IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
-
Upload
glen-mangali -
Category
Documents
-
view
231 -
download
0
Transcript of IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
1/89
Prof. Golda Aira V. Crisostomo, Ph.D.,
CIOP
Director, Letran Research Center
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
2/89
Prepared by: Golda Aira V.Crisostomo, Ph.D. 2
-BIG THING
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
3/89
Prepared by: Golda Aira V.Crisostomo, Ph.D. 3
Where are
we,
Where Might
We Go?
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
4/89
Prepared by: Golda Aira V.Crisostomo, Ph.D. 4
Teaching the learning
environment (30 %)
Research volume, income andreputation (30 %)
Citations research influence (30 %)Industry income innovation (2.5 %)International outlook staff, studentsand research (7.5%)
Source:
Times Higher Education (THE)World University Ranking 2011-2012
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
5/89
Prepared by: Golda Aira V.Crisostomo, Ph.D.
5
Academic Criteria
Academic Reputation
Employer Reputation
Faculty Student
International Faculty
International StudentsCitations per Paper
Methodology
Asian University Rankings vs WorldUniversity Rankings
Academic Reputation Index
Employer Reputation
Faculty Student Ratio
Bibliometrics - Papers per Faculty andCitations per Paper
Methodology: International Factors
http://www.topuniversities.com/wur-methodology/methodology-international-factorshttp://www.topuniversities.com/wur-methodology/methodology-international-factorshttp://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/asian-university-rankings/2011/indicator-rankings/academic-peer-reviewhttp://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/asian-university-rankings/2011/indicator-rankings/employer-reviewhttp://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/asian-university-rankings/2011/indicator-rankings/student-facultyhttp://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/asian-university-rankings/2011/indicator-rankings/international-facultyhttp://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/asian-university-rankings/2011/indicator-rankings/international-studentshttp://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/asian-university-rankings/2011/indicator-rankings/citations-paperhttp://www.topuniversities.com/wur-methodology/aur-worldhttp://www.topuniversities.com/wur-methodology/aur-worldhttp://www.topuniversities.com/wur-methodology/asian-university-rankings-academic-peer-reviewhttp://www.topuniversities.com/wur-methodology/asian-university-rankings-recruiter-reviewhttp://www.topuniversities.com/wur-methodology/asian-university-rankings-student-faculty-ratiohttp://www.topuniversities.com/wur-methodology/bibliometrics-papers-faculty-and-citations-paperhttp://www.topuniversities.com/wur-methodology/bibliometrics-papers-faculty-and-citations-paperhttp://www.topuniversities.com/wur-methodology/methodology-international-factorshttp://www.topuniversities.com/wur-methodology/methodology-international-factorshttp://www.topuniversities.com/wur-methodology/bibliometrics-papers-faculty-and-citations-paperhttp://www.topuniversities.com/wur-methodology/bibliometrics-papers-faculty-and-citations-paperhttp://www.topuniversities.com/wur-methodology/bibliometrics-papers-faculty-and-citations-paperhttp://www.topuniversities.com/wur-methodology/bibliometrics-papers-faculty-and-citations-paperhttp://www.topuniversities.com/wur-methodology/bibliometrics-papers-faculty-and-citations-paperhttp://www.topuniversities.com/wur-methodology/bibliometrics-papers-faculty-and-citations-paperhttp://www.topuniversities.com/wur-methodology/bibliometrics-papers-faculty-and-citations-paperhttp://www.topuniversities.com/wur-methodology/bibliometrics-papers-faculty-and-citations-paperhttp://www.topuniversities.com/wur-methodology/asian-university-rankings-student-faculty-ratiohttp://www.topuniversities.com/wur-methodology/asian-university-rankings-recruiter-reviewhttp://www.topuniversities.com/wur-methodology/asian-university-rankings-academic-peer-reviewhttp://www.topuniversities.com/wur-methodology/aur-worldhttp://www.topuniversities.com/wur-methodology/aur-worldhttp://www.topuniversities.com/wur-methodology/aur-worldhttp://www.topuniversities.com/wur-methodology/aur-worldhttp://www.topuniversities.com/wur-methodology/aur-worldhttp://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/asian-university-rankings/2011/indicator-rankings/citations-paperhttp://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/asian-university-rankings/2011/indicator-rankings/international-studentshttp://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/asian-university-rankings/2011/indicator-rankings/international-facultyhttp://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/asian-university-rankings/2011/indicator-rankings/student-facultyhttp://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/asian-university-rankings/2011/indicator-rankings/employer-reviewhttp://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/asian-university-rankings/2011/indicator-rankings/academic-peer-review -
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
6/89
QS (Quacquarelli Symonds)
ACADEMICREPUTATION
this survey asks activeacademics across the
world about the topuniversities in fieldsthey know about
EMPLOYERS
REPUTATION
recruiters who hiregraduates on a globalscale
Prepared by: Golda Aira V.
