• In lexical semantics, opposites are words that lie in

an inherently incompatible binary relationship as in

the opposite pairs male : female, long : short, up :

down, and precede : follow. The notion of

incompatibility here refers to fact that one word in an

opposite pair entails that it is not the othera pair

member.

• Antonyms, from the Greek anti ("opposite") and

onoma ("name") are gradable opposites. Gradable

opposites lie at opposite ends of a continuous

spectrum of meanings; examples are hot and cold,

slow and fast, and fat and skinny. Words may have

several different antonyms, depending on the

meaning: both long and tall can be antonyms of

short.

WORDAbundance

Adversity

Affection

Analysis

Attack

Behaviour

Belief

Blame

Bravery

Bustle

Care

Darth, want, scarcity

Prosperity

Aversion, coldness

Synthesis

Defence

Misconduct

Disbelief

Praise

Cowardice

Quiet

Indifference,

negligence

ANTONYM

WORD

Danger

Death

Decay

Decision

Discipline

Disease

Earnest

Enemy

Evil

Falsehood

Fame

Folly

Safety

Life

Growth

Indecision,

uncertainty

Indiscipline

Health

Jest

Friend

Good

Truth

Disgrace, infamy

Wisdom

ANTONYM

WORD

Fondness

Fortune

Grief

Happiness

Hatred

Heaven

Honesty

Honour

Ill-will

Justice

Knowledge

Likeness

Dislike

Misfortune

Joy

Sorrow

Love

Hell

Dishonesty

Dishonour

Good-will

Injustice

Ignorance

Difference

ANTONYM

WORD

Marriage

Miser

Motion

Native

Noise

Optimist

Please

Pleasant

Pleasure

Play

Poetry

Poverty

Divorce

Spendthrift

Rest

Foreign

Silence

Pessimist

Displease

Unpleasant

Pain

Toil

Prose

Wealth

ANTONYM

WORD

Smile

Top

Union

Use

Work

Frown

Bottom

Disunion

Abuse

Play

ANTONYM

WORD

Absent

Accurate

Adequate

Agreeable

Adverse

Ample

Artful

Awkward

Beneficial

Brittle

Calm

Capable

Present

Inaccurate

Inadequate

Disagreeable

Favourable

Scanty, meager

Straight, forward

Graceful

Injurious

Tough

Stormy

Incompetent

ANTONYM

WORD

Careful

Cautious

Certain

Cheap

Cheerful

Clever

Coarse

Cold

Cool

Crooked

Cruel

Different

Careless

Reckless

Uncertain, doubtful

Dear

Gloomy, cheerless

Stupid, dull

Fine

Hot

Warm

Straight

Kind

Similar

ADJECTIVE

WORD

Dry

Ebb

Equal

Even

Fair

Flat

First

Fit

Foolish

Foul

Friendly

Fully

Wet

Flow

Unequal

Uneven

Unfair

Hilly

Last

Unfit

Wise

Fair

Unfriendly

Partly

ANTONYM

WORD

Gay

Genuine

Grateful

Happy

Hearty

Heavy

Holy

Ill

Illiterate

Insane

Late

Lean

Dismal

Spurious, artificial

Ungrateful

Miserable

Insincere

Light

Unholy

Well

Learned, educated

Sane

Punctual

Stout, fat

ANTONYM

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1. Alien :- A person residing in a country of which he is not a

citizen.

2. Amateur :- One who pursues some art or sport as hobby.

3. Anarchy :- Absence of government.

4. Animate :- Object having life.

5. Annual :- Which takes place every year.

6. Anonymous :- Which does not bear the name of its writer.

7. Antidote :- Medicine to counteract the effect of a poison.

8. Antiseptic :- That which counteracts putrefaction.

9. Aquatic :- Living in (or near) water.

10. Arsenal :- A place for storage of weapons and ammunition.

11. Atheist :- One who does not believe in the existence of God.

12. Audience :- An assembly of listeners.

13. Autobiography :- Life-history of a person written by himself.

14. Autograph :- signature of some important person in his own

hand-writing.

15. Bankrupt (or insolvent) :- One who cannot pay off his debt.

16. Barometer :- An instrument of measuring atmospheric

pressure.

17. Biography :- Life story of a person.

18. Blonde :- A beautiful lady of fair complexion and golden hair.

19. Botany :- The science of vegetable life.

20. Brittle :- Apt to break.

21. Cantonment :- Temporary quarters made for military men.

22. Catalogue :- A list of books.

23. Century :- One hundred years.

24. Colleagues :- Persons working together in the same institution.

25. Combustible :- Liable to catch fire easily.

26. Contagious :- A disease communicable by contact.

27. Contemporary :- Person living at the same time as one.

28. Cosmopolitan :- One who is free from national prejudices.

29. Credulous :- A person too ready to believe.

30. Dead letter :- A letter which is not claimed by anyone.

31. Dead language :- A language which is no longer spoken.

32. Democracy :- Government of people by the people and for the

people.

