In 2019 Ruter will expand has expanded · Car use Car use. 7 … and create more societal value...
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Transcript of In 2019 Ruter will expand has expanded · Car use Car use. 7 … and create more societal value...
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In 2019 Ruter will expand has expandedto 115 electric buses
Photo: www.tu.no
PTA in the Norwegian Capital RegionOslo + Akershus
• Population 1,25 mill
• 2 counties
• 22 + 1 municipalities
• 100 km north to south
Capital Region
• Population 1,5 mill
• 19 more municipalities
in additional 5 counties
• Commuters make it one
transport market
• 6 PT authorities + State
Railways (NSB)
PTA in the Norwegian Capital Region
Oslo + Akershus
• Population 1,25 mill
• 2 counties
• 22 + 1 municipalities
• 100 km north to south
Capital Region
• Population 1,5 mill
• 19 more municipalities
in additional 5 counties
• Commuters make it one
transport market
• 6 PT authorities + State
Railways (NSB)
Contracts Fare cooperation
InfrastructureRolling stock
Oslo Vognselskap
OVS
Public transport in Oslo and Akershus
Ruter procures
bus transport services
for more than
350M EUR / year
Public
tendering:
• Ferries
• Buses
Boardings: Distribution
Total: ca 390 mill.
Development 2000-2018How to help people choose travel by public transport…
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
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190
200
Befolkning Oslo og Akershus Biltrafikk Oslo
Passasjerer kollektivtransport Oslo Biltrafikk Akershus
Passasjerer kollektivtransport Akershus Vognkm
Population
Passengers, public transport
Passengers, public transport Vehicle km
Car use
Car use
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… and create more societal value than the alternative
How much value does the
society get from each
kroner invested in Ruters
operations?
Our target: emission free by 2028
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030
Share of bus fleet zero emission
Zero emission
special transport
(mini buses)
Zero
emission
boats
Pace towards 100% emission
free is constrained by:
- Contract termination dates
- Market offerings (availability
of adequate bus types)
- Change processes
(internal/external)
- Cost / Financial feasibility
Contracts signed per May 2019
6
115156
+5 H2 (2012)
Yes, there has been a learning
curve…
Line 60
Charging at Vippetangen
Line 74
Charging at Mortensrud T
Line 31 / 31E
Charging at depot Jernkroken
Foto: Statnett
6 E-buses on test by 3 PTOs – from 2017
Fast charging
400kW – 8 mins
Charging in one end of
2x12km route
Fast charging
300kW – 12 mins
Charging in one end of
14km route
Slow charging
80kW – 3 hrs
Charging at depot, close to 24km route
Charging solutions chosen by PTOs
We have to listen, test, fail, and learn
39 E-buses - part of tender Romerike (463 buses, 2019)
Foto: Ruter As/RedInk Krister Sørbø
70 E-buses in existing Oslo service contracts (2019-)
VDL
BYD
VDL
Mercedes
Now the e-buses are
‘everywhere’ in Oslo
city centre…
14
Medio 2019
Elbusser i regulær
drift på tretten linjer
..and some regional
lines are fully electric
Main choice so far: Fast charging at depot (300kW)
Also 50kW charging
by pantograph
Do we put a
ding
in the universe?
Recent innovations
• Electric city buses (cat I) arenow available with seat belts
• Electric solo buses are nowavailable in 12-13,7m LE with40+ seats
• Electric regional buses (cat II / ‘klasse II) are now available as solo and boggie buses from several bus manufacturers
BYD 300kW charging LFP battery
Recent innovations• CO2 driven heat pump
• Hybrid heater
Mercedes for Ruter line 60
Circularity, Sustainability, please!
Joint push toward circular business model
and ethical working conditions
COMPETETIVE BID
BUS SERVICES
Vehicle-as-a-
service
Remanufacturin
g and reuse
Use recycled
materials
Closed material
loops at EoL
Maximized EOL-
value of vehicles
and components
Where do we go from here?
For next tender:
Ruter aims to prepare building permits for end stop charging stations
Resp: PTA (In practice: Depot owner / landlord / lessor)
Resp: PTO (who bids for 10 year contracts)
‘Short’ description of Ruter’s chosen ‘business’ model for charging infrastructure:
• Ruter is PTA, renting depot from depot owner. PTO rents depot from Ruter during contract.
• Ruter gets ownership of the charging infrastructure at end of contract• can decide re-use in next tender
• Main reason for PTO resp for chg equipment on depot and end stations: • PTO’s can work actively with manufacturers in the market to offer the most optimal e-bus
system (buses and infrastructure). • Ruter believes this prevents unwanted solution lock-in
Resp: PTA
In practice:
Grid owner
(Hafslund Nett)
Ruter must findspace for chg infra
Model for opportunity charging
PTO resp for therest (bus, chg infra, civil works)
Ruter resp for grid power connection. Hafslund Nett buildsand operates.
