus Hotel remains of architectural, historical and social significance to Geelong. The building, believed to be the first of Geelong's distinctive round-cornered hotels is a survivor among the substantial hotels of the gold rush era.

The building in 2013—no longer a hotel, but Antiques and Collectables on Mercer.

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Weird Facts About the Human Body

Even though it processes pain signals, the brain itself does not feel pain.

Instead of being relatively solid, your brain is 80% water. This means that, for the sake of your mind, it is important that you remain properly hydrated.

Your brain comes out to play at night. You’d think that your brain is more active during the day, when the rest of your body is, but its not. Your brain is more active when you sleep.

Adrenaline gives you super strength. Yes, with the proper response in certain situations, you really can lift a car.

Your hearing decreases when you overeat. So consider eating healthy—and only until you are full.

Babies always have blue eyes when they are born: Melanin and exposure to ultraviolet light are needed to bring out the true colour of babies eyes.

Throughout your life, the amount of saliva released into your mouth could fill two swimming pools.

A sneeze can exceed 160kph. Trying to suppress it could cause damage to other parts of your body.

You are taller in the morning. Throughout the day, the cartilage between your bones is compressed, making you about 1cm shorter by days end.

Size for size, the tongue is the strongest muscle in the human body.

You can’t tickle yourself. Go ahead, try. Nope, doesn’t work!

The focusing muscles of the eyes move around 100,000 times a day. To give your leg muscles the same workout, you would need to walk 80km.

In 30 minutes, the average body gives off enough heat to boil 2 litres of water.

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A respiratory disease caused by Mycobac-terium tuberculosis

One-third of humanity is infected with tuberculosis (TB)

5–10% of infected individuals develop active TB at some point after infection

About 2 million people die from TB each year

In HIV-infected individuals, TB is the leading cause of death

In about 80% of infections, the bacteria affect the lungs, but in principle every organ can be attacked.

Humans are the only reservoir for M. tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis is spread through the air. Individuals with acute pulmonary TB expel bacteria when coughing, sneezing or speaking. Depending on the environmental conditions, the pathogen can survive for several hours in the air. To be infected, a person needs to inhale only a small number of bacteria. But to be infected doesn’t necessarily mean to be sick. People can carry M. tuberculosis for years without developing tuberculosis. This is called "latent TB".

Once the immune system is weakened (e.g. by another disease), the carrier can become sick. Between 5—10% of infected individuals develop active TB at some point in their life, the majority within the first 2 years of infection. They show TB symptoms and become infectious, capable of spreading M. tuberculosis to others.

The first symptoms of TB are unspecific, includ-ing fatigue, loss of appetite, fever, unexplained weight loss and night sweats. Coughing for more than 3 weeks, coughing up blood and chest pain are symptoms of a pulmonary TB infection.

A combination therapy comprised of several tuberculosis drugs that need to be taken for at least 6 months is commonly used to treat active tuberculosis. After 2–3 weeks of treatment, the infected person is usually no longer able to spread the bacteria to others. The drugs need to be taken regularly and exactly as prescribed. If not taken correctly or for the required period, M. tuberculosis can develop drug resistance.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), M. tuberculosis resistant to a single drug have been documented in every country surveyed. What’s more, multi-drug-resistance is on the rise, especially in the states of the former Soviet

Left untreated, each person with active TB disease will infect on average between 10 and 15 people every year.

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Union. Treatment of drug-resistant TB is possible but requires longer treatment with more expensive drugs.

Drug-resistant bacteria emerge when patients stop their treatment prematurely or when doctors prescribe the wrong treatment. In remote areas in developing countries, securing a constant supply of TB drugs is a challenge to health care workers and often hampers correct treatment.

Vaccination The most common vaccination for TB is composed of a live, less virulent strain of the TB bacteria. It is mainly used in countries with a high incidence of the disease, where it remains the standard to prevent the TB threat in infants and young children. However, its effectiveness is highly debated among experts. Study results vary greatly, from showing optimal protection to showing no protection at all. Efforts are underway to develop a better vaccine, and several are currently being tested.

One-third of the world’s population - about two billion people - are infected with tuberculosis. According to a recent WHO report on global tuberculosis, in 2011 there were 8.7 million new cases of TB and 1.4 million deaths (this includes 430,000 deaths among people who were HIV-positive). The vast majority of deaths from TB (over 95 %) are in the developing world. Worldwide, mortality from TB has fallen by 41 percent since 1990. Despite this progress, the global burden of TB remains enormous.

A public health poster from 1919, distributed in the USA

TB figures for 2011

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On March 2, 1851 the Victorian Colonial Government conducted a population census, similar to the same procedure we follow every five years in our day.

According to that census, Geelong had 4,374 males, and 3,786 females, free citizens living in the town. Also in Geelong were 115 men and 14 women described as “other free persons,” those travelling through the town on the day of the census. An additional one male holding a ticket of leave*, and one male prisoner in Government employ were also counted—a total of 8,291 people in the town. But soon that was all to change!

