Superstructure Optimization of Hybrid Thermal Desalination ...
IMPROVING THE THERMAL EFFICIENCY OF HYBRID IGCC
Transcript of IMPROVING THE THERMAL EFFICIENCY OF HYBRID IGCC
IMPROVING THE THERMAL EFFICIENCY OF HYBRID IGCC
Ural Federal University I Department of Thermal Power Plants Yekaterinburg I Tel.+7(343)375-47-31 I email [email protected]
Ben-Gurion University I Laboratory for Clean Combustion Tel.+972-8-6477789 I email [email protected]
6th International Freiberg Conference
on IGCC & XtL Technologies
May 2014
Dresden/Radebeul, Germany
Ryzhkov A.1, Bar Ziv E.2, Bogatova T.1, Gordeev S.1, Saveliev R.2, Osipov P.1 1UrFU, 2BGU
Cooperation between institutions
Invitation for a guest lecture for students
Ural federal university Competitiveness enhancement program
focused on efficient cooperation with international institutions
in several areas one of them - Power Engineering, Resource
Saving and Environmental Management (including coal
gasification technologies).
Cooperation throughout this research:
•The Department of Thermal Power Plant, Ural Federal
University, Yekaterinburg, Russia;
•Laboratory for Clean Combustion, Ben-Gurion University of the
Negev, Israel.
Coal technologies development and UrFU experience
R&D goals in Russia
1.Development of prospective solid fuel installations working at ultra super critical(USC) steam conditions 720-750 °C, 35 MPa. 2.Development of IGCC technology and new high-tech and reliable gasification methods with net plat efficiency 44-45% for existing turbine technology, not less than 50% - with perspective equipment. 3.Development of hybrid plants, based on integration of fuel cells with
gasification products of solid fuels.
The development level in comparison with
global benchmark for high-efficient solid fuel
installations, safe for the environment and climate.
Coal technologies development and UrFU experience
Schematic representation of the competition
between technologies
The fundamental goal of this study
Development of the technology based on the combined cycle for
heat and electricity generation. Fuel base – low-rank coals,
petcoke.
Conventional IGCC scheme
•dry / wet fuel feed •single-stage steam-oxygen gasification •medium calorific value tar free syngas •liquid / solid ash handling •cold / wet gas clean-up •500-700 MW, 1.5 GW in the development
Direction of IGCC modernization
The main problems
•Low thermal efficiency of IGCC
•Low reliability of IGCC
•Oxygen plant
Possible solutions
•Hot gas clean-up
•Gasification island unload
•Air-blown gasification
Drawback - lack of heat to complete the conversion of carbon in to the syngas, that could be eliminated by: a) partial gasification and char combustion in the reactor (MHI) or
in the external installation (FW), entrained reactor with air heater /«air boiler» (UrFU-ICEU);
b) hybrid IGCC scheme with air heater («air boiler»).
Hybrid IGCC scheme with «air boiler»
Hybrid IGCC scheme
Now we are focus on two issues: 1) Operating conditions of the reactor with high temperature air. The syngas composition handling. 2) The «air boiler» (air heater) performance. Materials for the heating surfaces. External heat exchange in a combustion chamber. Internal heating transfer intensification in heating surfaces.
Hybrid IGCC syngases and properties of experimental coals
Proximate analysis (dry coal basis), % weight Properties of AKD bituminous coal Total moisture 7.9 Residual moisture 3.0 Ash 14.95 Volatile matter 25.6 Fixed C 59.45 High heating value (HHV), MJ/kg
28.5
Elemental analysis, % weight Carbon, C 73.20 Hydrogen, H 3.90 Nitrogen, N 1.69 Sulfur, S 0.59 Oxygen, O 5.67
Properties of KPC-Melawan subbituminous coal Total moisture 22.3 Residual moisture 15.50 Ash 4.30 Volatile matter 47.10 Fixed C 48.60 High heating value (HHV), MJ/kg 28.9 Elemental analysis, % weight Carbon, C 71.38 Hydrogen, H 5.12 Nitrogen, N 1.36 Sulfur, S 0.22 Oxygen, O 17.62
Coal test facility at BGU
Burner
Coal feed system
Probe sampling
Gas composition
Heat flux layout
Test facility operation conditions for AKD coal gasification Operation parameters with
steam without steam
Total air flow, kg h-1 49.8 37.9 Primary air flow, kg h-1 13.8 8.2 Temperature – primary air and coal, oC
65 64
Secondary air flow, kg h-1 12.1 11.7 Temperature – secondary air, oC
300 300
OFAair flow, kg h-1 23.9 18 Temperature – OFA, oC 250 189 Steam flow, kg h-1 4 - Temperature – steam, oC 227 - Coal flow, kg h-1 4.6 4.6 Total heat rate, MJ h-1 base on Net C.V.
122.5 112.9
Stoichiometric ratio on the burner
0.61 0.62
Pressure, Pa 101325 101325 Coal particle size distribution, %
100 mesh 98.4 87.0 200 mesh 74.7 50.0
Test facility experimental parameters
Devolatilization model developed by Ubhayakar et al.
The char oxidation rate combines the effects of surface reactivity and pore diffusion as described by Hurt and Mitchell, where q is the combustion rate normalized by the particle external surface area, ks is the global rate coefficient [kg-Carbon/m2-s]
Combustion processes of a coal particle
A [kg-Carbon/m2-s] represents the global pre-exponential factor, E [kJ/mol] the global activation energy, R the gas constant and Tp [K] the temperature of the char particle. Ps is the partial pressure of oxygen at the particle surface and n is the global reaction order. Three of the above parameters governing char oxidation can be varied in GLACIER: n, A and E.
Kinetic model for devolatilization – combustion of coal
GLACIER-code kinetic model parameters
*Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Efficiency, 2007 Nova Science Publishers, p. 121-170
Experimental data
CFX-simulation results
GLACIER-simulation results
Air-blown steam gasification Air-blown gasification
l/d l/d
t, oC
Comparison of experimental data, CFX- and GLACIER-simulation for AKD coal
KPC-Melawan AKD
XC, %
CO
2, %
H
2, %
H2, %
C
O2, %
CO
, %
CO
, ppm
Comparison of experimental data, equilibrium calculations and GLACIER-simulation
XC, %
KPC-Melawan
AKD
Experimental data Equilibrium GLACIER
Ternary diagram for the syngas composition
Flow-sheet simulation for different air heating temperature was conducted for conversion process in entrained –flow reactor by Thermoflow software.
Ternary diagram for the syngas composition
Thermoflow simulation for carbon Raw
syngas Units
Case1
Tair= 300 °C
Case10
Tair= 1200 °C
CO
vol %
34,66 40,4
CO2 1,596 0,1661
CH4 0,0716 1,965
H2 9,328 13,52
H2S 0 0
O2 0 0
H2O 0,8995 0,1164
COS 0 0
N2 52,81 43,31
Ar 0,636 0,5216
LHV kJ/kg 4698 6693
Calculated net efficiency of hybrid IGCC
The first plant based on IGCC technology with electrical out of 200-300 MW planned to be installed in Russia by 2020, and by 2030, the installed capacity in the country can be 1 to 2 GW.
Acknowledgement
The work is partially supported by RFBR (Project No.14-08-
01226 А) and by the Ministry of Education and Science of the
Russian Federation (State Contract No. 14.516.11.0043).
Sincere appreciation is expressed to Korytnyi E. (from BGU),
Perelman M. (from BGU) and Abaimov N. (from UrFU) for helpful
discussion about this work.