Margareta Söderström, GP Lund, Sweden, Ass. prof. in Copenhagen, Denmark.
IMT INSTITUT DE MICROTECHNIQUE NEUCHÂTEL Optical cavity with high quality factor Q Photonic...
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Transcript of IMT INSTITUT DE MICROTECHNIQUE NEUCHÂTEL Optical cavity with high quality factor Q Photonic...
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IMT INSTITUT DE MICROTECHNIQUE NEUCHÂTEL
Optical cavity with high quality factor Q
Photonic crystals course final presentation
Karin Söderström
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Karin SöderströmIMT INSTITUT DE MICROTECHNIQUE NEUCHÂTEL 2
Outline
1) Optical cavities and their use (history)
2) Quality factor Q
3) Lots of cavities
4) Applications of Cavities with PHC• Quantum optic
• Frequency selective devices
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Karin SöderströmIMT INSTITUT DE MICROTECHNIQUE NEUCHÂTEL 3
• The simplest optical cavity: A Fabry-Pérot resonator is composed of two parallel mirrors
• Associated with an active medium this cavity realized with one mirror with R<100% leads to one of the greatest discovery of the century
Optical cavities and their use
Laser by Th. Maiman Nature 187, 493-494 (1960)
Macro-cavity
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Optical cavities and their use
• One of the first study on resonator lead to the theoretical great result:– By placing a two-level system in a resonator you can modify
(enhance or stop) the spontaneous emission of the two–level system
E.M.Purcell Phys. Rev. 69 (1946) p. 681
• This information lead to many hope in different field:– One photon source
– Quantum entanglement of radiation and matter is possibleThompson, R. J., Rempe, G. & Kimble, H. J. Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 1132–1135 (1992).
P. Michler, A. Kiraz, C. Becher, W. V. Schoenfeld, P. M. Petroff, Lidong Zhang, E. Hu, and A. Imamoglu (2000) Science 290 (5500), 2282.
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Quality factor Q
Definition: Q=Pin the cavity /PLosses α lifetime photon in the cavity
Q α 1/where is the linewidth
If R , Q . The quality of the information .
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Lots of different cavities
Fabry-Pérot cavity made of two Bragg mirrors
Cavity made by a defect in a photonic crystal
Kerry J. Vahala, Nature, 424, 6950, 839, (2003)
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Outline
1) Optical cavities and their use (history)
2) Quality factor Q
3) Lots of cavities
4) Cavities with PHC• Quantum optic
• Frequency selective devices
![Page 8: IMT INSTITUT DE MICROTECHNIQUE NEUCHÂTEL Optical cavity with high quality factor Q Photonic crystals course final presentation Karin Söderström.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d4a5503460f94a27b63/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
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PHC Cavities Applications
• Quantum optics:• Control of the radiative lifetime (Purcell Effect) Fp α
Qmode/Vmode
Painter,O. et al. Science 284, 1819–1821 (1999).
Applications:Data transport in optical fiber.Easy writing and reading of CD, DVD (small spot size)
Miniature laser, LED, VCSEL, W threshold Control of the in a micropillar
Solomon et al,Phys.Rev.lett., 86, 17, 3903, (2001).
t=1.3ns t=280ps
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PHC Cavities Applications
• Quantum optics:– Strong coupling (of great interest due to the mode volume)
single-atom cavity quantum electrodynamics in the strong coupling regime
Theoretically proven: Vuckovic et al, Phys. Rev. E, 65, 016608, (2001)
Experimentally shown: Yoshie et al, Nature 432, 200-203 (2004) for a QD
Applications:Study of center of mass motion: Rempe, Applied physics. B, 60, 233 (1995)Single photon source: B Deveaud-Pledran, et al - US Patent App. 11/394,518, (2006)Beauty of physics BEC Theoretical: E Ostrovskaya, Y Kivshar, Optics Exp. vol12, (2004)
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PHC Cavities Applications
• Frequency devices (the mode volume is less important)
Akahane et al, Nature, 425, 6961, 944, (2003)
Applications:Very small spectrometer, Multiplexer, Demultiplexer, Filters, Spectroscopy
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• Frequency devices (Vmode is less important, here Q=400)
PHC Cavities Applications
Applications: Very small spectrometer, Multiplexer, Demultiplexer
Noda et al, Nature, 407, 608, (2000)
Shinya et al, Optics Exp,14, 25, 12394, (2006)
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PHC Cavities Applications
• Frequency devices (the mode volume is less important)
Applications: Filters
Kuramochi et al, Appl. Phys. Lett., 88, 041112, (2006)
Qth: 7*10^7
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PHC Cavities Applications
• Frequency devices (the mode volume is less important)
Application: Spectroscopy toolA photonic crystal sensor with a resolutionof better than n =0.002 with a Q factor of 400
Chow et al, Optics letters, 29, 10, 1093, (2004)
In this case it is not a bridge: small amount of sample only needed
The CaltechNanofabrication
Group
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• The cavity is the basis to construct devices with photonic crystals with different functionality modes
– Single photon source needed for quantum computation
Conclusions
• Lots of progresses can be made on Q (from theoretical studies) but the limits of the fabrication process can be reached before
• Lots of different applications in many fields– Laser, spectrometer, multiplexer, filter, spectroscopy
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?Questions?
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Thanks for your attention