In Search Of Excellence In Project Management -...
Transcript of In Search Of Excellence In Project Management -...
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
Project Management Graduate School of ManagementSharif University of Technology
Project Management Graduate School of ManagementSharif University of Technology
Session 1: Class Introduction
Overview, DefinitionsProject Manager Roles
Session 1: Class Introduction
Overview, DefinitionsProject Manager Roles
References:Kerzner: Ch 1Burk: Ch 1PMBOK: Ch 1
References:Kerzner: Ch 1Burk: Ch 1PMBOK: Ch 1
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
Project Management Course OverviewProject Management Course Overview
Objectives:o Explain Basic PM Concepts,
Framework & Technologyo Describe Basic PM Theorieso Cover PM Body of Knowledgeo Explain Tools & Techniqueso Advanced Topics in PMo Discuss Examples and Cases o Discuss Applications in Irano Prepare for PMP Examo Review Lessons Learned
Objectives:o Explain Basic PM Concepts,
Framework & Technologyo Describe Basic PM Theorieso Cover PM Body of Knowledgeo Explain Tools & Techniqueso Advanced Topics in PMo Discuss Examples and Cases o Discuss Applications in Irano Prepare for PMP Examo Review Lessons Learned
Subjects:o Basic Conceptso Scope, WBS, Integrationo Time Managemento Cost Managemento Quality Managemento Risk Managemento Human Resourceso Procurement, Communicationo Strategic Project Managemento Advanced & Other Topics
Subjects:o Basic Conceptso Scope, WBS, Integrationo Time Managemento Cost Managemento Quality Managemento Risk Managemento Human Resourceso Procurement, Communicationo Strategic Project Managemento Advanced & Other Topics
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
Introduction: Your Instructor
Introduction: Your Instructor
Dr. Mehran Sepehri, [email protected] of Academic Staff, Graduate School of
Management, Sharif University of TechnologyPh.D. in Engineering Management from Stanford
University, M.S. from M.I.T., United StatesMember of Board of Directors, Iranian Project
Management Association, www.ipma.irOver 20 years of experience in Program and
Project Management in US and Canada
Dr. Mehran Sepehri, [email protected] of Academic Staff, Graduate School of
Management, Sharif University of TechnologyPh.D. in Engineering Management from Stanford
University, M.S. from M.I.T., United StatesMember of Board of Directors, Iranian Project
Management Association, www.ipma.irOver 20 years of experience in Program and
Project Management in US and Canada
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
Introduction: Students
Introduction: Students
Your name, position, education, background (1 min.)Your previous PM training & experience (30 sec.)What you’re looking for in this course (30 sec.)One horror story from your experience (30 sec.)Any other subject to share with class (30 sec.)
Your name, position, education, background (1 min.)Your previous PM training & experience (30 sec.)What you’re looking for in this course (30 sec.)One horror story from your experience (30 sec.)Any other subject to share with class (30 sec.)
Each Class Agenda:Review Previous Class SubjectsLecture/Discussion New SubjectMultiple Choice /Review QuestionsCase Discussion, Examples
Each Class Agenda:Review Previous Class SubjectsLecture/Discussion New SubjectMultiple Choice /Review QuestionsCase Discussion, Examples
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
What is a Project ?What is a Project ?
A project is a temporary endeavor undertakento create a unique product, service or result.
A project has a unique purpose.A project is temporary.A project requires resources, often from various areas.A project should have a primary sponsor or customer.A project involves uncertainty.
A project is a temporary endeavor undertakento create a unique product, service or result.
A project has a unique purpose.A project is temporary.A project requires resources, often from various areas.A project should have a primary sponsor or customer.A project involves uncertainty.
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
Examples of ProjectsExamples of Projects
Developing a new product or serviceEffecting a change in structure, staffing, or products of an organizationDesigning a new transportation vehicleDeveloping or acquiring a new or modified information systemConstructing a building or facilityBuilding a water system for a community in a developing countryRunning a campaign for political officeImplementing a new business procedure or process
Developing a new product or serviceEffecting a change in structure, staffing, or products of an organizationDesigning a new transportation vehicleDeveloping or acquiring a new or modified information systemConstructing a building or facilityBuilding a water system for a community in a developing countryRunning a campaign for political officeImplementing a new business procedure or process
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
What is Project Management ?What is Project Management ?