From as early as January 1851 prospectors had started finding gold at such locations as Clunes, Warrandyte and Creswick. However, the details and precise locations were kept secret. On August 8, 1851 though, in a gully among the hills at Buninyong near Ballarat, Thomas Hiscock discovered a sizable gold deposit. Two days later he announced his find, along with its exact location to the editor of the Geelong Advertiser.

Within a few weeks a trickle, then a flood of fortune seekers headed north to the goldfields. Six weeks after the initial discovery the Geelong Advertiser described the profound change that had taken place in Geelong as a result of the Gold Rush:

“The Gold mania has now been raging in Geelong for three weeks. The broken and disagreeable weather which prevailed until the last three days, has acted only as a slight discouragement, and the wretched state of the roads, which but for the ardour of the gold-seekers, would have been declared impassable, has had very little effect in restraining the impatience of adventurers.

During the last three days, the migration of our townspeople has been quite alarming. The streets have been thronged with baggage-waggons, as if Geelong were an encampment, and the forces had “got the route.” Ordinary occupations are almost universally abandoned. The people in the streets are either actually starting for the diggings, or making preparations for doing so. Those who, from their engagements, are unable to go at once, seem unhinged, and incapable of

Thomas Hiscock—credited with starting the Victorian

Gold Rush at Ballarat in 1851.

*Ticket of Leave: a prisoner on parole.

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attending to their business.

The owners of buildings in course of erection have their workers continually on the move. Three or four sets of hands, when they can be procured, follow each other in the course of a week. Painters put on the first coat, and then vanish. Plasterers mix their mortar, get impatient, and throw away their trowels. Brick-layers fix their scaffolding, turn giddy with the thoughts of the gold, and descend. Stonemasons adjust their work, handle their tools for an hour or two, and then put on their coat and start. Carpenters cannot even keep at work making cradles, although more profitable than digging. Gold is to be had DIRECTLY; and no-one can have the patience to seek it INDIRECTLY.

In some of the suburban villages the male population has almost completely disappeared. The proportion of the sexes is reversed. Women and children are the only representatives of whole streets of families. The licensed victuallers* are off almost in a body. Fabulous sums are quoted as the prices of loads of wood and water. Lightermen^ demand a pound a day. The shops of general dealers are here and there shut up.

The steamers bring passen-gers at a rate of seventy a-day, but as these all start immediately for the diggings they are of no avail in replenishing the population. Staid, plodding citizens, and retired capitalists cannot resist the infection, and saddle their horses, and are off “just to have a peep.”

How long we shall be able to bring out the “Daily Advertis-er” and the sixteen-page Intelligencer twice a week, is hard to tell. One of our compositors, went to have a look at the diggings, and returned in four days with a four ounce nugget and two ounces in dust (dust as large as split peas.)#

Should the worst come to the worst we have a little press that we can pack in a wheelbarrow, and with that can “go the way of all flesh,”—to the Ballarat Diggings.” Geelong Advertiser Friday September 26, 1851 p.2

*Victualler: A person who supplies food, beverages, and other goods for the crews of ships. ^Lightermen: Workers who transferred goods between ships and the quay or jetty, usually using

flat-bottomed small boats. # Today valued at about $8,000

An early sketch of the diggings in Ballarat

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The Laughing Kookaburra, one of four Kookaburra species, is instantly recognisable in both plumage and voice. It is generally off-white below, faintly barred with dark brown, and brown on the back and wings. The tail is more reddish-brown, broadly barred with black. There is a conspicuous dark brown eye-stripe through the face. It is one of the larger members of the kingfisher family.

Where does it live? Laughing Kookaburras are found throughout eastern Australia. They have been introduced to Tasmania, the extreme south-west of Western Australia, and New Zealand. Laughing Kookaburras live in woodlands and open forests. They do not need free water to exist and occur in almost any part of eastern Australia with trees big enough to contain their nests and open patches sufficient to provide hunting grounds. It is replaced by the Blue-winged Kookaburra in central northern and north-western Australia, with some overlap in Queensland.

Feeding: Laughing Kookaburras feed mostly on insects, worms and crustaceans, although small snakes, mammals, frogs and birds may also be eaten. Prey is seized by pouncing from a suitable perch. Small prey is eaten whole, but larger prey is killed by bashing it against the ground or a tree branch.

Breeding: Laughing Kookaburras are believed to pair for life. The nest is a bare chamber in a naturally occurring tree hollow or in a burrow excavated in an arboreal (tree-dwelling) termite mound. Both sexes share the incubation duties and both care for the young. Instead of being forced out of the territories on reaching maturity, most young stay to help parents defend the boundaries and rear/protect further offspring. Other Laughing Kookaburras, usually offspring from the previous two years of breeding, act as 'helpers' during the breeding season. Every bird in the group shares all parenting duties.