Crisostomo, Ph.D.
6
FACULTY STUDENTRATIO
CITATIONS PER PAPER
Citations per publishedresearch
THOMSON REUTERS
SCOPUS
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
7/89
Prepared by: Golda Aira V.
Crisostomo, Ph.D. 7
TITLE OF THESTUDY
CHAPTER 1
1. Introduction2. Statement of
the Problem3. Objectives
4. Hypothesis/Assumption
5. Theoretical /Conceptual
Framework6. Definition of
Terms
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
8/89
Prepared by: Golda Aira V.
Crisostomo, Ph.D. 8
CHAPTER 2- REVIEW OFRELATED LITERATURE
SYNTHESIS
Unpublished
Theses and
Dissertations
Books
Journals (?)
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
9/89
Prepared by: Golda Aira V.
Crisostomo, Ph.D. 9
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
10/89
Prepared by: Golda Aira V.
Crisostomo, Ph.D.10
1. Demonstrate ability to develop research
questions and propositions born out of sound
LITERATURE REVIEW
2. Demonstrate ability to identify the rightRESEARCH METHOD and TECHNIQUES
consistent with the nature of the questions asked
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
11/89
Prepared by: Golda Aira V.
Crisostomo, Ph.D. 11
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
12/89
Prepared by: Golda Aira V.
Crisostomo, Ph.D. 12
INQUIRY or investigation
aimed at the DISCOVERY &INTERPRETATION of facts orREVISION OF ACCEPTED
THEORIES
in theLIGHT OF
NEW FACTS & insights intothe practical application ofsuch new facts & insights
on the particular subject.
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
13/89
Prepared by: Golda Aira V.
Crisostomo, Ph.D. 13
STEP 1 :
BIG
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
14/89
Prepared by: Golda Aira V.
Crisostomo, Ph.D. 14
STEP 1 :
BIGHAIRY
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
15/89
Prepared by: Golda Aira V.
Crisostomo, Ph.D. 15
STEP 1 :
BIGHAIRY
AUDACIOUS
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
16/89
Prepared by: Golda Aira V. Crisostomo,
Ph.D. 16
STEP 1 :
BIGHAIRY
AUDACIOUS
GOAL
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
17/89
Prepared by: Golda Aira V.
Crisostomo, Ph.D. 17
STEP 2 :
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
18/89
Field of Expertise:Organizational Behavior, Culture, Leadership,
Politics and Development
Specific Projects
The influence of organizational
politics on employees affective
organizational commitment Culture of Public and Private
Higher Education Institutions
Organizational development
programs in Higher Education
Priority Research
Areas:
Organizational practices,
culture and change
Organizational knowledge
Transformation of
organizations in emerging and
changing societies
Higher Education as
organization
Prepared by: Golda Aira V. Crisostomo,Ph.D. 18
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
19/89
Priority Research Topics
1. Capacity and Policy Development Governance
Public Resources
Government Procurement Systems
Public Financial Management Growth and Competitiveness
Skills and Innovation Policy
Knowledge Economy
Education and Innovation
Sustainable and Land Use Planning
2. Environment and Climate Change Mitigation
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
20/89
Priority Research Topics
3. Communication and Green Media Development Values Orientation, Communication and Media Education
(VOCAME)
4. Human Capital Investment Talent Management
Dynamic Capitalism
Education Investment and Economic Growth
Organizations Financial Performance
5. Organizational Culture, Leadership and Development
Organizational Practices, Culture, and Change Organizational Knowledge
Transformation of Organizations in Emerging and ChangingSocieties
Higher Education as Organization
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
21/89
Priority Research Topics
6. Promotion of Historical Awareness
Colonial Influence in the Philippines
Historical events that transpired in Intramuros
Historical Personalities Institutions of great influence to nation building
7. Preservation of Cultural Heritage
Literature and Lifestyle
Performing Arts, Visual Arts, etc.
Religious and Political Culture
Translations
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
22/89
Prepared by: Golda Aira V.
Crisostomo, Ph.D. 22
STEP 3 :
THESIS FORMAT
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
23/89
Prepared by: Golda Aira V. Crisostomo,Ph.D.