Project Management Is the Art of Creating the Illusion that Any
Outcome Is the Result of a Series of Predetermined, Deliberate Acts When in Fact it was Dumb Luck !
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
What is Project Management ?What is Project Management ?
Project management is the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements.
Project Management is the most efficientway of introducing change!
The term project management is sometimes used to describe an organizational approach to the management of ongoing operations. This approach, more properly called management by projects, treats many aspects of ongoing operations as projects to apply project management techniques to them.
Project management is the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements.
Project Management is the most efficientway of introducing change!
The term project management is sometimes used to describe an organizational approach to the management of ongoing operations. This approach, more properly called management by projects, treats many aspects of ongoing operations as projects to apply project management techniques to them.
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
Reasons for ProjectsReasons for Projects
Strategic Planning / Competitive Positioning
Business Process Improvement/Reengineering
Entrepreneurship / New Product Development
Changing Environment, Technology, etc.
Project-oriented by Nature of Business
Strategic Planning / Competitive Positioning
Business Process Improvement/Reengineering
Entrepreneurship / New Product Development
Changing Environment, Technology, etc.
Project-oriented by Nature of Business
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
When to Use Project ManagementWhen to Use Project Management
Are the jobs complex?Are there dynamic environmental considerations?Are the constraints tight?Are there several activities to be integrated?Are there several functional boundaries to be crossed?
Are the jobs complex?Are there dynamic environmental considerations?Are the constraints tight?Are there several activities to be integrated?Are there several functional boundaries to be crossed?
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
Project Management GrowthProject Management Growth
Technology increasing at an astounding rateMore money invested in R&DMore information availableShortening of project life cycles
Technology increasing at an astounding rateMore money invested in R&DMore information availableShortening of project life cycles
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
Early Reasons For FailureEarly Reasons For Failure
There was no need for project management.Employees were not informed about how project management should work.Executives did not select the appropriate projects or project managers for the first few projects.There was no attempt to explain the effect of the project management organizational structure on the wage and salary administration program.Employees were not convinced that executives were in total support of the change (to project management).
There was no need for project management.Employees were not informed about how project management should work.Executives did not select the appropriate projects or project managers for the first few projects.There was no attempt to explain the effect of the project management organizational structure on the wage and salary administration program.Employees were not convinced that executives were in total support of the change (to project management).
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
AdvantagesAdvantages
Easy adaptation to an ever-changing environmentAbility to handle a multidisciplinary activity within a specified period of timeHorizontal as well as vertical work flowBetter orientation toward customer problemsEasier identification of activity responsibilitiesA multidisciplinary decision-making processInnovation in organizational design
Easy adaptation to an ever-changing environmentAbility to handle a multidisciplinary activity within a specified period of timeHorizontal as well as vertical work flowBetter orientation toward customer problemsEasier identification of activity responsibilitiesA multidisciplinary decision-making processInnovation in organizational design
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
Project Management EvolutionProject Management Evolution
Biblical Project ManagementMilitary Project ManagementSpace ExplorationHeavy ConstructionOther
Biblical Project ManagementMilitary Project ManagementSpace ExplorationHeavy ConstructionOther
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
Biblical Project Management
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
Military ApplicationsMilitary Applications
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
Air Force: B52 Bomber
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
Air Force: Atlas, Titan, and Minuteman ICBMs
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
Navy: Polaris Submarine Program
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
Military Fighters
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
NASA’s Manned Space Program
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
Satellite Boosters for Space ResearchSatellite Boosters for Space Research
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
Heavy Construction ProjectsHeavy Construction Projects
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
Today, Project Management Has World-Wide Applications.
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
PM in US and the WorldPM in US and the World
The U.S. spends $2.3 trillion on projects every year, an amount equal to one-quarter of the GDP.
The world as a whole spends nearly $10 trillion of its $40.7 trillion gross product on projects of all kinds.
More than sixteen million people regard project management as their profession;
On average, a project manager earns more than $82,000 per year.*
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
PM in US and the WorldPM in US and the World
More than 0.5 million new information technology (IT) application development projects were initiated during 2001, up from 300,000 in 2000.*Famous business authors and consultants are stressing the importance of project management. As Tom Peters writes in his book, Reinventing Work: the Project 50, “To win today you must master the art of the project!”