The call: The name "Laughing Kookaburra" refers to the bird's "laugh", which it uses to establish territory amongst family groups. It can be

The Laughing Kookaburra is not really laughing when it makes its familiar call. The cackle of the Laughing Kookaburra is actually a territorial call to warn other birds to stay away.

The Laughing Kookaburra, was previously known as the Laughing Jackass or Giant Kingfisher.

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heard at any time of day, but most frequently shortly after dawn and after sunset at dusk.

One bird starts with a low, hiccupping chuckle, then throws its head back in raucous laughter, often with several others joining in. If a rival tribe is within earshot and replies, the whole family soon gathers to fill the bush with ringing laughter.

The range of the Laughing Kookaburra

The Kookaburra Song Kookaburra sits in the old gum tree Merry, merry king of the bush is he Laugh, Kookaburra! Laugh, Kookaburra! Gay your life must be

Kookaburra sits in the old gum tree Eating all the gum drops he can see Stop, Kookaburra! Stop, Kookaburra! Leave some there for me

Kookaburra sits in the old gum tree Counting all the monkeys he can see Stop, Kookaburra! Stop, Kookaburra! That's not a monkey that's me

Kookaburra sits on a rusty nail Gets a boo-boo in his tail Cry, Kookaburra! Cry, kookaburra! Oh how life can be

Many Australians will remember learning the Kookaburra Song at School. Marion Sinclair was a music teacher at Toorak College, in Melbourne. In 1920, she began working with the school's Girl Guides company. One Sunday morning in 1932, Sinclair had a sudden inspiration in church and dashed home to write down the words to "Kookaburra". In 1934 she entered the song into a competition run by the Girl Guides Association of Victoria, with the rights of the winning song to be sold to raise money for the purchase of a camping ground. The song was performed for the first time in 1934 at the annual Jamboree at Frankston. Today the popular song is performed by Girl Guides around the world.

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“No-hoper”- incompetent person; social misfit

“Nosh-up” - a good meal

“Nick off”- to go away; Expression meaning “lose yourself!”

“Nifty”- stylish; clever; or

alternatively, shrewd to the

point of dishonesty

“Nick”- to steal

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“Outback”- the inland country far away from large cities

“Ocker”- the archetypal uncultivated Australian male

“Prang”- a minor car accident

“Prawn”- shrimp

“Pot of beer”- 285ml (a “one pot screamer” is someone who gets drunk off very little alcohol)

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Belmont Common is the name given to the flat ground on the southern side of the Barwon River—today a hive of activity.

On weekends, the many sporting ovals are alive with cricket and football. And then there are the motor-cross and BMX tracks, the Target Rifle Club at the rifle range, the Geelong Obedience Dog Club, and the Geelong & District Riding Club. On Sundays, a market at the Barwon Valley Activity Centre attracts the crowds. Nearby, golfers enjoy a game in the picturesque surroundings of the Barwon Valley course.

While it is often an active place, visitors can take a relaxing stroll along the river's banks to enjoy the wetlands' tranquillity and the riverside scenery. Over 120 different bird species flock to its Jerringot Wetlands, including the internationally significant Latham’s Snipe, which flies 20,000km from Japan to south eastern Australia and can be found in good numbers during spring and summer.

The common has an interesting history. Birds of another feather were once housed there when part of the common was used as an aerodrome. The first person to fly from the Common was Hans Anderson, a garage owner who flew his home-made biplane until he crashed the plane at Lovely Banks nearby.

New Zealand pioneer aviator Charles Pratt, along with his brother Percy, leased the common in 1919 and established the aerodrome. In the 1920’s the brothers erected a large hangar and workshops, from which they taught gliding and flying, overhauled airplanes, and practised aerial photography.

In 1928, 10,000 Geelong residents turned up at the aerodrome to welcome famous Australian aviator Bert Hinkler who had just completed a 16-day England-Australia flight. The mayor of Geelong, Thomas Walls, greeted him with a gift of £137 and a gold medallion with the city’s coat of arms. Swamped by avid fans wanting his autograph, Hinkler announced he would only sign his name if the autograph hunter donated 5s. (50c) The Pratt Brothers hangar on

Belmont Common in 1922.

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to the Geelong Hospital. This did not stop the rush. He later made an inspection of the aircraft factory on the common.

Since aviation was still in it’s experimental stage, accidents were common, and the Geelong aerodrome was not immune. On January 27, 1931 two pilots, Jack Pauldon and Eric Morris, were killed while practising a nose dive in their Moth aeroplane. The aircraft was completely destroyed.

Percy Pratt established the Geelong Gliding Club in 1929 which still exists today at Bacchus Marsh. On August 4, 1937 Percy took off from the Belmont Common and completed the longest towed glider flight in Australia up to that time.