23
Chapter 1: The Problem: Rationale
and Background
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Theoretical FrameworkSignificance of the Study
Scope and Limitation
Hypothesis
Assumptions
Definition of Terms
Chapter 2 : Review of RelatedLiterature
Chapter 3 : Research Methodology
Research Design
Research Locale
Population and Sampling
Research Instrumentation
Data Gathering ProcedureStatistical analysis
Ethical consideration
Chapter 4: Presentation, Analysis
and Interpretation of Data
Chapter 5 : Summary, Conclusion
and Recommendation
THESIS FORMAT
IMRAD
Title
Authorship and AffiliationAbstract (100-150 word count)
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Theoretical Background
2.1 Theoretical Framework
2.2 Literature Review2.3 Research Model
(Simulacrum)
3.0 Methods
3.1 Subjects
3.2 Instruments
3.3 Data Collection &
Procedure3.4 Data Analysis
3.5 Ethical Consideration
4.0 Results/ Findings
5.0 Discussion
6.0 Conclusion
7.0 References
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
24/89
WHAT IS IT?
IMRAD, which stands forIntroduction, Methods,
Results and Discussion
is a standard layout for
academic journal
articles.
It also typically requires
a title, abstract, tables
and figures,
acknowledgments andreferences to literature
cited.
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
25/89
WHAT IS IT?
It requires suitablebackground knowledgeso that the paper:
1) complies withwidely recognizedpublication standards
2) is approved in thepeer-review processwith the minimum ofamendments
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
26/89
This is what a typical thesis might look like.
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
27/89
This is what a Publishable Article (IMRAD)
might look like.
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
28/89
Prepared by: Golda Aira V. Crisostomo,
Ph.D.
28
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
29/89
WHAT IT IS
Short and sweet
Must have only 4,000
to 6,000 word count
Single spaced
Font size: 11
Length: 10 to 15 pages
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
30/89
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
31/89
BENEFITS OF IMRAD It is concise.
IMRAD structure
facilitates modular
reading.
Readers usually do notread in a linear way but
browse in each section of
article, looking for
specific information.
This is normally found in
pre-established areas of
the paper.
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
32/89
HISTORY 1950s: Adoption of IMRAD format After 1965: IMRAD began to
predominate
1979: IMRAD introduced as
standard by the American
National Standards Institute
1980s onwards: Absolute
leadership of IMRAD
Wide use of IMRAD may be
credited to editors - to benefit
readers and facilitate peerreview
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
33/89
BASIC STRUCTURE OF IMRAD
Introduction (What question was asked?)
Methods (How was it studied?)
Results (What was found?)
And
Discussion (What do the findings mean?)
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
34/89
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
35/89
INTRODUCTION
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
36/89
INTRODUCTION
It describes the background of the work and puts it in
context.
It should define the nature and scope of the problem.
It must state the aim of your study.
It mentions former studies when it helps in setting
focus for the subject of the report.
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
37/89
INTRODUCTIONIt provides the rationale for the current study. What gap in
knowledge did you try to fill? What controversy did you try to
resolve?
It should forward the papers hypotheses.
It usually requires a research model or simulacrum.
It should end in a CENTRAL QUESTION to be answeredby the report.
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
38/89
A literature review is an account of what has been
published on a topic by accredited scholars and
researchers.
Its purpose is to convey to readers what knowledge andideas have been established on a topic and what their
strengths and weaknesses are.
The main focus of your academic research paper is to
develop a new argument.
The literature review serves as a foundation and as
support for a new insight that youll contribute.
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
39/89
A literature review must:
Be organized around and related directly to the
research question
Synthesize results into a summary of what is and is
not known
Identify areas of controversy in the literature
Formulate questions that need further research
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
40/89
It states the general purpose of the study of what it intends to determine and the
specific objectives of the research paper. However, research questions in IMRAD
format are stated declaratively.
Key points for writing good objective:
The purpose of the research objectives is to focus on the research problem.
Avoid the collection of unnecessary data.
Provide direction to research study.
Objectives must be clear and well defined.
Measurable
Achievable
Realistic
Timely
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
41/89
A well-thought-out and focused research question leads
directly into your hypotheses.
What predictions would you make about the
phenomenon you are examining?
It is a tentative explanation for an observation,phenomenon, or problem that can be tested by further
investigation.
It can be a more specific prediction about the nature
and direction of the relationship between two variables.
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
42/89
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
43/89
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
44/89
METHODS
It describes the procedure used to answer the researchquestion.
It must be detailed enough for the reader to be able to
duplicate it.
If the choice of method needs to be justified, it should be
done here.
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
45/89
METHODSIt describes your sample and how/why they have
been selected.
It includes rules of analysis, and rules of verification
and validation.