More than 0.5 million new information technology (IT) application development projects were initiated during 2001, up from 300,000 in 2000.*Famous business authors and consultants are stressing the importance of project management. As Tom Peters writes in his book, Reinventing Work: the Project 50, “To win today you must master the art of the project!”
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
PM in IranPM in Iran
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
PM in IranPM in Iran
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85OVERVIEW OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT
TIM
ECOST
PERFORMANCE/TECHNOLOGY
RESOURCES
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
Project CharacteristicsProject CharacteristicsHave a specific objective (which may be unique or one-of-a-kind) to be completed within certain specificationsHave defined start and end datesHave funding limits (if applicable)Have quality limits (if applicable)Consume human and nonhuman resources (i.e., money, people, equipment)
Be multifunctional (cut across several functional lines)
Have a specific objective (which may be unique or one-of-a-kind) to be completed within certain specificationsHave defined start and end datesHave funding limits (if applicable)Have quality limits (if applicable)Consume human and nonhuman resources (i.e., money, people, equipment)
Be multifunctional (cut across several functional lines)
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
Project ManagementProject Management
Project PlanningDefinition of work requirementsDefinition of quantity and quality of workDefinition of resources needed
Project monitoring– Tracking progress– Comparing actual outcome to predicted
outcome– Analyzing impact– Making adjustments
Project PlanningDefinition of work requirementsDefinition of quantity and quality of workDefinition of resources needed
Project monitoring– Tracking progress– Comparing actual outcome to predicted
outcome– Analyzing impact– Making adjustments
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85MATURITY IN PROJECTMANAGEMENT IS LIKE
A THREE - LEGGED STOOL.
THE LEGS REPRESENT THE:
Project ManagerLine Manager(s)Executive Management (i.e... Project Sponsor)
Maturity cannot exist without stability
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
TOP OF THE THREE - LEGGED STOOL
ORGANIZATIONALSTRUCTURE
ORGANIZATIONALBEHAVIOR
TOOLS &TECHNIQUES
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
Project Management and productivity are related!
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
Critical QuestionsHow important is Project Management training ?Part-time Project Management - is it good or bad ?
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
Role Of The Project Manager
Role Of The Project Manager
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
Negotiating For ResourcesNegotiating For Resources
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
The Project Kickoff MeetingThe Project Kickoff Meeting
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
Organizing The Project TeamOrganizing The Project Team
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
Establishing The Project’s Policies and ProceduresEstablishing The Project’s Policies and Procedures
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
Laying Out The Project Workflow And PlanLaying Out The Project Workflow And Plan
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
Establishing Performance TargetsEstablishing Performance Targets
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
Obtaining FundingObtaining Funding
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
Executing The PlanExecuting The Plan
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
Acting As The ConductorActing As The Conductor
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
Putting Out FiresPutting Out Fires
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
Counseling and FacilitationCounseling and Facilitation
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
Encouraging The Team To Focus On DeadlinesEncouraging The Team To Focus On Deadlines
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
Monitoring Progress By “Pounding The Pavement”Monitoring Progress By “Pounding The Pavement”
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
Evaluating PerformanceEvaluating Performance
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
Develop Contingency PlansDevelop Contingency Plans
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
Briefing The Project SponsorBriefing The Project Sponsor
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
Briefing The TeamBriefing The Team
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
Briefing The CustomerBriefing The Customer
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
Closing Out The ProjectClosing Out The Project
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Why is a Project Management System Necessary?