During the Second World War, the government took over the aerodrome, and Pratt along with his aircraft, went on to train Royal Australian Air Force pilots. The common aerodrome remained until the early 1950’s when a series of large

floods, reportedly deep enough to reach the wings of the aircraft, highlighted that the location beside the river was not the most practical for operating expensive aircraft.

A narrow gauge tourist railway took over on the Belmont Common from 1969 to 1976. Operated by the Australian Railway Historical Society's Geelong division under the Geelong Steam Preservation Society name, the railway started with 30m (100 feet) of track and two steam locomotives which were once used on the Geelong Cement Railway at Fyansford.

Further rolling stock was acquired throughout the 1970s, with plans were drawn up for track extensions though the Common,

and all the way along the Barwon River to Buckley’s Falls. However, the railway suffered from the same problem as the aerodrome—with regular flooding of the Barwon River during the mid-1970s dampening enthusiasm. In addition, the construction of the Princes Highway bypass of Belmont cut the existing railway line in half. It was time to relocate.

The closure of the Victorian Railway's Geelong-Queenscliff line presented an opportunity for the society. In 1976 the Australian Railway Historical Society moved to Queenscliff where it now operates as the Bellarine Peninsula Railway.

With so much to see and do on Belmont Common, the next time you have a day off, why not go down for a stroll, join an activity club, or simply pick up a bargain at the market next Sunday.

Aviator Bert Hinkler

The Australian Railway Historical Society provided train rides across Belmont

Common during the early 1970’s.

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Biomimetic refers to human-made processes, substances, devices, or systems that try to copy what is discovered in nature. All living creatures are beautifully designed with intriguing abilities that scientists intensely study, to see if humans can benefit by imitating them in some ways.

Let’s look at some examples:

Flying in V-Formation Experiments uncovered fuel efficiencies in air travel simply by arranging aircraft in a V-formation that mimics migrating birds.

Velcro

A famous example of biomimetics was the invention of Velcro brand fasteners. In 1941 Swiss engineer George de Mestral took the idea from the burrs that stuck tenaciously to his dog's hair. Under the microscope he noted the tiny hooks on the end of the burr's spines that caught anything with a loop - such as clothing, hair or animal fur.

The 2-part Velcro fastener system uses strips or patches of a hooked material opposite strips or patches of a loose-looped weave of nylon that holds the hooks.

Air Conditioning

Termite mounds have been called marvels of engineering. These imposing structures, made of soil and saliva, can stand as high as 6m. Their 45cm walls are baked by the sun until they are as hard as concrete.

The outside temperature can fluctuate from about 2°C at night to over 38°C during the day. Yet, the temperature inside the mound remains constant at 31°C. Termites open and close holes in the mound to adjust the temperature as needed.

Buildings have been constructed using similar technology that uses only 10% of the energy to control temperature, compared with other buildings the same size.

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Bullet Trains Japanese bullet trains travel up to 320 km/h. During testing, it was noted that as they emerged from tunnels a loud clap of noise would startle people living nearby. Seeking a solution engineers looked at the kingfisher, which dives seamlessly into water. A nosecone designed in a similar shape to the bird's beak now helps the trains run quietly.

Colourful Butterflies The metallic colours on the wings of some butterflies change depending on the angle from which they are viewed. The wing colour of one species is so intense that it can be seen from 800m away. It took ten years for researchers to produce a simplified replica of the butter-fly’s wing surface. Such technology, they hope, will lead to bank notes and credit cards that are harder to forge and solar cells that are more efficient at collecting energy from the sun.

Worm Glue The sandcastle worm makes its tubular underwater home out of particles of sand and shell. Each particle is bonded to the next with a dab of glue that is made by a gland in the worm’s thorax. This glue is superior to currently used man-made adhesives. Researchers

have made synthetic versions of the sandcastle worm’s glue that are used in operating rooms to help mend broken bones. The glue is designed to dissolve as the bone heals.

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Michael Jordan is considered by many to be the greatest basketball player of all time. He dominated the sport from the mid-1980’s to the late 1990’s, leading the Chicago Bulls to six national championships. Jordan earned the National Basketball Association's Most Valuable Player Award five times.

Born the fourth of five children on February 17, 1963, in Brooklyn, New York, Jordon grew up in Wilmington,

North Carolina. His father James noted that from an early age he developed an extremely competitive nature. Jordan enrolled at the University of North Carolina in 1981 where his basketball skills were soon turning heads. At age 19, his team won the NCAA Division I championships in 1982 with Jordan scoring the final basket needed to defeat Georgetown University. He was also singled out as the NCAA College Player of the Year in 1983 and in 1984. In Los Angeles during the summer of 1984, Jordan made his first appearance at the Olympic Games as a member of the gold-medal winning U.S.A basketball team. He also won gold at the 1992 Olympic Games, held in Barcelona, Spain.