It may include deductive reasoning, approximations,statistical analysis and simulations.
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
46/89
This part discusses thoroughly about the
qualifications needed by the researchers for their
participants. It often includes the age, other
characteristics that may typify what the study is all
about and the number of participants needed.
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
47/89
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
48/89
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
49/89
It is the core of the paper and shows the outcome of
the method.
The results should be presented in a clear, accurateand concise format.
There should be no redundancy so stick to what is
relevant.
The text should tell the story and the tables give the
evidence while the figures illustrate the highlights.
RESULTS
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
50/89
RESULTSSummary statistics, figures and tables should be used when
convenient for the sections purpose.
Do not repeat in the text all the data given in the tables or
illustrations; emphasize or summarize only important
observations.
While this section should contain the explanations necessary forit to be understandable, interpretations and deductions are to
be kept for the Discussions section.
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
51/89
The third part of the IMRAD format which considered as
the core of the paper and shows the outcome of themethod.
What should be remembered in writing the Results:
The results should be presented in a clear, accurate,and concise format.
There should be no redundancy so stick to what is
relevant.
The text should tell the story and the tables give theevidence while the figures illustrate the highlights.
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
52/89
DISCUSSION
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
53/89
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
54/89
It reveals the importance of the research paper in
general. It also includes the benefits it may bring to
specific types of profession, branches of any courses orany particular field.
OTHER SECTIONS OF AN IMRAD
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
55/89
OTHER SECTIONS OF AN IMRAD
ARTICLE
Title Page
Abstract
Acknowledgment
References
Appendices
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
56/89
TITLE PAGE
Title of the article (maximum of 40 characters or 12
salient words); only first word is capitalized (APA)
Full name(s) of author(s)
Academic degree(s)
Institutional affiliation(s) of author(s)
Communication address
Key words
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
57/89
Title of the Article
Full name(s) of Author(s)
Institutional Affiliation
Communication Address
Key Words
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
58/89
ABSTRACT It must be short, onlyaround 100 words. It
must summarize:
the context orbackground for the study
the study's purposes
basic procedures for thestudy
main findings principal conclusions
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
59/89
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
60/89
REFERENCES
All sources referred to inthe paper must be listed
and no others.
If any standard is fixed
by the journal where thepaper is intended to be
published, it should be
adhered to.
Otherwise, a generalstandard like APA can be
followed.
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
61/89
APPENDICES Appendices may be used
for material logicallybelonging to the report,but too bulky to be partof the main text.
In that case, thesummarytables/statistics/figuresshould be in the maintext, but detailed
description will beplaced in an appendix ortwo.
STEPS IN THE
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
62/89
STEPS IN THE
RESEARCH PROCESSTopic or Problem Identification
Review of Literature
Hypotheses Development
Framework Development
Objective Formulation
Research Plan Formulation
Data Gathering/Collection
Data Analysis & Interpretation
Conclusion
Communicating & Utilizing the Findings
RESEARCH
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
63/89
Prepared by: Golda Aira V.
Crisostomo, Ph.D.63
RESEARCH
PROCESS
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
64/89
Prepared by: Golda Aira V.
Crisostomo, Ph.D.
64
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
65/89
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
66/89
Prepared by: Golda Aira V.
Crisostomo, Ph.D.
66
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
67/89
Prepared by: Golda Aira V.
Crisostomo, Ph.D.
67
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
68/89
Prepared by: Golda Aira V.
Crisostomo, Ph.D.
68
STEP
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
69/89
Prepared by: Golda Aira V.
Crisostomo, Ph.D.
69
STEP 4 :
R i
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
70/89
Reconnaissance
Good research is good because itadvances our collective understanding
What has been done before
Weaknesses and strengths of existingstudies
Implications of the findings
GENERATIVITY is one of thehallmarks of scholarship (Shulman,1999)
Prepared by: Golda Aira V.
Crisostomo, Ph.D.
70
R i
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
71/89
Reconnaissance
To be useful andmeaningful,education research
must beCUMULATIVE.
Must be build on andlearn from PRIORRESEARCH
Prepared by: Golda Aira V.
Crisostomo, Ph.D.
71
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
72/89
Reconnaissance3 CHARACTERISTICS
It clarifies andperhaps resolves theproblems within a fieldof study rather thanglossing over thoseproblems
It satisfies the formalcriteria of a goodtheory
It results in aprogressive shiftthat yields a newperspective on theliterature with
More explanatory
More predictive power
Prepared by: Golda Aira V.
Crisostomo, Ph.D.
72
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
73/89
Prepared by: Golda Aira V.
Crisostomo, Ph.D.