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
Benefits Benefits
Identification of functional responsibilities to ensure that all activities are accounted for, regardless of personnel turnover.Minimizing the need for continuous improvementIdentification of time limits for schedulingIdentification of a methodology for trade-off analysisMeasurement of accomplishment against plans
Identification of functional responsibilities to ensure that all activities are accounted for, regardless of personnel turnover.Minimizing the need for continuous improvementIdentification of time limits for schedulingIdentification of a methodology for trade-off analysisMeasurement of accomplishment against plans
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
Benefits (continued)Benefits (continued)
Early identification of problems so that corrective action may followImproved estimating capability for future planningKnowing when objectives cannot be met or will be exceeded
Early identification of problems so that corrective action may followImproved estimating capability for future planningKnowing when objectives cannot be met or will be exceeded
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
ObstaclesObstacles
Project complexityCustomer’s special requirements and scope changesOrganizational restructuringProject risksChanges in technologyForward planning and pricing
Project complexityCustomer’s special requirements and scope changesOrganizational restructuringProject risksChanges in technologyForward planning and pricing
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
ResourcesResources
MoneyManpowerEquipmentFacilitiesMaterialsInformation/technology
MoneyManpowerEquipmentFacilitiesMaterialsInformation/technology
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
Project NecessitiesProject Necessities
Complete task definitionsResource requirement definitions (and possibly skill levels needed)Major timetable milestonesDefinition of end-item quality and reliability requirementsThe basis for performance measurement
Complete task definitionsResource requirement definitions (and possibly skill levels needed)Major timetable milestonesDefinition of end-item quality and reliability requirementsThe basis for performance measurement
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
Results of Good PlanningResults of Good Planning
Assurance that functional units will understand their total responsibilities toward achieving project needs.Assurance that problems resulting from scheduling and allocation of critical resources are known beforehand.Early identification of problems that may jeopardize successful project completion so that effective corrective action and replanning can occur to prevent or resolve problems.
Assurance that functional units will understand their total responsibilities toward achieving project needs.Assurance that problems resulting from scheduling and allocation of critical resources are known beforehand.Early identification of problems that may jeopardize successful project completion so that effective corrective action and replanning can occur to prevent or resolve problems.
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
Project Management in Non-Project-Driven GroupsProject Management in Non-Project-Driven Groups
Projects may be few and far betweenNot all projects have the same project management requirements, and therefore they cannot be managed identically. This difficulty results from poor understanding of project management and a reluctance of companies to invest in proper training.Executives do not have sufficient time to manage projects themselves, yet refuse to delegate authority.
Projects may be few and far betweenNot all projects have the same project management requirements, and therefore they cannot be managed identically. This difficulty results from poor understanding of project management and a reluctance of companies to invest in proper training.Executives do not have sufficient time to manage projects themselves, yet refuse to delegate authority.
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management in Non-Project-Driven Groups (Continued)
Project Management in Non-Project-Driven Groups (Continued)
Projects tend to be delayed because approvals most often follow the vertical chain of command. As a result, project work stays too long in functional departments.Because project staffing is on a “local” basis, only a portion of the organization understands project management and sees the system in action.There exists heavy dependence on subcontractors and outside agencies for project management expertise.
Projects tend to be delayed because approvals most often follow the vertical chain of command. As a result, project work stays too long in functional departments.Because project staffing is on a “local” basis, only a portion of the organization understands project management and sees the system in action.There exists heavy dependence on subcontractors and outside agencies for project management expertise.
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
High-level ReportingHigh-level ReportingThe project manager is charged with getting results from the coordinated efforts of many functions. He should, therefore, report to the man who directs all those functions.The project manager must have adequate organizational status to do his job effectively.To get adequate and timely assistance in solving problems that inevitably appear in any important project, the project manager needs direct and specific access to an upper echelon of managementThe customer, particularly in a competitive environment, is favorably impressed if his project manager reports to a high organizational echelon.
The project manager is charged with getting results from the coordinated efforts of many functions. He should, therefore, report to the man who directs all those functions.The project manager must have adequate organizational status to do his job effectively.To get adequate and timely assistance in solving problems that inevitably appear in any important project, the project manager needs direct and specific access to an upper echelon of managementThe customer, particularly in a competitive environment, is favorably impressed if his project manager reports to a high organizational echelon.
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
Low-level ReportingLow-level ReportingIt is organizationally and operationally inefficient to have too many projects, especially small ones, diverting senior executives from more vital concerns.Although giving a small project a high place in the organization may create the illusion of executive attention, its real result is to foster executive neglect o f the project.Placing a junior project manager too high in the organization will alienate senior functional executives on whom he must rely for support.