Drafted by the Chicago Bulls at the start of the 1984-85 season, he soon proved himself on the court. He helped the team make it to the playoffs and scored an average of 28.2 points per game that season. For his efforts, Jordan received the NBA Rookie of the Year Award and was selected for the All-Star Game.

In 1985-86, he finished his bachelor's degree in geography while continuing to play basketball professionally. Unfortunately his second season was marred by injury. However, during the 1986-1987 season the 198cm (6’6”) tall player became the first player since Wilt Chamberlin to score more than 3,000 points in a single season. The following season, Jordan received his first Most Valuable Player Award from NBA—an honour he would earn four more times in 1991, 1992, 1996, and 1998.

By the late 1980s, the Chicago Bulls was quickly becoming a force to be reckoned with, and Jordan was an instrumental part of the team's success. The Bulls made it to the Eastern Conference Finals in 1990 and won their first NBA championship the following year by defeating the Los Angeles Lakers. A rising NBA superstar, Jordan became known for his power and agility on the court as well as for his leadership abilities. He eventually landed several endorsement deals with such companies as Nike, which further pushed him into the spotlight.

In 1992, the Chicago Bulls beat the Portland Trail Blazers to win their second NBA championship title. The team took their third championship the following year, dominating the basketball world. However, tragedy was soon to strike. While

21

returning from a funeral, Michael’s father James Jordan, pulled into a rest stop to take a nap. Two teenagers shot him dead while he slept in his car and then stole the vehicle. Mourning his father’s death, and in a move that shocked many, Michael Jordan decided to retire from basketball to pursue baseball. He played for a minor league team, the Birmingham Barons, as an outfielder for a year.

In March 1995, Jordan re-joined the Chicago Bulls and eventually helped them win the championship against the Seattle Sonics in the 1995-96 season. That same year, Jordan made a big splash in another arena—film—as the star of Space Jam (1996). The film mixed live action and animation and paired Jordan with cartoon legends Bugs Bunny and Daffy Duck on screen.

The following season Jordan came back even stronger, averaging 30.4 points in 82 games that season, winning the NBA Finals against the Utah Jazz, repeating the championship win against Utah the next season as well.

Retiring after the 1997-98 season, Jordan joined the Washington Wizards as a part owner and as president of basketball operations. In the fall of 2001, Jordan, now aged 38, returned to the court and played for the Wizards for more two seasons before hanging up his jersey for good in 2003.

In 2006 Jordan ended his 17-year marriage to wife Juanita. Juanita received a $168 million settlement, making it the largest celebrity divorce settlement in history up to that time. They had three children during the course of their marriage: Jeffrey, Marcus and Jasmine. His eldest son Jeffrey, has followed in his father’s footsteps making the basketball team at the University of Illinois in 2007.

While he may not be playing on the court, Jordan remains active in his sport. He became the majority owner of the Charlotte Bobcats in 2010 and serves as the team's chairman. Outside of his work with the Bobcats, Jordan is involved in a number of business ventures, including several restaurants. He also does a lot for charity, including hosting the annual golf event known as the Michael Jordan Celebrity Invitational.

More recently, on April 27, 2013, 50-year-old Jordan married 35-year-old Cuban-American model Yvette Prieto in Palm Beach, Florida. The couple live in a 5,200m2 (56,000ft2) mansion in Highland Park, a northern suburb of Chicago, Illinois. His personal wealth is valued at over $500 million and he still earned about $80 million last year.

Michael Jordan remains the most decorated player in basketball history.

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The most common visual forms of identification used today are flags (for nationality) and logos (for corporate identity). Thus, something uniquely Australian would perhaps be associated with the Australian flag, while the brand logos for Nike, Ford, Coca-Cola and Shell Petroleum to name a few, are instantly recognised worldwide. However, both flags and logos can trace their backgrounds to ancient heraldry, and the coat of arms.

The first evidence of medieval coats of arms is found in the Bayeux Tapestry from the 11th Century, where some of the combatants carry shields painted with crosses. Coats of arms came into general use by feudal lords and knights in battle in the 12th Century. By the 13th Century arms had spread beyond their initial battlefield use to become a kind of flag or logo for families in the higher social classes of Europe.

While a coat of arms could be passed from one generation to the next, the imagery was closely protected. In England no two living people were allowed to have the same coat of arms, although close family could have similar designs on their coat of arms to those related to them. One of the reasons for this was that the coat of arms came to be used on legal documents, establishing the identity of the writer.

Exactly who had a right to use coats of arms, by law or social convention, varied to some degree between countries. In German-speaking regions both the aristocracy and burghers used arms, while in most of the rest of Europe they were limited to the aristocracy. The use of arms eventually spread to Church clergy, to towns, and to royally-chartered organizations such as universities and trading companies. In the 21st century, coats of arms are still in use by a variety of institutions and individuals. Many have guidelines on how their coats of arms may be used, and they protect their use in a similar way to the use of trademarks.