Ruter resp for publicspace avaiability
Alt 1. conductive
Charging at depot only
Alt 2. conductive
Main charging at end stops
Alt 3 – Wireless charging for ‘all’ vehicles
Combined use of common charging interface
Buses, delivery vans, taxis, garbage trucks, etc
→ Re-evaluate public ownership of chg infra
Future: optimal solution may be different for each bus line
Fast or slow charging
Solid state batteries:
0,2C?
Fast charging
300-600+kW
Big batteries help
mitigate challenges in
rush hour traffic
Fast charging
50 - 450kW
Charging at at:
- end of route?
- Depots?
- Charging hubs?
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Depot
Operator
Buses
Chg at depot
Chg on street
Persveien
Norgesbuss
6 Solaris solo
6 Mercedes solo
Medcom 2x250kW
(10x50kW)
Eko E 1x400kW
Depot
Operator
Buses
Chg at depot
Chg on street
Klemetsrud
Unibuss
2 Solaris solo
10 VDL solo
Siemens 8x40kW
Siemens 2x300kW
Depot
Operator
Buses
Chg at depot
Chg on street
Jernkroken
Nobina
22 BYD articulated
Heliox, 6x300kW
BYD 20x80kW
-
Depot
Operator
Buses
Chg at depot
Chg on street
Alnabru
Unibuss
30 VDL articulated
Heliox 12x300kW
18x50kW
-
Depot
Operator
Buses
Chg at depot
Brubakkveien
Norgesbuss
17 Volvo solo
w/seat belts
ABB, 4x150 kW
(12x50kW)
Depot
Operator
Buses
Chg at depot
Leiraveien
Nobina
22 BYD articulated
w/seat belts
Heliox 8x300kW
BYD 20x80kW
Romerike:
Romerike:
Development of electric bus fleet in Oslo and Akershus
Project/tender Qty Mfg Bus type Charging
concept
Chg power
(kW)
Battery techn
capacity (kWh)
Test 2017 2 Solaris solo Pantograph 300 75
Test 2017 2 Solaris solo Pantograph 400 125
Test 2017 2 BYD articulated Plugin 80 307
Oslo 2019 30 VDL articulated Pantograph 300 170
Oslo 2019 10 VDL solo Pantograph 300 127
Oslo 2019 20 BYD articulated Pantograph 300 348
Oslo 2019 4 Solaris solo Pantograph 400 146
Oslo 2019 6 Mercedes solo Pantograph 250 243
Romerike 2019 17 Volvo solo (w/seat belts) Plugin 150 200
Romerike 2019 22 BYD articulated (belts) Pantograph 300 348
The need for more buses (parked when charging) moves cost break even date
→ Example 18m articulated buses, fleet of 50 vehicles (city buses)
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Total cost 18m e-bus
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
38
0
37
40
42
41
39
NOK/km
Depot chg
Euro VI (HVO) End stop chg
Total cost 18m e-bus
Including extra cost for more buses + drivers*
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
39
41
45
44
0
43
1
38
40
37
42
NOK/km
*Expect: +10% buses (end stop), +12% buses (depot chg)
Last tender:
electric 10-15%
above HVO
Cost: Total cost of ownership per powertrain 2020
Fuel Cell
132-151
108-114
Bioethanol
103-108
Biodiesel
98-102
Battery
Opportunity
110-122
Battery
Overnight
108-121
Plug-In
Hybrid
(Biogas)
Plug-In
Hybrid
(Biodiesel)
**
100-110
Plug-In
Hybrid
(Biodiesel)
*
114-127
Hybrid
(Biogas)
Hybrid
(Biodiesel)
98-104
Biogas
Bus maintenance
Bus depreciation
Fuel costs
Infrastructure costs
Downtime costs
Labor costs
N/A N/A
TCO by powertrain (12 m bus), biodiesel Euro VI base case = Index 100
*Plug-in hybrid with opportunity charging** Plug-in hybrid without opportunity charging
Lessons learned – Ruter
• The market has learned and matured
• The PTO handles the e-bus risks well, but needs support on infrastructure, depots, and public space
• Demanding to establish fast charging infrastructure
- many players - good collaboration, but takes time
• Space requirements - both for end stop fast charging, and increased number of buses on depots
• What is the optimal (or practical) business model for charging – grid owner, depot owner, operator, any new e-infrastructure operator…
Future scenarios
• The market has learned and matured
• The operator handle the e-bus risks in the tenders Romerike 2018 and West Region 2019
• Demanding to establish fast charging infrastructure• many players - good collaboration, but takes time
• Area requirements - both for end stop fast charging, and increased number of buses
• What is the optimal (or practical) business model for charging – grid owner, depot owner, operator, any new e-infrastructure operator…
• More indoor parking due to energy optimization?
Optimizethe
system
Optimizeenergy
consumption