It is organizationally and operationally inefficient to have too many projects, especially small ones, diverting senior executives from more vital concerns.Although giving a small project a high place in the organization may create the illusion of executive attention, its real result is to foster executive neglect o f the project.Placing a junior project manager too high in the organization will alienate senior functional executives on whom he must rely for support.
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
The Quality GapThe Quality Gap
Quality
Time
Customer Expectations
Achieved Improvements
QualityGap
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In Summary, The Project Manager Is Like A Physician:In Summary, The Project Manager Is Like A Physician:
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
He Must Be An Expert Diagnostician….He Must Be An Expert Diagnostician….
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
Guard His Project From Infection….Guard His Project From Infection….
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And Prescribe Cures For A Multitude Of AfflictionsAnd Prescribe Cures For A Multitude Of Afflictions
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
The Need For RestructuringThe Need For Restructuring
Accomplish tasks that could not be effectively handled by the traditional structureAccomplish onetime activities with minimum disruption to routine business
Accomplish tasks that could not be effectively handled by the traditional structureAccomplish onetime activities with minimum disruption to routine business
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
Restructuring ProblemsRestructuring Problems
Project priorities and competition for talent may interrupt the stability of the organization and interfere with its long-range interests by upsetting the normal business of the functional organization.Long-range planning may suffer as the company gets more involved in meeting schedules and fulfilling the requirements of temporary projects.
Project priorities and competition for talent may interrupt the stability of the organization and interfere with its long-range interests by upsetting the normal business of the functional organization.Long-range planning may suffer as the company gets more involved in meeting schedules and fulfilling the requirements of temporary projects.
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
Restructuring Problems(Continued)Restructuring Problems(Continued)
Shifting people from the project to project may disrupt the training of new employees and specialists. This may hinder their growth and development within their fields of specialization.
Shifting people from the project to project may disrupt the training of new employees and specialists. This may hinder their growth and development within their fields of specialization.
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
ImperativesImperatives
The time span between project initiation and completion appears to be increasing.The capital committed to the project prior to the use of the end item appears to be increasing.As technology increases, the commitment of time and money appears to become inflexible.
The time span between project initiation and completion appears to be increasing.The capital committed to the project prior to the use of the end item appears to be increasing.As technology increases, the commitment of time and money appears to become inflexible.
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
Imperatives (Continued)Imperatives (Continued)
Technology requires more and more specialized manpower.The inevitable counterpart of specialization is organization.The above five “imperatives” identify the necessity for more effective planning, scheduling, and control.
Technology requires more and more specialized manpower.The inevitable counterpart of specialization is organization.The above five “imperatives” identify the necessity for more effective planning, scheduling, and control.
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
ObstaclesObstaclesUnstable economyShortagesSoaring costsIncreased complexityHeightened competitionTechnological changesSocietal ConcernsConsumerismEcologyQuality of work
Unstable economyShortagesSoaring costsIncreased complexityHeightened competitionTechnological changesSocietal ConcernsConsumerismEcologyQuality of work
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
Results of NOT Controlling ObstaclesResults of NOT Controlling Obstacles
Decreased ProfitsIncreased manpower needsCost overruns, schedule delays, and penalty occurring earlier and earlierAn inability to cope with new technologyR&D results too late to benefit existing product linesTemptation to make hasty decisions that prove to be costly
Decreased ProfitsIncreased manpower needsCost overruns, schedule delays, and penalty occurring earlier and earlierAn inability to cope with new technologyR&D results too late to benefit existing product linesTemptation to make hasty decisions that prove to be costly
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
Results of NOT Controlling Obstacles (Continued)
Results of NOT Controlling Obstacles (Continued)
Management insisting on earlier and greater return on investmentGreater difficulty in establishing on-target objectives in real timeProblems in relating cost to technical performance and scheduling during the execution of the project
Management insisting on earlier and greater return on investmentGreater difficulty in establishing on-target objectives in real timeProblems in relating cost to technical performance and scheduling during the execution of the project
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Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85Project Management Course, Dr. Mehran Sepehri, Fall 85
Integrative ResponsibilityIntegrative Responsibility
Total accountability assumed by a single personProject rather than functional dedicationA requirement for coordination across functional interfacesProper utilization of integral planning and control
Total accountability assumed by a single personProject rather than functional dedicationA requirement for coordination across functional interfacesProper utilization of integral planning and control