33. Dictionary :- A book which tells what various word mean.

34. Dispensary :- A place fitted up for making medicines.

35. Drawn :- A battle or a match in which neither party wins.

36. Edible :- Fit to be eaten.

37. Egoist :- A person who always thinks of himself.

38. Eligible :- One who is fit to be elected or selected.

39. Extempore :- A speech made without previous preparation.

40. Fantastic :- One who enjoys everything carelessly.

41. Fastidious :- Hard to please.

42. Fatal :- A disease (or accident) which ends in death.

43. Fatalist :- One who believes in fate.

44. Fiend :- A most wicked and cruel man.

45. Finger-post :- A guide-post pointing out the way for a place.

46. Germicide :- Substance having power to destroy germs.

47. Gratis :- Without payment or recompense.

48. Hades :- Lower world beneath the earth.

49. Harvest-moon :- Full moon about autumnal equinox.

50. Hearse :- Vehicle to carry dead body.

51. Holdall :- A canvas bag to hold bedding etc.

52. Honeymoon :- The first night of newly married couple.

53. Honorary :- Office for which no salary is paid.

54. Hospitable :- One who entertains his guests.

55. Hoyden :- A very romping girl.

56. Hydra :- An imaginary serpent with many heads.

57. Hypnotism :- A science of hypnosis by which a hypnotist can

induce an artificial sleep on others.

58. Ignorant :- One who lacks knowledge.

59. Illegal :- That which is contrary to law.

60. Illegible :- That which cannot be easily read.

61. Illiterate :- One who is unable to read and write.

62. Immigrant :- One who comes to settle in a country.

63. Immovable :- That which cannot be moved.

64. Impassable :- That cannot be passed through.

65. Impracticable :- That which cannot be put in practice.

66. Inaccessible :- That which cannot be approached or reached.

67. Inaudible :- That which cannot be heard.

68. Incredible :- That which cannot be believed.

69. Incorrigible :- That which cannot be corrected.

70. Incurable :- That which cannot be cured.

71. Indelible :- That which cannot be blotted out.

72. Indefatigable :- One who does not tire.

73. Indescribable :- That which cannot be described.

74. Indispensable :- That which cannot be dispensed with.

75. Ineligible :- Not fit to be elected or selected.

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An affix is a morpheme that is attached to a word stem to

form a new word. Affixes may be derivational, like English -

ness and pre-, or inflectional, like English plural -s and past

tense -ed.

They are bound morphemes by definition; prefixes and

suffixes may be separable affixes.

Affixation is, thus, the linguistic process speakers use to

form new words (neologisms) by adding sounds (affixes) at

the beginning (prefixation), the middle (infixation) or the

end (suffixation) of words.

AFFIXES

Prefixes are affixes (i.e., bound morphemes that provide lexical meaning) that are

added before either simple roots or complex bases (or operands) consisting of

(a) a root and other affixes,

(b) multiple roots, or

(c) multiple roots and other affixes.

Examples of these follow:

1. undo (consisting of prefix un- and root do)

2. untouchable (consisting of prefix un-, root touch, and suffix -able)

3. non-childproof (consisting of prefix non-, root child, and root proof)

4. non-childproofable (consisting of prefix non-, root child, root proof, and suffix -

able)

English words may consist of multiple prefixes: anti-pseudo-classicism

(containing both an anti- prefix and a pseudo- prefix).

In English, all prefixes are derivational. This contrasts with English suffixes,

which may be either derivational or inflectional.

PREFIX

7. ADDING PREFIXES -BE

Cloud

Calm

Dew

Fool

Friend

Guile

Head

Little

Night

Siege

Witch

Becloud

Becalm

Bedew

Befool

Befriend

Beguile

Behead

Belittle

Benight

Besiege

Bewitch

WORD VERB

8. ADDING PREFIXES -EN

Able

Cage

Camp

Circle

Courage

Danger

Dear

Force

Joy

Large

Rich

Snare

Slave

Sure

Enable

Encage

Encamp

Encircle

Encourage

Endanger

Endear

Enforce

Enjoy

Enlarge

Enrich

Ensnare

Enslave

Ensure

WORD VERB

..CONT

Tomb

Title

Throne

Entomb

Entitle

Enthrone

WORD VERB

1. ADDING SUFFIXES -CY

Accurate

Agent

Brilliant

Bankrupt

Constant

Frequent

Intimate

Infant

Private

Pregnant

Secret

Urgent

Vacant

Accuracy

Agency

Brilliancy

Bankruptcy

Constancy

Frequency

Intimacy

Infancy

Privacy

Pregnancy

Secrecy

Urgency

Vacancy

WORD NOUN

2. ADDING SUFFIXES -AGE

Break

Broker

Bond

Cart

Carry

Coin

Leak

Marry

Orphan

Post

Pass

Pilgrim

Short

Stop

Use

Waste

Breakage

Brokerage

Bondage

Cartage

Carriage

Coinage

Leakage

Marriage

Orphanage

Postage

Passage

Pilgrimage

Shortage

Stoppage

Usage

Wastage

WORD NOUN

3. ADDING SUFFIXES -AL

Approve

Arrive

Bury

Betray

Deny

Dispose

Dismiss

Propose

Refuse

Remove

Try

Withdraw

Approval

Arrival

Burial

Betrayal

Denial

Disposal

Dismissal

Proposal

Refusal

Removal

Trial

Withdrawal

WORD NOUN

4. ADDING SUFFIXES -ANCE

Accept

Abound

Annoy

Assist

Appear

Allow

Assure

Attend

Comply

Disturb

Guide

Ignore

Important

Acceptance

Abundance

Annoyance

Assistance

Appearance

Allowance

Assurance

Attendance

Compliance

Disturbance

Guidance

Ignorance

Importance

WORD NOUN

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