The Australian coat of arms pictures native Australian animals—the red kangaroo and the emu. It is thought the kangaroo and emu were chosen to symbolise a nation moving forward, reflecting a common belief that neither animal can move backwards easily.

The first official coat of arms of Australia was granted by a Royal Warrant of King Edward VII in 1908. This coat of arms was used on some Australian coins even after it was superseded in

The Australian Coat of Arms

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1912, and last appeared on the sixpenny piece in 1966. Usually the arms are depicted on a background of sprays of golden wattle with a scroll beneath it containing the word ‘Australia’. The wattle and scroll, however, are not part of the armorial design and are not mentioned in the Royal Warrant.

The Australian Government uses the coat of arms to authenticate documents (like passports) and for other official purposes. The use of the coat of arms by private citizens or organisations is rarely permitted by the Australian Government, and doing so would contravene laws relating to misrepresentation, forgery or trademark infringement.

The sheep, wheat and grapes as

symbols of local industries

The Unicorn of Scotland:

symbolizing the country where many Geelong

citizens immigrated from.

Converting the Lion and Unicorn into sea

creatures makes reference to Geelong

being a seaport.

The stag's head is taken from the Scottish family of Thomson to perpetuate the

memory of Geelong's first mayor, Dr Alexander Thomson

The Lion of England: Symbolizing the source of most

Geelong citizens, and the city’s link

to the British Crown

The Geelong Coat Of Arms The arms were granted on March 18, 1981.

The city’s motto makes reference to the community’s Christian heritage, and their

combined responsibility before God.

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(As recorded in the Camperdown Chronicle Thursday August 30, 1934 p.4)

“For sustained effort extending from the earliest days of Port Phillip settlement to the time when much of the country had reached the stage of subdivision into small farms, some of them cultivated intensively, the Manifolds rank, perhaps, in the very forefront of pioneering achievement. Thomas Manifold was the first to land sheep at Point Henry, near Geelong. He arrived in Port Phillip in February 1836. John and Peter came in July of the same year. For a time Thomas squatted at Batesford, on the Moorabool, but there was a rumour that the Sydney authorities had decided to raise revenue by the sale of the good lands near the ports, and fearing that his run might be taken from him, he determined to go farther afield.

With his brothers he set out to explore the country to the west. After a long and tedious journey round the Stony Rises they discovered the rich Camperdown country, and there they settled. Purrumbete, Mount Leura and Grasmere were the principle squatting runs of the Manifolds, who bred sheep, cattle and horses of the highest standard. At one time cattle carrying the Manifold brands roamed almost from the site of Ballarat to Warrnambool.

Although the influence of these pioneers extended widely, their energies and resources were directed almost exclusively to the welfare of the Camperdown district, which through their activities, developed into one of the most flourishing grazing, dairying and farming provinces in Australia.

If there was one characteristic of the Manifolds more than another that is remembered by old residents of the district it was their readiness to support and finance others who needed assistance. Many men who came to be established comfortably attributed their success to opportunities made available to them by these pioneers.”

Purrumbete Homestead, built by the Manifold brothers near Camperdown

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Purrumbete From Across the Lake Painting by Eugene Von Guérard in 1858 featuring the Manifold homestead.

Looking toward the west, 313m high Mount Leura can be seen in the background.

Purrumbete Homestead

Purrumbete Homestead is a unique legacy of the 19th century Manifold family farming dynasty in the Western District of Victoria.

Purrumbete (at Weerite, just east of Camperdown) was originally founded by the Manifold brothers, Thomas, John and Peter, in 1839. They eventually became among the largest landholders in Victoria, owning 100,000 acres beside Lake Purrumbete. John and Peter remained as squatters on this land until the mid-1850s when their land was converted to freehold. From their initial simple hut (1842), they built a Victorian styled house in 1857. John died in 1877, and after Peter died in 1885 the property was divided between John's sons. The homestead was later substantially extended in 1882 and again in 1901, to eventually become 208m2 (130 squares) in size.

Many outbuildings surround the homestead, including the extant house stables, coach house, carpenter’s (blacksmith’s) shop, manager’s house, men’s quarters, men’s stables and cart and cow shed, to accommodate the growing demands of the cattle, sheep and later bullock and dairy station. After the First World War, much of the Manifold family landholdings were sold for soldier settlement. Successive generations of Manifolds worked and owned Purrumbete until 1983.

In 2001 the remaining 170 hectare (420 acres) property was purchased by a couple from Timboon who ran it as a boutique bed and breakfast and reception centre, until selling in February 2013 to a Geelong family who will use it as a family home. Asking price for the property was $5.5 million.

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James Maury "Jim" Henson was an American puppeteer, screenwriter, film director and producer, best known as the creator of The Muppets.

