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In the finishing straightFrom Copenhagen to Bordeaux
Cedefop’s analysis of progress: main findings
Aviana Bulgarelli, Director
26/11/2008 Informal ministerial meeting Bordeaux 22
Continuation Maastricht – Helsinki – Bordeaux
In line with the Lisbon Strategy
• Renewed Lisbon Strategy for growth and jobs; New social agenda• Education and training work programme 2010, future framework
Open method of coordination within VET important results for lifelong learning
• Common European tools and principles
Copenhagen process - a success
Alignment: national and European priorities
26/11/2008 Informal ministerial meeting Bordeaux 33
Education and skills – key driver for European growth, competitiveness, jobs and inclusion
Socio-economic context and challenges for VET
Point of departure:• need to know which occupations and skills will be
required• develop knowledge, skills and competences needed
through education and training
Alignment: to meet common challenges
26/11/2008 Informal ministerial meeting Bordeaux 44
Skill needs: continued shift towards services
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
1996 97 98 99
2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Millions
Primary sector & utilities
Construction
Manufacturing
Business & other services
Non-marketed services(public admnistration, health, social
Distribution and transport
Forecast
EU-25+Source: Cedefop, 2008
26/11/2008 Informal ministerial meeting Bordeaux 55
Skill needs: rising demand for all occupations risks polarising new jobs
-3 2 7 12 17
Legislators, senior officials and managers
Professionals
Technicians and associate professionals
Clerks
Service workers and shop and market sales workers
Skilled agricultural and fishery workers
Craft and related trades workers
Plant and machine operators and assemblers
Elementary occupations
Million jobs
Expansion demand (net change) Replacement demand (jobs open due retirement, etc.) Total Requirement
EU-25+
By 2020
- 6 million working age
population; would require ≈ 74%
employment rate
Source: Cedefop, 2008
26/11/2008 Informal ministerial meeting Bordeaux 66
Formal qualification needs rising across all jobs
Source: Cedefop, 2008
0
50
100
150
200
250
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
mill
ion
jobs
Low qualification Medium qualification High qualification
20 mio new jobs
total net increase49%
33%
46%
21%
26% 19%
50%
25%31%
EU-25+
+13.1 mio jobs
+19.6 mio jobs
- 12.5 mio jobs
Currently 78 million
low-skilled
26/11/2008 Informal ministerial meeting Bordeaux 77
Most job openings at medium-level
-12.4
13.1
19.6
20.4
22.0
41.5
21.4
84.9
-20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Low qualification
Medium qualification
High qualification
All qualifications
Million jobs
Expansion Demand
Replacement Demand
55 million job openings, mainly for vocational qualifications
Source: Cedefop, 2008
26/11/2008 Informal ministerial meeting Bordeaux 88
Upper secondary general (ISCED 3)
Upper secondarypre-vocational &
vocational (ISCED 3)Post secondary non-tertiary (ISCED 4)
Tertiary (ISCED 5-6)
Tertiary w ith occupational
orientation (ISCED 5b)
80
100
120
140
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Notes: Upper secondary education excludes France and the UK; Tertiary w ith occupational orientation excludes UK
EU27, 1998-2006
Source: Eurostat
Attractiveness of VET: trends in participation
More than 50% upper secondary graduates come from VET in half of the EU but wide variations from 80% to >15%
26/11/2008 Informal ministerial meeting Bordeaux 99
The learning outcome paradigm
• Developing/implementing national qualifications frameworks consistent with European qualifications framework (EQF)
• More systemic VET reforms
• Improving quality and attractiveness of VET − managing results
• Different policy mixes including European tools, principles and guidelines, mainly
Guidance and counseling(New Council resolution: Better integrating lifelong guidance into lifelong learning strategies)
Validation of non-formal and informal learning
Development: how far have we come since Helsinki?
26/11/2008 Informal ministerial meeting Bordeaux 1010
From mobility to wide-ranging reforms
26/11/2008 Informal ministerial meeting Bordeaux 1111
• Relating qualifications levels to the EQF in ways which are understood and trusted by others − key to success of the EQF
• Underpinning EQF/NQF developments by quality assuranceat all levels and stages
• Seeking to overcome barriers between education and training sectors and to improve access to and progress in learning
• Applying the learning outcomes approach in a transparentand coherent way
Implementing the EQF − key challenges
26/11/2008 Informal ministerial meeting Bordeaux 1212
More attention to equity and access for all
Targeted support for vulnerable groups – preventive and remedialEarly school leavers, students with special needs, disabled, learners from disadvantaged background, migrants and ethnic minorities, older workers
From tailor-made training to inclusive education
Extending compulsory education or training – right/duty
Re/introducing apprenticeship or alternance training
Basic skills for adults
Combined policy measures: in particular guidance and counselling
European tools are part of these policies
Development: how far have we come since Helsinki?
26/11/2008 Informal ministerial meeting Bordeaux 1313
But LLL participation still low and inequitable
5.6 6.2
14.315.2
22.023.2
1.52.2
3.6 4.1
10.0
12.1
0
5
10
15
20
25
2003Low Education
(ISCED 0-2)
2007 2003Medium
Education (ISCED3-4)
2007 2003High Education
(ISCED 5-6)
2007
25-34 year olds
55-64 year olds
%
Source: Eurostat
26/11/2008 Informal ministerial meeting Bordeaux 1414
Development: how far have we come since Helsinki?
