In this class we have more HARD QUESTIONS. We have been developing a realist approach to ethics...
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Transcript of In this class we have more HARD QUESTIONS. We have been developing a realist approach to ethics...
![Page 1: In this class we have more HARD QUESTIONS. We have been developing a realist approach to ethics rooted in cultural traditions and in the natural sciences.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022083005/56649f295503460f94c422ee/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
In this class we have more
HARD QUESTIONS
![Page 2: In this class we have more HARD QUESTIONS. We have been developing a realist approach to ethics rooted in cultural traditions and in the natural sciences.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022083005/56649f295503460f94c422ee/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
We have been developing a realist approach to ethics
• rooted in cultural traditions and in the natural sciences
• We read the contemporary boom in ethics, for example creating shared value,
• as a revival of traditional ideals of community• and a following of physically hard-wired
emotional gut instincts• not limited by the rules of Kantian or utilitarian or
other modern ethical theories
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Post-modern ethics is unbounded. It moves freely in an out of the four-walled
box of modern ethics.
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So here is the hard question
• HOW DOES A REALIST APPROACH TO ETHICS HELP US SOLVE THE PROBLEMS OF MACROECONOMICS?
• Actually this is an umbrella question that includes:
• How does realist ethics help business leaders succeed in the realities of today´s highly competitive global environment?
• And contribute to solving social problems like like inflation, unemployment, growth with equity?
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To answer these questions we might get some help
• From our old friend Nancy Tanner: “The human body evolved as the body of a cultural animal.”
• and from our old friend Tom Berry: “Human beings are biologically coded to be culturally coded.”
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And from our new friend
• Chris Malone
• Co-author with Susan Fiske of The Human Brand
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Let´s get a little more specific about the physical bottom line
• Considering certain aspects of the physiology of the brain
• And the famous left brain/right brain division
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Many people see learning to use our right brains as “re-enchantment” bringing back
the old Gemeinschaft
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Today our specific point is about ethics
• In connection with the right prefrontal cortex
• That is to say the front part of the right hemisphere of the brain
• As it has evolved over millions of years
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Studying patients with brain damage is one way to learn about the functions of different
parts of the brain
• “Is there any cause in nature that makes these hard hearts?” –Shakespeare, King Lear
• Answer: Yes, damage to the prefrontal cortex of the right hemisphere makes hard hearts.
• Patients without a functioning right prefrontal cortex are emotionally disengaged from others.
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Patients with lesions in the right hemisphere ventromedial prefrontal cortex
• Are impulsive• Do not foresee consequences • Are selfish• Lack self control• Are prone to addictions• Lack the inhibitions that give
normal people power to resist temptation• ---Iain McGilchrist, The Master and the
Emissary, page 86
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Psycopaths have deficits in the right frontal lobe
• Particularly in the right ventromedial and orbitofrontal cortex
• They have no sense of guilt, shame, or responsibility
--McGilchrist, p. 85
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A normal human being with both hemispheres undamaged
• Has empathy• She or he is pained by the suffering of others and
motivated to relieve suffering• Thus the capacity for sadness is basic for ethical
behaviour.
• Research on the brain leads us to doubt philosophical and economic theories that made happiness the basis for ethics.
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Normal human beings cooperate even with people with whom they are not genetically related
• It is fellow-feeling, not calculation, which is both the motive and reward for successful cooperation. It is the relationship that matters.
• In psychological experiments subjects who achieve successful cooperation show activity in parts of the brain associated with
PLEASURE• (the mesolimbic dopamine system dopamine system
dopamine system)
--McGilchrist p. 147
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Evidence from brain damage and electronic tracking of cerebral activity
• Is just the tip of the iceberg
• of overwhelming evidence that humans are social animals capable of empathy and cooperation.
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Evidence from brain damage and electronic tracking of cerebral activity
• Is just the tip of the iceberg.
• Of overwhelming evidence that humans are social animals capable of empathy and cooperation.