Jim was born in Greenville, Mississippi on September 24, 1936, the younger of two boys. His parents, Paul and Betty Henson, raised their sons in Leland, Mississippi before moving to Hyattsville, Maryland, near Washington, D.C., in the late 1940s.

In 1954 while attending Northwestern High School, he began working for WTOP-TV, creating puppets for a Saturday morning children's show called The Junior Morning Show. After graduating from high school, Henson enrolled at the University of Maryland. A puppetry class offered in the applied arts department introduced him to the craft and textiles courses in the College of Home Econom-ics, and he graduated in 1960 with a B.S. in home economics. As a freshman, he had been asked to create Sam and Friends, a 5-minute puppet show for WRC-TV. The characters on Sam and Friends became forerunners of the Muppets.

Henson would remain at WRC for seven years from 1954 to 1961. Among the first of his assignments at WRC was Afternoon, a magazine show aimed at house-wives. This marked his first collaboration with Jane Nebel—the woman who later became his wife. They were married in 1959 and had five children, Lisa (1960), Cheryl (1961), Brian (1963), John (1965), and Heather (1970).

A key reason for the success of his puppets is that Jim realized he didn’t need to hide puppeteers behind a structure when they were in front of a camera. All he had to do was instruct

Jim Henson with some of his creations: “the Muppits”

Kermit the Frog

One of the main reasons why Henson preferred to use Kermit the Frog for his signature character was that he was the lightest in weight of the regular puppets and thus one of the most comfortable to use for extended periods of time.

The original Kermit the Frog was created out of his mother’s old coat and Ping-Pong balls. In the beginning Kermit was not a frog, but a lizard-like character. He gradually evolved, first appearing as Kermit the Frog in “Hey Cinderella” (1969) and has remained so ever since. Jim and Jane Henson, in the early years.

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the camera operators to focus on the puppets and keep the puppeteers out of the frame. This allowed the puppets to appear more lifelike.

Also, at a time when many puppets were made of carved wood, Henson began making characters from flexible, fabric-covered foam rubber, allowing them to express a wider array of emotions. He also used rods to move his Muppets’ arms, allowing greater control of expression. Henson wanted the Muppet characters to “speak” more creatively then was possible for previous puppets (which could only move their mouth randomly up and down), so he used precise mouth movements to match the dialogue.

Henson shot to prominence when he was approached to use his Muppets for the revolutionary educational show “Sesame Street” (1969). Part of the show was set aside for a series of funny, colourful puppet characters living on a typical city street. These included Grover, Oscar the Grouch, Bert and Ernie, and Big Bird. Henson himself performed the characters of Ernie, game-show host Guy Smiley, and Kermit, who appeared as a roving television news reporter. The show was a smash hit and his characters have become staples on public television.

In an effort to expand beyond Sesame Street, Henson eventually developed a variety show format- “The Muppet Show” -that had the type of sophisticated humour that “Sesame Street” lacked. Initially the “Muppet Show” struggled both in the ratings and in the search for guest stars, but in it’s second season it became a smash hit. Always hungry for a new challenge Henson went on to make a number of Muppet movies. His most successful TV work in the 1980’s was “Fraggle Rock”, a fantasy series specifical-ly designed to appeal to as many cultural groups as possible.

By May 2, 1990 Jim began to complain of tiredness and a sore throat. Two weeks later severe flu-like symptoms had developed. Hesitant to seek medical help, he only went to hospital after coughing up blood. He died on May 16, 1990, of organ failure resulting from a streptococcal infection. He was 53 years old. (His wife Jane, died earlier this year on April 2, 2013.)

Jim Henson remains indisputably one of the geniuses of puppetry. More importantly he was a man who achieved phenomenal success while still retaining his social conscience and artistic integrity. He delighted generations of young and old, who still remember his puppet greeting: “Hi ho, this is Kermit the Frog.”

Jim Henson and Frank Oz working on the TV show Sesame Street, with help from

Muppets, Ernie and Bert.

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Ratatouille Made famous by the Disney/Pixar animated movie of the same name, Ratatouille is simple to make, and quite delicious, as the movie’s food critic, Anton Ego delightfully confesses.

Ingredients: 4 tomatoes 3 tbsp. olive oil 1 large onion, chopped 1 red capsicum, diced 1 yellow capsicum, diced 1 eggplant, diced 1 tbsp. tomato puree 1/2 tbsp. chopped thyme 2 tbsp. fresh basil leaves 2 garlic cloves, crushed

Method: Step 1- Score a cross in the base of each tomato and plunge into a bowl of boiling water for 20 seconds. Peel the skin from the tomatoes and discard. Chop the tomato flesh into medium dice.

Step 2- Heat the oil in a frying pan over medium heat and add the onion. Cook for 2-3 minutes then add the capsicum and cook for a further 5 minutes. Transfer the onion and capsicum to a plate and set aside.