Lifelong learning through VET
More and more flexible pathways: tension − equity v. excellence• Linking initial and continuing VET and higher education: structures more open
• Expansion of post secondary and tertiary VET
• Modularisation and double qualifications – generic skills
• Broadening access to and strengthening the quality of guidance
• NQF perceived as opportunity to improve flexibility
• Facilitating validation of prior learning
Increasing quality in VET and advancingquality assurance mechanisms
26/11/2008 Informal ministerial meeting Bordeaux 1515
Development: how far have we come since Helsinki?
VET teachers and trainers key to quality, change and mobility
• Towards a strategic vision on their roles and professional development needs
Common concerns:• Making teachers fit for new roles and more diverse learner needs
• Keeping competences up to date with technological change, working
practices and cultural diversity
• Language skills for mobility (their own and those of learners)
• Raising attractiveness of the profession
Despite progress in some countries, trainers still “neglected”
26/11/2008 Informal ministerial meeting Bordeaux 1616
Development: how far have we come since Helsinki?
VET and the labour market − closer links• Labour market actors (sectors, social partners) more involved in VET decision-
making, governance and provision
Designing VET policies, programmes, qualifications and standards, assessing skills and competences, validation of qualifications, quality assurance
Anticipating labour market needs
Financing VET, managing funds and providing CVT
• More emphasis on apprenticeship, workplace learning for students and teachers
Concerns• Lack of training places, employer participation in programme design and delivery
(apprenticeship and alternance), levels of investment in CVT
• Foreign language skills to increase competitiveness and mobility
26/11/2008 Informal ministerial meeting Bordeaux 1717
0
15
30
45
60
75
90
UK DK AT SE FI NL FR LU SI CZ DE EE BE EU27 SK CY HU ES LT MT PT RO LV PL IT BG GR
IVT CVT%
31% of enterprises provide initial training, 60% provide continuing training
Source: Eurostat, CVTS3
Percentage of enterprises providing IVT and any type of CVT (2005)
0
20
40
60
.10-49 50-249 250<
Percentage of enterprises providing IVT by size of enterprise, EU 2005%
Number of employees
26/11/2008 Informal ministerial meeting Bordeaux 1818
33% of employees take part in CVT organised by enterprises
Participation in CVT courses (1999, 2005)
UK
SE
FI
SI
RO
PT
PL
AT NL
HU
LU
LT
LV
IT
FR
ES
GR
EE
DE
CZ
BG
BE
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Participants in CVT courses as a % of employees, 1999
Par
tici
pan
ts i
n C
VT
co
urs
es a
s a
% o
f em
plo
yees
, 20
05
Growing participation
Decreasing participation
Continuing training: some countries catching up, but high performers doing less well
2.3
1.5
2.4 2.5
1.6
1.1
1.4
1.9
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
total 10-49 50-249 250 or more
1999 (CVTS2) 2005 (CVTS3)
Expe
nditu
re a
s %
of l
abou
r cos
ts
i
CVT expenditure of enterprises
26/11/2008 Informal ministerial meeting Bordeaux 1919
Development: how far have we come since Helsinki?
Governance and funding for better qualityand efficiency
• Widening cooperation and partnerships, creating synergy, more local decision making and VET provider autonomy
• National policies to share responsibility between state, employers and individuals sectoral training funds; tax incentives, vouchers, learning accounts, saving accounts, often combined
• Growing accountability − funding increasingly linked to achieving specific targets
• Balancing national steering and control with local autonomy − recentralisation• Coordinating different policies and practices
Challenges
26/11/2008 Informal ministerial meeting Bordeaux 2020
Application: VET 2010 and beyond
• Continuity and consolidation – more time to implement policies and common tools through reinforced policy learning
• More cooperation across educational levels – blurring boundaries;linking Copenhagen and Bologna (EQF/NQF, ECTS, ECVET)
• Quality assurance − balance between trust and control;a tool but not an end in itself
• Competence measurement/assessment
• VET policy making based more on evidence, more and better data, closer research cooperation
26/11/2008 Informal ministerial meeting Bordeaux 2121
Application: VET 2010 and beyond
• From hierarchical education and training systems to flatter structures: how will new lifelong learning systems unfold?
• Clarify the role of VET in society: can it attract and cater for high achievers and be “all-inclusive”?
• Focus on teachers and trainers: can they be jacks-of-all-trades?
• Review the content and methodology of VET
Keep pan-European focus and soft open
method of coordination for VET to stimulate
development in countries
26/11/2008 Informal ministerial meeting Bordeaux 2222
DEVELOPMENTAPPLICATION
ALIGNMENT
Copenhagen process outcomes 2008
Alignment of national and European priorities has proved successful and remains fundamentally important
Development of policies, European tools, principles and guidelines represent substantial progress
Application of policies and implementation of tools, as well as a renewed effort to succeed
Bordeaux Communiqué Bordeaux Communiqué
26/11/2008 Informal ministerial meeting Bordeaux 2323
You are invited to join Cedefop’sAgora conference
to discuss the findings of Cedefop’s report and the Bordeaux priorities
Thessaloniki 16 – 17 March 2009
Thank you very much for your attention !