73
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
74/89
Prepared by: Golda Aira V.
Crisostomo, Ph.D.
74
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
75/89
Prepared by: Golda Aira V.
Crisostomo, Ph.D.
75
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
76/89
Prepared by: Golda Aira V.
Crisostomo, Ph.D.
76
Other TECHNOLOGY- DRIVEN
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
77/89
literature sources
Elsevier science journals
ScienceDirect
Subject areas in ScienceDirect
Subscribed, non-subscribed, complimentary
www.doaj.org (Directory of Open Access
Journals)
Prepared by: Golda Aira V. Crisostomo,
Ph.D. 77
STEP 5
http://www.doaj.org/http://www.doaj.org/ -
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
78/89
Prepared by: Golda Aira V.
Crisostomo, Ph.D. 78
STEP 5 :
Cases for Research on Life-giving
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
79/89
Cases for Research on Life-giving
Forces in Nursing
Prepared by: Golda Aira V.
Crisostomo, Ph.D.
79
Researcher MajorObjectives/
Central
Question
DelineatedFactors Locus Methods
Ruggiero (2005) Explore the
relationships andrelative
contributions of
selected work, shift
worker health and
demographic
variables to job
satisfaction
stress; workload,
shift schedule;depression; age;
sleep; family
issues
New Jersey, USA Questionnaire;
Survey
Hoffman and Scott
(2003)
Examine the
variation in role
stress and career
satisfaction by
work shift patterns.
Work shift;
patterns; pay;
autonomy;
professional status
Michigan, USA Questionnaire
STEP 6
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
80/89
Prepared by: Golda Aira V.
Crisostomo, Ph.D. 80
STEP 6 :
Which among the identified conceptual tags/ parameters/variables
are considered IMPORTANT and CONTROVERSIAL in the field
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
81/89
are considered IMPORTANT and CONTROVERSIAL in the field
where I belong?
Prepared by: Golda Aira V.
Crisostomo, Ph.D.
81
Conceptual Tags Literature Source
(Authors, Year)
Is the CT still
important?
Is the CT still
controversial?
/= YES x = NO
STEP 7
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
82/89
Prepared by: Golda Aira V.
Crisostomo, Ph.D. 82
STEP 7 :
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
83/89
Prepared by: Golda Aira V.
Crisostomo, Ph.D.
83
Conceptual Tags Lexical Definition(According to AuthoritativeSources)
OperationalDefinition (how theterm is/will be used in the
paper)
Self- Efficacy Ones interest andwillingness to use and
interact with IT (Hasan,
2003)
Perceived Beliefs Refers to perceived
usefulness, ease of use,compatibility, and tialability
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
84/89
RESEARCH STEPS
1. Know your BHAG
2. Knowing your field ofEXPERTISE
3. Knowing parts of aPUBLISHABLE paper
4. Immersing oneself in
Literature
Prepared by: Golda Aira V.Crisostomo, Ph.D.
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
85/89
RESEARCH STEPS
5. Organizing yourLiterature
6. Identifying ResearchConceptual Tags
7. Defining ResearchConceptual Tags
Prepared by: Golda Aira V.Crisostomo, Ph.D.
85
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
86/89
Prepared by: Golda Aira V.Crisostomo, Ph.D.
Do a Simulacrum that incorporates the ff.h th
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
87/89
hypotheses:
H1: More positive perceived IT beliefs lead to a more positive attitude towards IT
adoption
H2: A better task technology fit will lead to a more positive attitude towards IT
adoption
H3: A better task-technology fit and a more positive perceived IT belief are positively
correlated with each other
H4: A more positive attitude will lead to a higher degree of intentions towards IT.
H5: The higher the level of self-efficacy, the higher the degree of positive attitude
towards IT adoption
H6: The higher the level of self-efficacy, the higher the degree of intentions towards
IT adoption
H7: A higher level of subjective norm will cause a higher degree of intentions towards
IT adoptionPrepared by: Golda Aira V. Crisostomo, Ph.D.
TITLE:A study of hotel employee behavioral intentions
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
88/89
88Prepared by: Golda Aira V. Crisostomo, Ph.D.
PerceivedIT beliefs
Task-
Technology
FIT
Subjective
Norm
Self-
Efficacy
ATTITUDE
Behavioral
Intention
H3
H1
H2H5
H7
H4
H6
CENTRAL QUESTION:To investigate the relationship between attitude, self-efficacy
and subjective norm and behavioral intention toward the
perceptions of adoption of information technology by hotel
employees
toward adoption of information technology
-
7/28/2019 IMRAD Lecture of Ma'Am Golda 2
89/89