Step 3- Add the eggplant to the pan and cook over medium heat for 5-6 minutes. Return the onion and capsicum to the pan and stir in tomato puree. Add thyme and tomatoes. Reduce heat to low, cover and cook for 15 minutes, stirring occasionally. Stir in the basil and garlic.

Step 4- Serve warm either on its own or with roast meat or fish.

Recipe by Valli Little For more recipes like this one go to: www.taste.com.au

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On the old $1 banknote is:

Artwork by David Malangi

Aboriginal artist David Malangi was born in 1927 and for most of his life he lived with his extended family at Yathalamara in the Northern Territory. He was the head of the Manarrngu clan and one of the most powerful elders of central Arnhem Land. With the death of clan leaders who owned adjacent lands, Malangi inherited custodianship for vast tracts of land on either side of the Goyder River, thus inheriting the associated responsibilities for caring for sacred sites, recounting the journeys of both the Djankawau creation ancestors and of the ancestor Gunmirringu.

He began bark painting as a young boy, taught by his father and uncle to paint on bodies for ceremonies, on hollow logs for burials and later on stringy bark. He was taught to paint the story of his creation ancestor, Gurrumurringu, and the story of the Djangkawu sisters. David painted the stories that they sang in their ceremonies and his totems were the sea eagle, crow, snake and goanna.

David Malangi was a prolific and highly individualistic Aboriginal artist whose bark paintings and fine art prints have been sought after by major international collectors since the 1960's. In style, his bold collection of individual imagery and shapes on a clear, red ochre or sometimes black background influenced several other central Arnhem Land painters.

The Australian one dollar note was first printed in 1966 when decimalisation was introduced, replacing the 10 shilling note. The Queen featured on the front side, while the central motif of the reverse side was a direct representation of the Gunmirringu story from one of David Malangi's bark paintings. The artist knew nothing of this until he saw the note. The Reserve Bank later recognized his copyright and awarded him compensation. The note was issued until its replacement by the dollar coin in 1984. Approximately 1.7 billion one dollar notes were printed.

Malangi’s work took him to Australia's state capitals, New York and Tahiti. His bark paintings and limited edition prints are now in collections in Australia and abroad. In 1996 he was awarded an honorary Doctorate of Law by the Australian National University for his "distinguished creative contribution in the service of society." He died on June 19, 1999, aged 72.

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Geelong– 150 years ago this month

“A serious accident, which fortunately was not attended by loss of

human life, occurred to the mail-coach from Geelong to Belfast,* at

the Warembine Creek^. The mail got to the Warembine in good

time on Tuesday last; but the creek was so much swollen that the

passengers refused to take it in the coach, and the driver decided

to wait a little to see if there was any probability of the waters

subsiding. This not being likely, and having the English mail with

him, he tried to cross without the passengers; but the horses had

scarcely got into the water before they were swept away, coach and

all.

The driver managed to save himself, but the two horses were

drowned; and the top of the coach was smashed to pieces. By the

exertions of Mr. Laing, publican, at the

Warembine, and the driver and another

man, who ventured into the flooded creek

with a rope attached to his waist, the

mail bags were safely recovered. This

has been for a long time now a most

dangerous part of the road, and should be

immediately repaired.”

(The Argus Friday, October 16, 1863 p.5)

About this brochure: This brochure has been produced as a community service by participants in the Work For The Dole scheme at Workskil- Corio branch office. This is part of a Job Services Australia initiative. All comments and views expressed in this publication are the opinions of the participants in the scheme and not necessarily the views of Workskil or Job Services Australia. If you have any comments about information contained in this brochure, or suggestions for future issues please write to: Workskil WFTD Unit 1001 Corio Shopping Centre.

Bacchus Marsh Rd. Corio 3214 Ph: (03) 5245 3000 or email: ssharp@workskil.com.au

The Jillong Pocket is available online. Go to www.workskil.com.au and select the “Community Programs” tab.

*Belfast: Port Fairy. The location was originally named Port Fairy (after the whaling boat The Fairy) in 1828 when just a whaling station. In 1843 prominent Sydney solicitor, and local land owner, James Atkinson, renamed the town Belfast, after his home town in Ireland. In 1887 the town reverted to its original name, Port Fairy, as a result of an Act of Parliament. ^Warrambine Creek (correct spelling today): Where it crosses the Hamilton Highway near Wingeel, 46km west of Geelong.

Cobb & Co crossing a flooded river

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Ocean Grove Shopping Centre 63 years ago, Skinner’s General Store dominated trade in this fledgling Methodist seaside town. Strict rules forbade the sale of alcohol within the town limits, slowing growth, but providing a family atmosphere that can still be seen today. Now with a population of over 12,000 the main shopping centre in The Terrace features traffic lights and caters for nearly anything the locals desire (and yes, even alcohol distributers have found a loophole in the law, makings their wares available).

Source: Mr and Mrs J Menzies

c.1950